The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Homs, Syria.

Prior to 7th century

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7th–19th centuries

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  • 636 – Siege of Emesa, city was captured by Rashidun Caliphate.
  • 750 – Abbasids wrested control of Homs.
  • 855 – Christian population revolted in response to additional taxation under the reign of Caliph al-Mutawakkil.[3]
  • 891 – al-Yaqubi noted that Homs was situated along a broad river (Orontes River) which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants.[4]
  • 944 – Hamdanids took control of the city.
  • 975 – Byzantine empire under John Tzimiskes took control of the city.
  • 1090 – Seljuk Turks occupied Homs under the leadership of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib.[5]
  • 1149 – The Mosul-based Zengids under Nur al-Din captured the city.[6]
  • 1154 – Al-Idrisi mentioned that Homs was populous, contained open markets, and was frequented by travelers. The residents were pleasant; living with them is easy. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin."[7]
  • 1164 – Asad ad-Din Shirkuh became Homs' fief, later known as “Emir of Homs”.
  • 1175 – Saladin gained control of the city.
  • 1225 – Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.[8]
  • 1355 – Ibn Batuta visited Homs, writing that it had fine trees and good markets.
  • 1400 – Timur seized the city. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in Aleppo, Hama and later Damascus, due to a man called “‘Amr bin al-Rawas” who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city.[9]
  • 1510 – al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets.[6]
  • 1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
  • 1549 – Homs Sanjak was created as part of Ottoman Aleppo Eyalet.
  • 1579 – Homs is under Ottoman Tripoli Eyalet.
  • 1785 – French traveler, Volney wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition.
  • 1832–1840 – city was occupied by Muhammad Ali's Egypt led by Ibrahim Pasha.[10][11]
  • 1855 – National Evangelical School was founded by American missionaries.[12]
  • 1860s – The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored.[6]
  • 1864 – Homs became part of Ottoman Syria Vilayet.
  • 1870s – Homs' economic importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its cotton industry boomed due to a decline European textile production. One British consul referred to Homs as the "Manchester of Syria."[6]
  • 1887 – Al Ghassania Orthodox School was established.[13]

20th century

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21st century

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dumper, 2007, p. 171.
  2. ^ a b Cook, 1907, p. 362.
  3. ^ Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97.
  4. ^ le Strange, 1890, p. 353.
  5. ^ Dumper, 2007, p. 172.
  6. ^ a b c d e Dumper, 2007, p. 173.
  7. ^ le Strange, 1890, p. 354.
  8. ^ Yaqut al-Hamawi quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356.
  9. ^ Mohammad Amin Sheikho (2011). حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني (in Arabic). دار نور البشير. p. 43.
  10. ^ Collelo, Thomas (1987). "Syria – Ottoman Empire". Syria: A Country Study. GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  11. ^ Shaw, 1977, p. 33
  12. ^ "Rev. H.H. Jessup Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. 29 April 1910.
  13. ^ معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم والثقافة خلال قرن من الزمن. Zaman Alwsl (in Arabic). 1 February 2014.
  14. ^ متحف حمص. Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums (in Arabic). 13 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  15. ^ Cleveland, 2000, p. 215.
  16. ^ "Military Training". All Refer. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  17. ^ Commins, 2004, p. 130.
  18. ^ Seale, 2007, p. 210.
  19. ^ Winckler, 1998, p. 72.
  20. ^ افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي. Discover-Syria (in Arabic). 27 June 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  21. ^ Population Census Report (1981), Central Bureau of Statistics
  22. ^ PUN Demographic Yearbook (1999)
  23. ^ Bassel al-Assad Stadium in Homs
  24. ^ General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate. (in Arabic)
  25. ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
  26. ^ Nicholas Blanford (8 May 2014). "Retreat from Homs: Assad conquers cradle of revolution". The Times. United Kingdom.

Bibliography

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34°43′51″N 36°42′34″E / 34.73083°N 36.70944°E / 34.73083; 36.70944