Thomas Willcox (1689 - 1779) was a colonial-era paper mill owner in Concord Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The Ivy Mills supplied paper used for currency for the Continental and United States governments as well as many South American governments. Willcox was a friend of Benjamin Franklin, made printing paper for him and received the first orders for paper used in colonial American currency from him.[1]
Thomas Willcox | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1689 |
| Died | 1779 |
| Occupation | Paper mill owner |
The ruins of the paper mill, erected in 1829; the clerk's house, dated to about 1830; and the Ivy Mills Mansion House, built in 1837 are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Ivy Mills Historic District. Ivy Mills is the second oldest paper mill built in America.[2]
Career
edit
In 1726, Thomas Willcox, along with Thomas Brown, constructed a mill dam across Chester Creek.[3] Soon afterward, a paper mill was built and in 1729 the first paper produced at the site was sold. Willcox learned paper making prior to coming to Pennsylvania and the arrangement was that he should receive three-fifths of the profit of the joint undertaking.[4]
Brown and Willcox continued their partnership until 1732 when Willcox leased Brown's interest in the operation. In 1739, Willcox bought Brown out completely.[5] Thomas Willcox passed the mill and property on to his son Mark.[6]
The first output from Ivy Mills was pressboard and then printing paper. After 1775, the mill was devoted almost entirely to making government paper for the continental bills, loan certificates and bills of exchange. At the time of the revolution, the government depended entirely on Ivy Mills for paper for currency.[7]
Thomas Willcox left the mill and property to his son Mark and to other Willcoxes until paper manufacturing at the mill ceased in 1886.[8]
Missionary Work
editThomas Willcox and his family were of Roman Catholic faith and are believed to be the oldest Roman Catholic family in Pennsylvania.[9] The Willcox family opened their home as a regular stop to Jesuit priests traveling from Maryland to preach to Christians in Philadelphia.[10] A mission chapel was established at Ivy Mills in 1730,[11][12] making it the oldest Roman Catholic parish in Pennsylvania.[13] In 1837, St. Mary's Chapel was built as part of the new Ivy Mills Mansion. Eventually the size of the congregation was sufficient to warrant the construction of a new church in 1852 named St. Thomas the Apostle Church a mile away in what would become the borough of Chester Heights.[14]
Personal life
editWillcox was originally from Exeter and emigrated to Concord Township with his wife Elizabeth (née Cole) in 1718. Thomas and Elizabeth Willcox had nine children, John, Anne, James, Elizabeth, Mary, Deborah, Thomas, Mark and Margaret.[15]
External links
edit- "Thomas Willcox Family". Retrieved 30 June 2017.
References
edit- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Ivy Mills Historic District" (PDF). dot7.state.pa.us. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ Martin, John Hill (1877). Chester (and Its Vicinity,) Delaware County, in Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Wm. H. Pile & Sons. p. 231. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ^ Willcox, Joseph (1911). Ivy Mills, 1729-1866: Willcox and Allied Families. Baltimore: Lucas Brothers, Inc. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
- ^ Weeks, Lyman Horace (1916). A History of Paper-manufacturing in the United States, 1690-1916. New York: The Lockwood Trade Journal Company. p. 12. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
The Willcox Paper Mill, 1729 -1866.
- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Ivy Mills Historic District" (PDF). dot7.state.pa.us. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "Willcoxes of Ivy Mills". www.properphiladelphia.com. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
- ^ Weeks, Lyman Horace (1916). A History of Paper-manufacturing in the United States, 1690-1916. New York: The Lockwood Trade Journal Company. p. 13. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
The Willcox Paper Mill, 1729 -1866.
- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form: Ivy Mills Historic District" (PDF). dot7.state.pa.us. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ Ashmeade, Henry Graham (1884). History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: L.H. Everts & Co. p. 492. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ^ "Three Miles, Three Faiths". www.concordhist.org. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ Jordan, John W. (1912). A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania and Its People. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 394. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia (Vol. VI ed.). Philadelphia: The American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. 1895. p. 460. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
- ^ "Friends of Old St. Thomas Website". www.friendsofoldstthomas.org. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "Friends of Old St. Thomas Church Website". www.friendsofoldstthomas.org. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ Ashmeade, Henry Graham (1884). History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: L.H. Everts & Co. p. 492. Retrieved 2 July 2017.