Wikipedia

Timeline of Łódź

Timeline of the Łódź history
Affiliations

Kingdom of Poland 1300s–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1793
Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1807
Duchy of Warsaw 1807-1815
Congress Poland (Russian Empire) 1815–1916
Kingdom of Poland 1916–1918
Republic of Poland 1918–1939
 Nazi Germany 1939–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
 Republic of Poland 1989–present

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Łódź, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

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Further information (in Polish): Timeline of Łódź (to 1820) [pl]

19th century

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Further information (in Polish): Timeline of Łódź (1821–1918) [pl]

20th century

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1900s–1930s

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Further information (in Polish): Timeline of Łódź (1918–1939) [pl]
 
Plac Wolności ("Freedom Square") with the Tadeusz Kościuszko Monument and the Holy Spirit Church in 1930

World War II (1939–1945)

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Further information (in Polish): Timeline of Łódź (1939–1945) [pl]
 
Invading German troops in Łódź in September 1939
  • 1939
    • 2 September: Germany carried out first air raids, bombing the airport and the Łódź Kaliska train station.[18]
    • 3 September: Further air raids carried out by Germany. The Germans bombed a railway station in the Widzew district, a power plant, a gas plant, a thread factory and many houses.[18]
    • 5 September: The Germans air raided the airport again.[18]
    • 6 September: The Germans air raided a historic palace which housed the command of the Polish Łódź Army.[18]
    • 6 September: the Citizens' Committee of the City of Łódź established.[19]
    • 6–8 September: Battle of Łódź during the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II.
    • 9 September: German troops entered the city, beginning of the German occupation.[19]
    • 11 September: The Germans issued the first occupation decrees.[19]
    • 12 September: The German Einsatzgruppe III entered the city to commit various crimes against the population.[20]
    • 12–15 September: The Germans carried out searches of local county offices and Polish police buildings.[20]
    • 16 September: Local administration took over by a German official, D. Leiste from Rhineland.[19]
    • 21 September: The Germans carried out mass searches in the present-day district of Chojny.[20]
    • September: The Germans carried out first arrests of Poles as part of the Intelligenzaktion and established first prisons for arrested Poles.[21]
    • 12 October – 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
    • 31 October: A German transit camp for Poles arrested in the Intelligenzaktion established in the present-day district of Ruda Pabianicka.[21]
    • November: Radogoszcz concentration camp established by the Germans. Its prisoners were mostly people from Łódź, Pabianice and other nearby settlements.[21]
    • 9 November: City annexed directly into Nazi Germany; the Germans destroyed the monument of Polish national hero Tadeusz Kościuszko.[19]
    • 9 November: First prisoners detained in the Radogoszcz concentration camp.[21]
    • November: Hundreds of Poles from Łódź and the region massacred by the Germans in the forest in the present-day district of Łagiewniki as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[22]
    • City renamed "Litzmannstadt"[citation needed] to erase traces of Polish origin.
    • 11 December: The Germans massacred 70 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[22]
    • 13 December: The Germans massacred 40 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[22]
    • December: 65 prisoners from the transit camp in Pabianice deported to the Radogoszcz concentration camp and then massacred in Łagiewniki.[21]
    • 31 December: First expulsions of Poles from Osiedle Montwiłła-Mireckiego carried out.[23]
    • Hundreds of Poles from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the nearby village of Lućmierz-Las.[24]
 
Łódź Ghetto in 1940
  • 1940
    • 14–15 January: German police and Selbstschutz carried out mass expulsions of Poles from Osiedle Montwiłła-Mireckiego.[25]
    • February: More prisoners from the liquidated transit camp in Pabianice imprisoned in the Radogoszcz camp; Radogoszcz camp converted into the Radogoszcz prison.[21]
    • February: Łódź Ghetto formed.[26]
    • Hundreds of Poles from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the nearby village of Lućmierz-Las.[24]
    • March: 11 Polish boy scouts from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the Okręglik forest near Zgierz.[24]
    • April–May: The Russians committed the large Katyn massacre, among the victims of which were over 1,200 Poles, who either were born or lived in Łódź or the region before the war.[27]
  • 1941
 
Public execution of Poles in German-occupied Łódź in 1942
  • 1942
  • 1943
  • 1944
    • August: Łódź Ghetto liquidated.
    • September: Most POWs transported from Stalag Luft II to the Stalag Luft III camp in Żagań.[29]
    • 21 November: Stalag Luft II POW camp liquidated.[29]
  • 1945
    • German concentration camp for kidnapped Polish children disestablished.[30]
    • 17 January: City taken by the Soviet Army and afterwards restored to Poland.

1945–2000

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Further information (in Polish): Timeline of Łódź (1945–1989) [pl]
Further information (in Polish): Timeline of Łódź (since 1989) [pl]
 
National Film School in Łódź
 
Grand Theatre, Łódź

21st century

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Further information (in Polish): Timeline of Łódź (since 1989) [pl]
 
Piotrkowska Street in 2011

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Flatt 1853.
  2. ^ a b c d e Popławska 1986.
  3. ^ a b Adna Ferrin Weber (1899), Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century, Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, New York: Macmillan Company, OL 24341630M
  4. ^ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 22.
  5. ^ Zieliński, p. 35
  6. ^ Zieliński, p. 47
  7. ^ "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
  8. ^ Witold Iwańczak. "Pionierzy polskiej kinematografii". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  9. ^ Donna M. Di Grazia, ed. (2013). Nineteenth-Century Choral Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-98852-0.
  10. ^ Britannica 1910.
  11. ^ Sheila Skaff (2008). The Law of the Looking Glass: Cinema in Poland, 1896-1939. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1784-3.
  12. ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
  13. ^ "Lodz". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 2013-02-04.
  14. ^ Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
  15. ^ Abramowicz, Sławomir (2003). "Wypędzeni z Osiedla "Montwiłła" Mireckiego w Łodzi". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 12–1 (35–36). IPN. p. 28. ISSN 1641-9561.
  16. ^ Jesús Pedro Lorente (2011). Museums of Contemporary Art: Notion and Development. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4094-0587-0.
  17. ^ "History of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Łódź". Muzeum Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne w Łodzi. Archived from the original on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  18. ^ a b c d e Anna Gronczewska. "Niemieckie ślady wojny w Łodzi. Co zostało z planów wzorcowego miasta Rzeszy?". Dziennik Łódzki (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e Tomasz Walkiewicz. "Wybuch wojny i początki okupacji hitlerowskiej w Łodzi". Archiwum Państwowe w Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  20. ^ a b c Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 114.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Wardzyńska, p. 203
  22. ^ a b c Wardzyńska, p. 204
  23. ^ Abramowicz, p. 30
  24. ^ a b c Wardzyńska, p. 205
  25. ^ Abramowicz, p. 32
  26. ^ a b c "The establishment of Litzmannstadt Ghetto". Torah Code. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  27. ^ Tomasz Walkiewicz. "Łodzianie w grobach katyńskich". Archiwum Państwowe w Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  28. ^ a b Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  29. ^ a b c d Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 505. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  30. ^ a b c Ledniowski, Krzysztof; Gola, Beata (2020). "Niemiecki obóz dla małoletnich Polaków w Łodzi przy ul. Przemysłowej". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 147.
  31. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 501. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  32. ^ a b Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
  33. ^ "Lodz Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  34. ^ a b c Don Rubin, ed. (2001). "Poland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. Vol. 1: Europe. Routledge. p. 634+. ISBN 9780415251570.
  35. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  36. ^ "Historia Muzeum" (in Polish). Muzeum Miasta Łodzi. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  37. ^ Janusz Kubik. "Margaret Thatcher w Łodzi. Najbardziej znana kobieta w świecie polityki, nie ukrywała swojej sympatii do Polski". Express Ilustrowany (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  38. ^ "Orebro". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  39. ^ "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  40. ^ "Szeged". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  41. ^ a b "Chengdu". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  42. ^ "W Łodzi stanął ormiański krzyż – chaczkar". Awedis (in Polish). No. 16. 2013. p. 1.
  43. ^ Katarzyna Marchwicka. "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Armenii w Łodzi". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Polish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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in English

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  • Zysiak, Agata et al. From Cotton and Smoke: Łódź - Industrial City and Discourses of Asynchronous Modernity, 1897-1994 (Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 2019). online review

in other languages

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