The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
20th century
edit1900s-1950s
edit- 1909
- 1 September: Elisabethville site designated seat of Katanga province; named after Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium.[1]
- 27 September: Sakania-Elisabethville railway begins operating.[1]
- 1910
- Union Minière du Haut Katanga (mining entity) active.
- Hôpital Gécamines Sud (hospital) and Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Katanga[2] established.
- Population: 360.[3]
- Émile Wangermée becomes vice governor-general of Katanga.[1]
- 1910s - "Governor's Residence and Imara and Twendelee schools" built.[1]
- 1911
- Journal du Katanga newspaper begins publication.[4]
- Population: 1,000.[3]
- Etoile mining begins near Elisabethville.[citation needed]
- Catholic schools Institut Marie-José and Collège Saint-François de Sales established.(fr)
- 1912
- 1918 - Bukama-Elisabethville railway begins operating.
- 1919
- Population: 8,000 (approximate).[3]
- Ruashi mining begins in vicinity of Elisabethville.[citation needed]
- 1920
- "Management of the Union Minière was transferred from the British to the Belgians."[3]
- Catholic Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral built.[chronology citation needed]
- 1920s - "Makutano Club, Jerusalem United Methodist Church, and the Jewish synagogue" built.[1]
- 1921 - Development of Albert I township begins.[1]
- 1928
- Port-Francqui-Elisabethville railway begins operating.
- L'Essor du Congo newspaper begins publication.[4]
- 1930s- "Courthouse and Mazembe stadium" built.[1]
- 1931 - L'Écho du Katanga newspaper begins publication.[4]
- 1932 - Wallace Memorial Church built.[5]
- 1937 - Musée d'Élisabethville (museum) founded.
- 1939 - Football clubs FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo and FC Saint-Georges formed.
- 1941
- 1944 - Premiere of Joseph Kiwele's Cantate à la gloire de la Belgique.[6]
- 1945 - Union Africaine des Arts et Lettres founded.[1]
- 1946 - Académie d'Art Populaire d'Elisabethville founded.[7][2]
- 1949 - Athénée royal built.[8]
- 1950 - Development of Katuba township begins.[1]
- 1950s - "Post office,...CSK headquarters, the theater, St. Mary's Basilica, and the railway headquarters" built.[1]
- 1951 - Académie des Beaux-Arts d'Elisabethville founded.[3]
- 1954
- 1956 - Université officielle du Congo et du Rwanda-Urundi opens.[4]
- 1957
- City "divided into 5 communes, one for Europeans and 4 for Africans."[1]
- December: Local election held.[9]
- 1959
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Elisabethville established.[2]
- Population: 183,711 (estimate).[10]
1960s-1990s
edit- 1960
- June: City becomes part of independent Republic of the Congo.
- July: City becomes capital of breakaway State of Katanga during the Congo Crisis.
- Boniface Mwepu Katentakanya becomes bourgmestre (mayor).
- 1960s - "Gecamines tower and the 2 hospitals" built.[1]
- 1961 - 15 September: Airport bombed by Katangese Air Force.
- 1963 - Mjumbe newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1964 - Stade Albert (stadium) opens.
- 1966 - City becomes capital of Katanga Province.
- 1967
- La Générale des Carrières et des Mines (mining entity) headquartered in city.[11]
- Centre Culturel Français opens.
- 1970
- Elisabethville renamed "Lubumbashi."[1][chronology citation needed]
- Musée national de Lubumbashi (museum) active.
- 1970s - "Hotel Karavia and Mobutu Stadium" built.[1]
- 1971 - City becomes part of Shaba Province in the Republic of Zaire.
- 1972
- Kampemba commune created.[citation needed]
- University's Centre d'études des littératures romanes d'inspiration africaine active.[4][5]
- 1974 - Société nationale des Chemins de fer du Congo (national railway) headquartered in Lubumbashi.[11]
- 1975 - Population: 480,875 (estimate).[12]
- 1977 - Annexe (commune) created.[1][chronology citation needed]
- 1981 - University of Lubumbashi active.
- 1984 - Population: 543,268.[11]
- 1990 - May: Student demonstration at University of Lubumbashi; crackdown.[11]
- 1994 - Population: 851,381 (estimate).[13]
- 1997
- April: Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo take city during the First Congo War.[11]
- Floribert Kaseba Makunko becomes mayor.
- May: City becomes part of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
21st century
edit- 2007 - Moïse Katumbi becomes governor of Katanga Province.
- 2008 - Marie-Grégoire Tambila becomes mayor.
- 2010
- Jean Oscar Sanguza Mutunda becomes mayor.
- Congo Express airline (Kinshasa-Lubumbashi) begins operating.
- Centennial of founding of city.
- 2011
- February: Airport attacked by secessionist Tigers.[14]
- June: Unrest.[14]
- 7 September: Prison break; escapees include warlord Gédéon Kyungu.[15][16]
- Stade TP Mazembe (stadium) opens in Kamalondo.
- 2013 - March: Secessionist Mai-Mai Kata Katanga unrest.[17]
- 2014 - January: Mai-Mai Kata Katanga unrest.[18]
- 2015
- City becomes capital of the newly formed Haut-Katanga Province.
- Population: 2,015,502 (estimate).[13]
- 2016 - December: Political protest.[19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Bilonda 2005.
- ^ a b "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Democratic Republic of the Congo". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d Zeleza 2003.
- ^ a b c d Mukala Kadima Nzuji [in French] (1984). La littérature zaïroise de langue française: 1945-1965 (in French). Paris: Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-100-6.
- ^ Mpala-Lutebele 2013.
- ^ "Democratic Republic of the Congo", Oxford Music Online Retrieved 7 October 2017
- ^ Ilona Szombati-Fabian; Johannes Fabian (1976). "Art, history, and society: Popular painting in Shaba, Zaire". Studies in Visual Communication. 3 (1). ISSN 0276-6558.
- ^ Ugo Carughi; Massimo Visone, eds. (2017). "Africa: Democratic Republic of the Congo". Time Frames: Conservation Policies for Twentieth-Century Architectural Heritage. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-98035-7.
- ^ Rubbens, A. (1958). "Belgian Congo". Civilisations. 8 (2). Institut de Sociologie de l'Université de Bruxelles: 335–340. JSTOR 41230355.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
Elizabethville
- ^ a b c d e f "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1857431834.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1980. New York. pp. 225–252.
- ^ a b Emizet Francois Kisangani (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442273160.
- ^ a b "Deadly gunfight in DR Congo mining capital Lubumbashi", BBC News, 29 June 2011
- ^ Nearly 1,000 escape in Congo jailbreak, Reuters, 7 September 2011
- ^ "Democratic Republic of Congo Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- ^ "DR Congo forces clash with militia in Lubumbashi", BBC News, 23 March 2013
- ^ "DR Congo's Lubumbashi hit by fighting", BBC News, 7 January 2014
- ^ "'20 dead' in DRC protests after president's term expires", Guardian, UK, 20 December 2016
Bibliography
editin English
edit- Bruce Fetter (1974). "African associations in Elisabethville, 1910-1935". Études d'Histoire Africaine (6). ISSN 0071-1993.
- Bruce Fetter (1976). The Creation of Elisabethville, 1910-1940. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. ISBN 978-0-8179-6551-8.
- André Yav (1990). Johannes Fabian (ed.). History from Below: The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by André Yav: Text, Translations and Interpretive Essay. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-272-7825-8.
- Peter C Alegi (1999). "Katanga vs Johannesburg: a history of the first sub-Saharan African football championship, 1949–50". Kleio. 31: 55–74. doi:10.1080/00232089985310041.
- Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415234795.
- Michel Lwamba Bilonda (2005). "Lubumbashi". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Johan Lagae (2016) [2010]. "From 'Patrimoine Partage' to 'Whose Heritage'?: critical reflections on colonial built heritage in the city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo". In T. Fenster; H. Yacobi (eds.). Remembering, forgetting and city builders. Routledge. ISBN 978-1315605227.
- Sofie Boonen; et al. (2015). "A city constructed by 'des gens d'ailleurs': urban development and migration policies in colonial Lubumbashi, 1910-1930". Comparativ. 15 (4). ISSN 0940-3566.
- Sofie Boonen; Johan Lagae (2015). "Scenes from a changing colonial 'Far West': picturing the early urban landscape and colonial society of cosmopolitan Lubumbashi, 1910-1931". Stichproben: Wiener Zeitschrift für Kritische Afrikastudien (28). ISSN 1992-8629.
- Johan Lagae; et al. (2016). "M(g)r. De Hemptin(n)e, I Presume? Transforming Local Memory Through Toponymy in Colonial/Post-Colonial Lubumbashi, DR Congo". In L. Bigon (ed.). Place Names in Africa: Colonial Urban Legacies, Entangled Histories. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-32485-2.
in French
edit- Noël van Malleghem (1950). "L'urbanisation d'Elisabethville". L'urbanisme au Congo Belge (in French). Brussels: Ministère des Colonies.
- A. Chapelier (1957), Elisabethville: essai de Géographie urbaine (in French), Brussels: Académie royale des sciences coloniales
- Jean-Claude Bruneau [in French]; M. Mbuyu (1983). "Passe, present et avenir possible de l'urbanisme a Lubumbashi". Zaïre-Afrique (in French). ISSN 0049-8513.
- Jean-Claude Bruneau; M.-T. Lootens-De-Muynck (1985). "Dynamique démographique des quartiers de Lubumbashi des origines à nos jours". Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 38 – via Persee.fr.
- Jean-Claude Bruneau; Marc Pain (1990). Atlas de Lubumbashi (in French). Paris. ISBN 978-2950490100.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Lubumbashi, capitale minière du Katanga, 1910-2010 (in French). Éditions Lieux Dits. 2008. ISBN 9782914528535.
- Maëline Le Lay and Christian Kunda (2009). "Théâtre au Katanga: aperçu historique". Études Littéraires Africaines (in French) (27): 18. doi:10.7202/1034302ar. ISSN 0769-4563 – via Erudit.org.
- Bogumil Jewsiewicki; et al., eds. (2010). Lubumbashi, 1910-2010: mémoire d'une ville industrielle (in French and Swahili). Paris: Harmattan. ISBN 978-2296096608.
- Maurice Amuri Mpala-Lutebele (2013). Lubumbashi, cent ans d'histoire (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782343013992.
External links
edit- "(Lubumbashi)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "(Elisabethville-Lubumbashi)". Mukanda: ressources documentaires sur l'Afrique centrale (in French). France: University of Lorraine. (Bibliography)
- "(Lubumbashi)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Lubumbashi)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Lubumbashi)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Lubumbashi)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 2016-09-29. (Bibliography)
- "(Lubumbashi)". Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium: Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography) (see also "Elisabethville")
Images
edit-
Union Minière du Haut Katanga mining facility at Elisabethville, 1917 -
Baluba refugee camp near Elisabethville, 1962, during Congo Crisis -
Map of central Lubumbashi, 1978 -
OpenStreetMap activity in Lubumbashi, 2014
