Wikipedia

Timeline of Coimbatore

See also: History of Coimbatore

This is a timeline list of major events in the history of Coimbatore, a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Perur Patteswarar temple is one of the oldest temples in Coimbatore. Records indicate that the mandapam alone was built in the 6th century.
The Rajakesari Peruvazhi is an ancient Chola highway used for Roman and early European trade. The 10th century inscription mentions repairs made by the Chola king.
Marudhamalai temple is constructed in the 12th century.
Tipu Sultan resided in Coimbatore occasionally. He built a provincial palace and the Kottaimedu mosque in the second half of the 18th century.
CSI Immanuel Church, one of the oldest churches in Coimbatore, established in 1830.
Clock tower installed in memory of A.T. Thiruvenkataswamy Mudaliar in 1877.
Town Hall launched in 1892.
Saidapet Agricultural School moved to Coimbatore in 1906, becomes Madras Agricultural College and later Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in 1971.
Lakshmi Mills, one of the earliest spinning mills, is inaugurated in 1910 by G. Kuppuswami Naidu.
Sugarcane Breeding Institute was established in 1912. The sugarcane varieties developed at Coimbatore go on to support sugarcane industries of 22 countries globally by the 1960s.
Central Studios was started in 1935 by B. Rangaswamy Naidu, Samikannu Vincent, and others.
US planes from U.S. Lend-Leases are put into commission at HMS Vairi. During WW2 Coimbatore had two British bases: HMS Garuda (at Peelamedu) and HMS Vairi (Sulur)
Many Tamil Cinema greats had association with the early Coimbatore film industry. MGR's hit movie Malaikkallan was shot at Pakshiraja Studios in 1954. Sivaji Ganesan's famous film Maragatham was shot in 1959.
Stamp release at World Classical Tamil Conference 2010.
Coimbatore airport becomes an International Airport in 2012 after Cabinet approval.
Tejas Squadron (The Flying Daggers) shifts base from Bengaluru to Sulur Air Force Station in Jul, 2018.

Early history

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BCE

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1st to 4th century

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  • The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the Cheras during Sangam period. It served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap, the principal trade route between the west coast and Tamil Nadu.
  • The Kosar tribe mentioned in the second century AD Tamil epic Silappathikaram and other poems in Sangam literature is associated with the Coimbatore region.
  • The region was located along an ancient Roman trade route that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu.

6th century

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  • Perur Pateeswarar Temple mandapam was built by Pallava king Narasinga Potharanya II (Rajasimha Varman). (The mandapam has fourteen huge pillars carved intricately with images of the deities.)[1]

9th century

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10th century

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  • The medieval Cholas conquered Kongu Nadu in the 10th century.
  • `Rajakesari Perivazhi` (highways) running through the region were reinforced by Chola King Adhitan. As per inscriptions in both Tamil & Vattezhuthu (verse) found in Sundakkamuthur record this. (The peruvazhi connected west and east coasts. It also supported trade between Cholas and the Romans over time.)[2]

12th century

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15th century

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16th century

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  • 1511: Vyasaraja the Madhva saint and scholar visits Coimbatore and its neighbourhood. The saint installed the Hanuman idol on R. G. Street.[4] (The saint also performed his Chaturmasya Vratam here.)
  • In the 1550s, the Madurai Nayaks, who were the military chiefs of the Vijaynagara Empire, took charge of the region.

17th century

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  • Madurai Nayaks established their territory as an independent kingdom after the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 17th century. (They introduced the Palayakkarar system by which the Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 Palayams.)

18th century

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  • 1776: Tipu Sultan builds Kottaimedu mosque in Coimbatore, 4 years before he takes over as the Ruler of Mysore kingdom.
  • 1789: Tipu Sultan amasses army in Coimbatore (Dec 1789). On 28 December Tipu's army attacks the Kingdom of Travancore led by Raman Kesavan Pillai in the Battle of Nedumkotta.[5]
  • 1790: Records of Tipu's provincial palace in Coimbatore. As per Francis Skelly's despatch to Major General Charles Stuart on 1 August 1790 the existence of an "excellent" palace is recorded. (The place, missing in modern times, had "large and lofty" chambers, and walls covered with polished chunam that looked like marble. The palace also had valuable ivory and sandal wood objects.)[6]
  • 1790: British East India company takes Coimbatore. The company led by General William Medows take control of Coimbatore (which was evacuated by Tipu) and a significant part of Coimbatore district. (Tipu pushes back and gains territory but the company retains control of Coimbatore).[5]
  • 1791: Coimbatore fort destroyed: Tipu's Armies led by Qamar ud-Din defeated the British East India company in the Siege of Coimbatore. (The fort was built during Vijayanagar times. Kottaimedu area of Coimbatore was the location of the erstwhile fort).
  • 1799: Following the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed Coimbatore to the Madras Presidency in 1799.

19th century

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  • 1801: The Coimbatore region played a prominent role in the Second Poligar War (1801) when it was under the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.
  • 1804: Coimbatore was made a district and as the district headquarters on 24 November. (The Coimbatore district then included the current districts of Nilgiris, Tirupur, Erode, and parts of Kerala.)[7]
  • 1830: CSI Immanuel Church established in 1830.[8]
  • 1860: St. Michael's Higher Secondary School was established.
  • 1862: Podanur Railway junction built. It is the oldest in the entire southern region. (Even Chennai Central Junction was built nine years after Podanur. Many freedom fighters have visited.)[9]
  • 1862: Stanes Anglo Indian Higher School was established.[10]
  • 1865: Coimbatore Prison is partially occupied and operations begin while construction continues.[11]
  • 1866: Municipality of Coimbatore was established in 1866 according to the Town Improvements Act of 1865[12] with Rober Stanes, a renowned industrialist as its first Chairman.[13] (The early days of the municipality were difficult as it had to tackle plague epidemics and earthquakes.)[12]
  • 1867: The first group of students appeared for the SSLC Examinations from Coimbatore.
  • 1867: St. Michael's cathedral consecrated. (8 April)
  • 1872: CSI All Souls Church consecrated on 27 January 1872. It cost Rs 20,000 and took 6 years to build.[14]
  • 1877: Clock tower installed at Town Hall in memory of A.T. Thiruvenkataswamy Mudaliar.[15]
  • 1880: St. Francis Anglo Indian Girls High School was established.
  • 1880: Coimbatore Kalanidhi, one of the earliest Tamil newspapers was started by S. P. Narasimhalu Naidu. (The newspaper was a contemporary of the 'Salem Desabhimani' (1880) and predates the 'Swadesamitran' (1982)).[16]
  • 1883: The first financial institution/bank Coimbatore Janopakara Nidhi Limited setup by C. Sadasivam Mudaliar (22 June 1883). (A corpus of One lakh rupees, 2,000 shares of Rs. 50 each, was deployed at inauguration.)[17]
  • 1892: Victoria Town Hall built in the City with contributions from the Municipality and citizens. (S. P. Narasimhalu Naidu contributed Rs. 1,000 and helped raise funds from the public for the construction of the building.)[18]

20th century

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  • 1900: Nallepilly earthquake impacts Coimbatore on 8 February 1900. 6 on Reichter scale. (Clock tower and Central jail had damages.[19] The eastern bell tower of St. Michael's Cathedral also collapsed.[20])
  • 1903: Plague hits Coimbatore.[21]
  • 1904: Plague deaths in Coimbatore total 1122 in the year.
  • 1908: V. O. Chidambaram Pillai jailed at Coimbatore Central Prison for two years. He was put to hard labour and yolked to an oil press earning him the name Chekkiluththa Chemmal.[22]
  • 1909: Plague again in Coimbatore.[21] 1071 people die from plague.
  • 1912: Sugarcane Breeding Institute, was established by the Department of Agriculture, Madras Presidency. Dr. Charles Alfred Barber, botanist, was the first Head of the Institute & Government Sugarcane Expert.[23]
  • 1914: Samikannu Vincent builds first theatre in South India - the Variety Hall Talkies near Town Hall, now called Delite theatre.[24]
  • 1916: Sambandhan Mudaliar becomes Chairman of the Coimbatore Municipality. (Sambhandan street is later named after him.)[25]
  • 1917: Plague impacts Coimbatore.[21]
  • 1921: C.S. Rathinasabapathy Mudaliar becomes Chairman of the Coimbatore Municipality for 14 years from 1921. (DB road (Divan Bahadur) is later named after him. R. S. Puram is also named after him.)[26]
  • 1921: Mapilla Wagon tragedy at Podanur. 67 dead bodies of protesters tumbled out of a goods wagon in a train coming from Malabar region. The victims had suffocated in the wagon and they were those arrested by the Malabar police earlier during the violence. (19 November 1921)[27]
  • 1925: Mahatma Gandhi visits Coimbatore, arrives at Podanur Junction on 19 March 1925.[9]
  • 1928: Moses Gnanabaranam Eye Hospital instituted. Arogyaswamy Pillai gave away his bungalow, Arogya Vilas on Big Bazaar Street to make way for the Hospital in memory of his late father.[28]
  • 1929: Siruvani water reaches Coimbatore on 26 April, thanks to Rathinasabapathy Mudaliar, after nearly 9 years of work on the project.[29]
  • 1934: Jupiter Pictures, a feature film production company, was founded by M. Somasundaram and S.K. Mohideen.
  • 1934: Municipality elects its first woman Chairman, K. Thankamma Jacob.[30]
  • 1935: Central Studios is started by B. Rangaswamy Naidu and others.[31]
  • 1940: Coimbatore Domestic Airport is opened for operating small aircraft.
  • 1940: Coimbatore District Chess Association is formed. It is the earliest chess organisation in India.[32]
  • 1941: World War 2 evacuees camp setup including Maltese, Greek and some Burmese.
  • 1942: HMS Garuda was commissioned on 1 October 1942 at Peelamedu. It was a Royal Navy Aircraft repair yard with a capacity of 180 aircraft.[33]
  • 1943: Plague and Cholera outbreak in Coimbatore.
  • 1944: US planes from U.S. Lend-Leases are put into commission at HMS Vairi received by the British (The Royal Navy Air Station in Sulur, Coimbatore.)
  • 1945: Pakshiraja Studios is established by S. M. Sriramulu Naidu. (The studio made block buster movies like MGR starer Malaikkallan(1955) and Meena Kumari starer Azaad (1955).)
  • 1945: Hellcats operate out of HMS Garuda (Peelamedu) between September and October. The Hellcats were from HMS Emperor, HMS Ameer and HMS Khedive.[33]
  • 1946: HMS Vairi was decommissioned on 1 April 1946.[33]
  • 1948: Nava India a Tamil daily founded by Prof P.R. Ramakrishnan (PRR) with V.N. Ramaswami as its Editor.[34]
  • 1950: Douglas DC-3 VT-CFK Plane crash near Kotagiri. On 13 December 1950, a Douglas DC-3 carrying 17 passengers and four crew from Bombay to Coimbatore, crashed into high ground near Kotagiri due to a navigational error, killing all on board.[35]
  • 1953: Coimbatore Rifle club inaugurated. (Has since generated many young champions)[36]
  • 1955: Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visit the city. They visit Athar Jamad Masjid and a farm in city outskirts. (The farm is later called Bulganin Thottam.)[37]
  • 1960s: Coimbatore developed sugarcane varieties at Sugarcane Breeding Institute were supporting the sugarcane industries of 22 countries globally.[38]
  • 1965: VOC Park and Zoo inaugurated.
  • 1966: All India Radio launches its Coimbatore broadcast from Chettipalayam transmission station on 18 December 1966.
  • 1968: Hotel Annapoorna's first branch started by K. Dhamodarasamy Naidu. (They started modestly as a small shop at Kennedy theatre and expanded to 18+ branches.)[39]
  • 1971: Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium was constructed.[40]
  • 1976: 45 political prisoners were arrested during the emergency and jailed under Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) on 31 January 1976 in the Coimbatore Central jail.[41]
  • 1981: Coimbatore upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1981, the third in Tamil Nadu.[42]
  • 1982: Bharathiar University established in Coimbatore.
  • 1983: Inland Container Depot (ICD) begins operations at Irugur. Port Kochi functions as the outport.[43]
  • 1987: Coimbatore airport runway enhanced to accommodate larger aircraft like the Boeing 737.
  • 1998: 12 blasts across 11 locations rock Coimbatore on 14 February 1998. 58 were killed and over 200 injured. (L. K. Advani, BJP leader, was in the city for election meetings.)[44]

21st century

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b R., Suryanarayanan (27 May 2005). "Rich in history and architecture". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 December 2018.[dead link‍]
  2. ^ M. Soundariya, Preetha (30 June 2007). "Tale of an ancient road". The Hindu. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  3. ^ "The might of Marudhamalai". The Hindu. 26 August 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  4. ^ Govindarajulu, Rajesh (4 September 2015). "Hidden histories: A saint in Coimbatore". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  5. ^ a b Wenger, Estefania (1 March 2017). Tipu Sultan: A Biography. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789386367440.
  6. ^ Olikara, Nidhin G (27 February 2012). "'Wealth of the sea' and other palaces". The Deccan herald. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
  7. ^ P, Sangeetha (24 November 2018). "Coimbatore is a self-made city, say experts". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  8. ^ "Prayers mark church's 175th anniversary". The Hindu. 27 January 2005. Retrieved 4 December 2018.[dead link‍]
  9. ^ a b V. S., Palaniappan (11 January 2016). "Podanur - welcoming in the first train". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  10. ^ "Learn to defeat problems with confidence: Kalam". The Hindu. 16 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  11. ^ Augustus Nicholson, Sir Frederick (1887). Manual of the Coimbatore District in the Presidency of Madras. Madras: Madras Presidency. pp. 343, 344.
  12. ^ a b Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. 10. Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 371–372.
  13. ^ S. Muthiah (14 April 2003). "'Golden Tips' in the Nilgiris". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 July 2003. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  14. ^ "The western sentinel of Race Course". The Hindu. 24 December 2009.
  15. ^ Srinivasan, Pankaja (5 January 2011). "Nurturing a heritage for posterity". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  16. ^ Muthiah, S (25 September 2017). "The first Tamil newspapers". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  17. ^ Govindarajulu, Rajesh (19 December 2014). "Hidden histories: the early banks of Coimbatore". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  18. ^ G, Satyamurty (4 January 2009). "A reformer journalist". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  19. ^ K.A, Shaji (9 August 2015). "Nallepilly, a reminder of quake". The Hindu. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  20. ^ R. Vincy, Infanta (2 May 2016). "More awareness needed on earthquake". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  21. ^ a b c Govindarajulu, Rajesh (31 October 2014). "The plague chronicles". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  22. ^ M.K., Ananth (19 November 2015). "A memorial for VOC". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  23. ^ S, Muthiah (14 September 2014). "Madras miscellany: Oxford professor without a degree". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  24. ^ a b K, Jeshi (14 March 2014). "Born in Coimbatore". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  25. ^ Ramkumar, Pratiksha (17 August 2014). "The street with a 'fragrant' past". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  26. ^ G., Satyamurty (9 January 2009). "Who made a village into a city". The Hindu. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  27. ^ V. S., Palaniappan (11 January 2016). "Podanur - welcoming in the first train". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  28. ^ Govindarajulu, Rajesh (17 July 2015). "The helping hand of M.G. Arogyaswamy Pillai". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  29. ^ K, Jeshi (8 May 2015). "The Siruvani story". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  30. ^ Devika, J. (2005). Her-self: early writings on gender by Malayalee women, 1898-1938. Popular Prakashan. p. 112.
  31. ^ K, Jeshi (9 January 2011). "Cinema and the city". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  32. ^ "A day to remember for CDCA". The Hindu. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  33. ^ a b c Chatterji, Adhar Kumar (1985). Naval aviation: a world history. Allied. p. 151.
  34. ^ Govindarajulu, Rajesh (3 April 2015). "The News, read by Coimbatore". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  35. ^ "VT-CFK". 11 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  36. ^ "Rifle club reopens membership". The Hindu. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  37. ^ "When the curd-seller came home". The Hindu. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  38. ^ Thuljaram Rao, J. (1963). "Tiruvadi Sambasiva Venkataraman: 1884–1963" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy. 11: 122–133. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2018.
  39. ^ K, Jeshi (23 February 2017). "Where comfort food is better than home". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  40. ^ LN, Revathy (20 November 2017). "Coimbatore to host I-League matches this season". THe Hindu BusinessLine. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  41. ^ "MISA prisoners share memories in reunion". The Hindu. 1 February 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  42. ^ Palanithurai, Ganapathy (2007). A handbook for panchayati raj administration (Tamil Nadu). Concept Publishing Company. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-8069-340-3.
  43. ^ Turner, B (2005). The Statesman's Yearbook 2005: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. UK: Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 856. ISBN 978-0-230-27133-3.
  44. ^ F. Burns, John (16 February 1998). "Toll From Bombing in India Rises to 50 Dead and 200 Hurt". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
  45. ^ "Journey for unity marks inauguration of Coimbatore Vizha". The Hindu. 4 January 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  46. ^ "World Tamil meet song penned by M.Karunanidhi and set to tune by A.R.Rahman". The Hindu. 21 May 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  47. ^ "Best Corporation Award: and the credit goes to…?". Coimbatore. The Hindu. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  48. ^ Srinivasan, Pankaja (7 October 2013). "Coimbatore can run". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  49. ^ Krishnan, Vivek (22 December 2017). "Chennai City to stay at Kovai for next 5 years". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  50. ^ "Inside Tamil Nadu's first police museum". The Hindu. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  51. ^ Madhavan, Karthik (29 January 2018). "Bulls, owners, players and public have a great time at Coimbatore Jallikattu". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  52. ^ "Revealed - India's top 10 police stations among 14,850". DNA. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  53. ^ "Flying Daggers of IAF shifted to Sulur Air Base with Tejas in its armoury". The Hindu. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
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