Timeline of Lübeck

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

Prior to 13th century

1138 – Town sacked.^[1]
1143 – New town founded by Adolf II of Holstein near site of old town.^[1]
1158 – Town ceded by Adolf II of Holstein to Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony.^[2]
1160 – Seat of Catholic diocese of Lübeck relocated to Lübeck from Oldenburg in Holstein.^[3]
1173 – Lübeck Cathedral construction begins.^[4]
1177 – Benedictine St.-Johannis-Kloster (Lübeck) [de] founded.^[4]
1188 – Town charter issued by Henry the Lion.^[1]

13th–15th centuries

1201 – Danes in power.^[4]
1210 – Lübeck Cathedral construction completed (approximate date).^[4]
1226 – Lübeck becomes an Imperial Free City.^[5]
1250 – Petrikirche (Lübeck) [de] (church) built.^[6]
1310 – Marienkirche (church) built (approximate date).^[7]^[8]
1312 – Heiligen-Geist-Hospital (Lübeck) [de] founded.^[9]
1356 – St. Catherine's Church built (approximate date).
1368 – Hanseatic League adopts Lübeck's city seal.^[1]
1379 – Circle Company founded.^[10]
1408 – Uprising.^[11]
1420 - Paper mill established.^[12]
1442 – Lübeck Town Hall [de] built.^[5]
1444 – Burgtor (city gate) built.
1450 – Merchants Company founded (approximate date).^[10]
1462 – Hinrich Castorp [de] becomes mayor.
1463 – Bernt Notke creates Dance of Death artwork for the Marienkirche.^[13]
1475 - Printing press in operation.^[14]
1477
- Crucifix created by Bernt Notke erected in Lübeck Cathedral.
- Holstentor (city gate) built.^[9]
1491 – Artist Hans Memling creates triptych for the Lübeck Cathedral.^[9]

16th–18th centuries

1515 – St. Anne's Priory built.
1530 – Protestant reformation.^[4]
1531 – Katharineum (school) opens.^[15]
1533 – Jürgen Wullenwever becomes mayor.^[15]
1535 – Shipowners' Guild house built.^[9]
1586 – Outer Holstentor (city gate) built.
1630 – Last Hanseatic Diet meets at Lübeck.^[1]
1668 – Dieterich Buxtehude becomes organist at the Marienkirche.^[16]
1697 – Buthman's Bierstube (tavern) in business.^[17]
1793 – Gesellschaft zur Beförderung gemeinnütziger Tätigkeit (charitable society) established.

19th century

Battle of Lübeck

1801 – City "temporarily occupied" by Danes.^[1]
1802 – Town walls dismantled.^[7]
1806 – 6 November: City captured by French forces.^[4]
1810 – 12 November: City becomes part of the French Empire.^[5]
1813 – French occupation ends.
1815
- Recognized as a free city by the Congress of Vienna.
- Joins the German Confederation.
1825 – Navigation School founded.^[15]
1832 – Lübecker General-Anzeiger newspaper begins publication.
1835 – Lübeckische Blätter [de] (newspaper) in publication.
1851 – Population: town 26,093; territory 54,166.^[2]
1857 - Population: town 30,717; territory 49,324.^[18]
1866 – Joins the North German Confederation.^[7]
1867 – Wilhelm-Theater opens.^[19]
1868
- Joins the German Customs Union.^[7]
- Schiffergesellschaft (restaurant) in operation.^[17]
1871 – Joins the German Empire.
1874 – Aegidienkirche (Lübeck) [de] (church) restored.^[9]
1875 – Population: 44,799.^[7]
1890 – Population: town 63,590; territory 76,485.^[7]
1891 – Sacred Heart Church consecrated.
1893 – Museum am Dom (Lübeck) [de] built.
1900 – Elbe-Trave canal opens.^[1]

20th century

Lübeck at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

1904 – City Theatre opens.^[19]
1905 – Population: town 91,541; state 105,857.^[4]
1915 – St. Anne's Museum opens.
1917 – Lübeck Airport constructed.
1919
- Lübeck joins the Weimar Republic.
- Ballsportverein Vorwärts Lübeck (sport club) formed.
- Population: town 113,071.^[20]
1921 – Sportvereinigung Polizei Lübeck (sport club) formed.
1924 – Stadion an der Lohmühle (stadium) opens.
1937 – The Greater Hamburg Act merges Lübeck into the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein and it loses its status as an independent free city.
1940 – Oflag X-C prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers established.
1942 – Bombing of Lübeck in World War II.
1945
- 2 May: City captured by British forces. Oflag X-C POW camp liberated.
- VfB Lübeck sport club formed.
1946 - Lübecker Nachrichten and Lübecker Freie Presse newspapers begin publication.^[21]
1948 – Lübecker Kantorei (choir) founded.
1973 – Lübeck Academy of Music founded.
1982
- Lübeck Museum of Theatre Puppets established.
- Lübeck Cathedral reconstructed.
1987 – City centre becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2000 – Bernd Saxe [de] becomes mayor.

21st century

2001 – International School of New Media established.
2005 – Herren Tunnel opens.
2012 – Population: 211,713.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Pauli & Ashworth 1911.
^ ^a ^b Knight 1866.
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Lins 1913.
^ ^a ^b ^c Townsend 1867.
^ Hirsch 1906.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chambers 1901.
^ Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Freien und Hansestadt Lübeck [Architecture and monuments of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck] (in German). Vol. 2. Lübeck: Bernhard Nöhring. 1906.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Murray 1877.
^ ^a ^b Simon 1993.
^ Rhiman A. Rotz (1977). "The Lübeck Uprising of 1408 and the Decline of the Hanseatic League". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 121 (1): 1–45. JSTOR 986565.
^ Wilhelm Sandermann (2013). "Beginn der Papierherstellung in einigen Landern". Papier: Eine spannende Kulturgeschichte (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-662-09193-7. (timeline)
^ Elina Gertsman (2003). "The Dance of Death in Reval (Tallinn)". Gesta. 42. JSTOR 25067083.
^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Germany: Lubeck". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hoffmann 1908.
^ George Grove, ed. (1879). A Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan.
^ ^a ^b New York Times 2011.
^ Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Deutschland: Lubeck". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
^ ^a ^b "Lübeck". Neuer Theater-Almanach (in German). Berlin: F.A. Günther & Sohn. 1908. hdl:2027/uva.x030515382.
^ "Germany: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
^ "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 7 December 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Lübeck", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Lübeck". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
"Lübeck", Leigh's New Descriptive Road Book of Germany, London: Leigh and Son, 1837
Robert Baird (1842), "Lübeck", Visit to Northern Europe, New York: John S. Taylor & Co., OCLC 8052123
Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Lübeck". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 3. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064802.
George Henry Townsend (1867), "Lübeck", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
"Lübeck". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
John Lalor, ed. (1883). "Lübeck". Cyclopaedia of Political Science. Chicago.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"Lübeck", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1896
"Lübeck". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"Lübeck", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
Pauli, Reinhold; Ashworth, Philip Arthur (1911). "Lübeck" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 85–87.
Joseph Lins (1913). "Lübeck". Catholic Encyclopedia. NY.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Wilson King (1914), Chronicles of Three Free Cities: Hamburg Bremen, Lübeck, London: Dent, OL 6568866M
Eckehard Simon (1993). "Organizing and Staging Carnival Plays in Late Medieval Lübeck: A New Look at the Archival Record". Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 92 (1): 57–72. JSTOR 27710764.
John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Lubeck". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
"Lübeck's Spires, a Quick Hop From Hamburg". New York Times. 5 August 2011.

in German

Zeiller, Martin (1653). "Lübeck". Topographia Saxoniae Inferioris. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. p. 154+.
Ernst Deecke (1881), Die freie und Hanse-Stadt Lübeck (in German) (4th ed.)
Lübeck. Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 19, 26, 28, 30–31. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1884–1911 – via HathiTrust.
Max Hoffmann (1889–1892). Geschichte der Freien und Hansestadt Lübeck (in German).
Ernst Deecke (1891), Lübische Geschichten und Sagen (in German)
Karl von Hegel (1891). "Lübeck". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. hdl:2027/wu.89094689700 – via HathiTrust.
Fritz Hirsch (1906). Die Petrikirche. Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Freien und Hansestadt Lübeck (Architecture and monuments of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck) (in German). Vol. 2. Lübeck: Bernhard Nöhring.
Max Hoffmann (1908). Chronik der Stadt Lübeck (in German). Lübcke & Nöring.
P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Lübeck". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
Lübeck, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 3, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, 1984, ISBN 3891150008
Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Lubeck". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1299+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.

External links

Links to fulltext city directories for Lubeck via Wikisource
Europeana. Items related to Lübeck, various dates.
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Lübeck, various dates

53°52′11″N 10°41′11″E / 53.869722°N 10.686389°E / 53.869722; 10.686389

[FOOTNOTEPauliAshworth1911-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Pauli & Ashworth 1911.

[FOOTNOTEKnight1866-2] Knight 1866.

[katolsk-3] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[FOOTNOTELins1913-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Lins 1913.

[FOOTNOTETownsend1867-5] Townsend 1867.

[FOOTNOTEHirsch1906-6] Hirsch 1906.

[FOOTNOTEChambers1901-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chambers 1901.

[8] Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Freien und Hansestadt Lübeck [Architecture and monuments of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck] (in German). Vol. 2. Lübeck: Bernhard Nöhring. 1906.

[FOOTNOTEMurray1877-9] Murray 1877.

[FOOTNOTESimon1993-10] Simon 1993.

[11] Rhiman A. Rotz (1977). "The Lübeck Uprising of 1408 and the Decline of the Hanseatic League". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 121 (1): 1–45. JSTOR 986565.

[Sandermann2013-12] Wilhelm Sandermann (2013). "Beginn der Papierherstellung in einigen Landern". Papier: Eine spannende Kulturgeschichte (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-662-09193-7. (timeline)

[13] Elina Gertsman (2003). "The Dance of Death in Reval (Tallinn)". Gesta. 42. JSTOR 25067083.

[proctor1898-14] Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Germany: Lubeck". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.

[FOOTNOTEHoffmann1908-15] Hoffmann 1908.

[Fuller-Maitland1879-16] George Grove, ed. (1879). A Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan.

[FOOTNOTENew_York_Times2011-17] New York Times 2011.

[Kolb1862-18] Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Deutschland: Lubeck". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.

[gunther1908-19] "Lübeck". Neuer Theater-Almanach (in German). Berlin: F.A. Günther & Sohn. 1908. hdl:2027/uva.x030515382.

[20] "Germany: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.

[CRL-21] "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 7 December 2013.

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