The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bremen, Germany.
Prior to 19th century
edit- 787 CE - Catholic diocese of Bremen formed.[1]
- 848 CE - Transfer of the archiepiscopal see of Hamburg to Bremen.
- 965 CE - Adaldag archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen given ruling powers by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor[2]
- 1186 - Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor grants privilegium to the townspeople.[2]
- 1220's - Bremen Cathedral construction began.[2]
- 1223 – Archbishopric relocated to Bremen from Hamburg.
- 1230 – Church of Our Lady rebuilt (approximate date).
- 1243 – St. Ansgarius church built (approximate date).[2]
- 1247 - Location of Schlachte settled by local citizens and traders.
- 1283 - Bremen admitted to the Hanseatic League but was excluded in 1285.[2]
- 1304 - "The commonalty rose against the patricians and drove them from the city."[2]
- 1358 - Bremen re-admitted to the Hanseatic League.[2]
- 1409 – Town Hall built.
- 1427 – Bremen re-excluded from the Hanseatic League.[2]
- 1433 – Bremen re-admitted to the Hanseatic League.[2]
- 1522 - The Reformation was introduced into Bremen.[2]
- 1532 - Bremen joins the Schmalkaldic League.[2]
- 1588 – Stadtwaage built.
- 1618 - Protestantism definitively proclaimed as the state religion.[2]
- 1619 – Cloth-traders' guild hall built.[2]
- 1630
- Lübeck-Hamburg-Bremen defensive alliance formed.[3]
- Shipper's House built.
- 1644 - Frederick II of Denmark deposed by the Swedes.[2]
- 1654 & 1666 - Swedish Wars on Bremen.[2]
- 1675 – Bremen-Verden Campaign.
- 1682 - Bremen Exchange construction began of a single story building.[2]
- 1720 - George I., elector of Hanover recognized Bremen as a free city. [2]
- 1790 - City directory published.[4]
- 1792 – Bremer Stadttheater (1792) (theatre) built.
19th century
edit- 1807 - Population: 36,041.
- 1806 - Bremen taken by the French.[2]
- 1810 – Bremen becomes part of the French Empire.[5]
- 1815 - Congress of Vienna restores its independence.[2]
- 1823
- Art Society founded.
- St. John's Church rededicated as a Catholic church
- 1827 – Bremerhaven (seaport) established.
- 1847
- Bremen Hauptbahnhof (main railway station) opens.
- Wunstorf–Bremen railway opens.
- 1849 – Kunsthalle (art museum) built.
- 1857 – Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company in business.
- 1862 - Population: 67,217.[6]
- 1866 – Bremen joins the North German Confederation.[5][2]
- 1867
- Exchange built.[2]
- Oldenburg–Bremen railway opened.
- Population: 74,574.[7]
- 1868 – 10 April: Premiere of Brahm's German Requiem.
- 1871
- End of Bremen independence, city becomes part of the German Empire.
- Population: 82,969.[7]
- 1872 – AG Weser in business.[8]
- 1874 – Agricultural exhibition held.[5]
- 1875
- 1876 – Horse tramway begins operating.
- 1878 – Post office built.[2]
- 1885 - Population: 118,395.[9]
- 1888
- Bremen joins German Customs Union.
- Bremen Hauptbahnhof (train station) re-built.[2]
- 1890
- Bremer Straßenbahn active.
- Population: 124,955.[7]
- 1892 – Electric tramway begins operating.
- 1893 – Bremer Vulkan shipbuilder in business.[8]
- 1895 – Law courts built.[2]
- 1900 – Population: 186,822; state 248,407.[2]
20th century
edit1900-1945
edit- 1901 – Bremen Cathedral great restoration completed.[2]
- 1902 – Kunsthalle (art museum) enlarged.
- 1905 – Population: 214,953; state 263,673.[2]
- 1906 – Production of decaffeinated Kaffee Hag coffee begins.[10]
- 1911 – Rathscafé built.
- 1913
- Bremen Airport established.
- New Town Hall and Theater am Goetheplatz built.
- 20 June: Bremen school shooting.
- 1919 – Population: 257,923.[11]
- 1920 – New constitution put into effect.
- 1923 – Bremer Flugzeugbau aircraft manufactory in business.
- 1925 – Fahrzeugwerke Borgward automobile manufactory in business.
- 1928 – Population: 302,949.
- 1932 – Reichskolonialehrendenkmal (monument) unveiled.
- 1933
- March: Nazis take control of executive Senate. Nazi Richard Markert becomes mayor.
- May: Placed in a united Reich Governorship with Oldenburg under Carl Röver.
- October: Bürgerschaft (state parliament) is dissolved.
- 1939
- Aumund, Blumenthal, Fähr, Farge, Grohn, Hammersbeck, Lobbendorf, Rekum, Schönebeck, and Vegesack become part of city.[citation needed]
- August: Polish libraries seized by the Gestapo.[12]
- September: Mass arrests of local Polish activists (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).[13]
- Population: 431,800.
- 1940
- May: Bombing of Bremen in World War II begins.
- May: Bremen-Blumenthal forced labour camp for men established.[14]
- 1942 – 2nd SS construction brigade (forced labour camp) established by the SS.[15]
- 1943 – Bremen-Farge subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly French, Polish and Soviet men.[16]
- 1944
- 15 April: 2nd SS construction brigade relocated to Berlin.[15]
- 2 August: Bremen-Hindenburgkaserne subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were Jewish women.[17]
- 16 August: Bremen-Neuenland subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were mostly French and Soviet men.[18]
- August: Bremen-Blumenthal subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were mostly Belgian, French, Polish, Soviet and Jewish men.[19]
- 26 September: Bremen-Hindenburgkaserne subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved[17] and Bremen-Obernheide subcamp established. Prisoners moved from Hindenburgkaserne to Obernheide.[20]
- 28 November: Bremen-Neuenland subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved[18] and Bremen-Osterort subcamp established. Prisoners moved from Neuenland to Osterort.[21]
- 25/26 December: Bremen-Schützenhof subcamp of Neuengamme established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish men.[22]
- 1945
- 4 April: Bremen-Obernheide subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners sent on a death march to Uesen.[20]
- 6 April: Bremen-Osterort subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Bremen-Farge subcamp.[21]
- 7–9 April: Blumenthal and Schützenhof subcamps of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Bremen-Farge subcamp.[19][22]
- 10 April: Bremen-Farge subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners either sent on death marches to Bremervörde and Sandbostel or deported by train towards the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.[16]
- 22 April: Bombing of Bremen in World War II ends.
- Late April: City captured by British forces.
- Wilhelm Kaisen becomes mayor.
1946-1990s
edit- 1947 – State of Bremen reestablished.
- 1949 – Becomes a constituent state of West Germany.
- 1956 – Population: 507,952.
- 1964 – Bremen-Arena opens.
- 1966
- 28 January: Airplane crash.
- Bürgerschaft (parliament) building and Zoo Bremen[23] open.
- 1983 – Bremer Shakespeare Company founded.
- 1986 – Bremen TV tower erected.
- 1990 – Population: 551,219.
- 1992 – Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen active.
- 1999
- 6 June: Bremen state election, 1999 held.
- Fatih Mosque, Bremen built.
21st century
edit- 2003
- City hosts the 2003 European Karate Championships.
- 25 May: Bremen state election, 2003 held.
- 2005 – Jens Böhrnsen becomes mayor.[24]
- 2007 – 13 May: Bremen state election, 2007 held.
- 2010 – Bremen S-Bahn begins operating.
- 2011 – 22 May: Bremen state election, 2011 held.
- 2012 – Population: 547,976.
- 2014 – City hosts the 2014 World Karate Championships.
- 2015 - 10 May: 2015 Bremen state election
- 2015 - 17 July: Carsten Sieling becomes mayor.
- 2019 - 26 May: 2019 Bremen state election
- 2019 - 15 August: Andreas Bovenschulte becomes mayor.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Britannica 1910.
- ^ Philippe Dollinger (1970). The German Hansa. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0742-8.
- ^ A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Haydn 1910.
- ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Deutschland: Bremen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ^ a b c d Brockhaus 1896.
- ^ a b Lee 1999.
- ^ "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
- ^ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- ^ "Germany: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 52.
- ^ Cygański, p. 54
- ^ "Arbeitserziehungslager Bremen-Blumenthal". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen (2nd SS Construction Brigade)". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen-Farge". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen-Hindenburgkaserne". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen-Neuenland". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen-Blumenthal". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen-Obernheide". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen-Osterort". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Bremen-Schützenhof". KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
editin English
edit- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Bremen", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Bremen". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Bremen", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Bremen". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
- "Bremen", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1873
- "Bremen". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
- John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Bremen", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Bremen", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- "Bremen". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Bremen", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 493–494.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Bremen", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- Joseph Lins (1913). "Bremen". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Wilson King (1914), Chronicles of Three Free Cities: Hamburg Bremen, Lübeck, London: Dent
- Robert Lee (1999). "Urban Labor Markets, In-Migration, and Demographic Growth: Bremen, 1815–1914". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 30 (3): 437–473. JSTOR 206909.
- Robert Lee & Peter Marschalck (2002). "Port-city legacy: urban demographic change in the Hansestadt Bremen, 1815-1910". In Richard Lawton & W. Robert Lee (eds.). Population and Society in Western European Port Cities, c.1650-1939. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-435-7.
in German
edit- "Stadt Bremen". Topographia Saxoniae Inferioris. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. 1653. p. 60+.
- Karl von Hegel (1891). "Bremen". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. hdl:2027/wu.89094689700 – via HathiTrust.
- "Bremen". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064452.
- Wilhelm von Bippen (1904), Geschichte der Stadt Bremen, Halle: C.E. Müller, OL 20530009M
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Bremen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Bremen [Chronicles of the German Cities]. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 37. Leipzig: S. Hirzel. 1968.
External links
edit- Europeana. Items related to Bremen, various dates
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Bremen.