The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mannheim, Germany.
Prior to 19th century
edit- 1606 - Mannheimer Rheinschanze (fortification) construction begins.
- 1607 - Mannheim granted town privileges by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine.[1]
- 1622 - Thirty Years' War: Capture of Mannheim by Imperial-Spanish forces.
- 1660 - Synagogue built.(de)
- 1688 - Manheim taken by French forces during the Nine Years' War.[1]
- 1689 - Fire.[1]
- 1701 - Almshouse (predecessor of university hospital mannheim) founded[2]
- 1706 - Lemle-Moses-Klaussynagoge founded.
- 1720 - Residence of Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine relocated to Mannheim from Heidelberg.[1]
- 1729 - Population: 15,760.(de)
- 1731 - Mannheim Palace Church built.
- 1756 - Jesuit Church, Mannheim built.
- 1759 - Mannheim Palace completed.[1]
- 1766 - Population: 24,190.(de)
- 1771 - Town Hall built.[1]
- 1774 - Mannheim Observatory tower built.
- 1775 - Deutsche Gesellschaft in Mannheim active.[3]
- 1779
- Zeughaus (Mannheim) (arsenal) built.
- Mannheim National Theatre founded.
- 1782 - 13 January: Premiere of Schiller's play The Robbers.
- 1788 - Palais Bretzenheim built.
- 1794 - French in power.[1]
- 1795
- Mannheim besieged during the Campaigns of 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars.[1]
- Austrians in power.[1]
19th century
edit- 1803 - Mannheim becomes part of the Electorate of Baden.[1]
- 1806 - Mannheim becomes part of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
- 1819 - March: Writer August von Kotzebue assassinated.[1]
- 1828 - Mannheim Harbour opens on the Rhine river.
- 1837 - Mannheimer Journal newspaper begins publication.[4]
- 1840 - Heidelberg-Mannheim railway begins operating.
- 1849 - Political unrest during the Baden Revolution.[1]
- 1855 - Hauptsynagoge (Mannheim) (synagogue) built.
- 1859 - Heinrich Lanz AG machinery manufactory in business.
- 1876 - Mannheim Hauptbahnhof (train station) built.
- 1880 - Population: 53,465.[5]
- 1891 - Mannheim Fire Brigade active.
- 1895 - Friesenheimer Insel becomes part of Mannheim.[6]
- 1896 - Population: 94,160.(de)
- 1897 - Käfertal becomes part of Mannheim.[6]
- 1899 - Neckarau becomes part of Mannheim.[6]
- 1900 - Population: 141,131.[7]
20th century
edit1900s-1940s
edit
- 1905 - Population: 162,607.[1]
- 1907
- Industriehafen Mannheim (harbour) opens on the Neckar river.
- Stadtarchiv Mannheim (city archives) established.
- Kunsthalle Mannheim (exhibit hall) built.
- SV Waldhof Mannheim (sport club) formed.
- Population: 173,424.(de)
- 1910 - Feudenheim becomes part of Mannheim.[6]
- 1911
- Christuskirche (Mannheim) (church) built.
- Population: 200,285.(de)
- 1912 - Mannheim Firehouse built.
- 1913 - Rheinau and Sandhofen become part of Mannheim.[6]
- 1914 - Bachchor Mannheim (choir) formed.
- 1919 - Population: 229,576.[8]
- 1924 - Mannheim Hospital (now University Hospital Mannheim) opened on the banks of the river Neckar[9]
- 1925 - "Neue Sachlichkeit" art exhibition held.
- 1926 - Airfield established at Neuostheim.
- 1929 - Wallstadt becomes part of Mannheim.[6]
- 1930
- Friedrichsfeld, Kirschgartshausen, Sandtorf, Seckenheim, Straßenheim become part of Mannheim.[6]
- Population: 271,833.(de)
- 1938
- November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
- Landkreis Mannheim (district) formed.
- Eisstadion am Friedrichspark (ice rink) built.
- 1940 - Bombing of Mannheim in World War II begins.[10]
- 1944
- September: Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp established for Poles deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising.[11][12]
- 2 October: First attempt to escape from the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp.[11]
- 15 December: Three Polish prisoners of the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp killed in an Allied bombing.[11]
- 1945
- 4 January: Public execution of a Polish prisoner of the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp.[11]
- February: Some prisoners deported from the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp to forced labour in Kochendorf.[11]
- March: Remaining prisoners deported to Vaihingen an der Enz and Kochendorf; Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp dissolved.[11]
- 29 March: Americans capture the city.
- 6 April: Prisoner of War Executive (PWX) Camp No. 1 for liberated Allied POWs established.[13]
- June: The PWX Camp No. 1 converted into the Polish PWX Camp No. 1.[14]
- July: United States Coleman Army Airfield begins operating.
- 1946
- Mannheimer Morgen newspaper begins publication.[4]
- Polish PWX Camp No. 1 converted into the Tadeusz Kościuszko Civilian Guard Training Center, and later renamed to Tadeusz Kościuszko Theater Civilian Guard Training and Replacement Center for former Polish POWs.[15]
- 1947
- United States military Benjamin Franklin Village established.
- 8 November: Polish Tadeusz Kościuszko Theater Civilian Guard Training and Replacement Center dissolved.[16]
- 1949 - Mannheim Waterways and Shipping office established.
1950s-1990s
edit- 1955 - Mannheimer Liste Free Voters established.
- 1957 - National Theatre Mannheim rebuilt.
- 1959 - Rhine Bridge rebuilt.
- 1961 - Population: 313,890.(de)
- 1967 - University of Mannheim established.
- 1970
- Landgericht Mannheim (courthouse) built.
- Population: 332,378.(de)
- 1972 - Kurt-Schumacher-Brücke (Mannheim) (bridge) opens.
- 1975
- Fernmeldeturm Mannheim (communication tower) erected.
- National Bundesgartenschau 1975 (garden show) held in Mannheim.
- 1976 - Federal electoral districts Mannheim I, II, and III formed.
- 1979 - Odeon cinema opens.[17]
- 1987 - Synagoge (Mannheim) built on the Paradeplatz (Mannheim).
- 1991
- Mannheimer Stadthaus (city hall) built.
- Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway begins operating.
- 1992 - Revised federal electoral districts Mannheim I and II formed.
- 1994
- 5 December: Aircraft crashes into the Fernmeldeturm.
- Carl-Benz-Stadion (stadium) opens.
- 1995 - Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque built.
21st century
edit- 2002 - Revised federal Mannheim (electoral district) formed.
- 2003
- Popakademie Baden-Württemberg (music school) established.
- Glaskubus memorial erected on the Mannheimer Planken.
- 2004 - Musikpark Mannheim (business office) opens.
- 2005 - SAP Arena opens.
- 2007
- Peter Kurz becomes mayor.
- August: City hosts the 2007 FEI European Jumping Championship.
- 2010
- May: City co-hosts the 2010 IIHF World Championship.
- Population: 313,174.(de)
- 2011 - United States Army Garrison Mannheim closes.
- 2014 - 25 May: Baden-Württemberg local election, 2014 held.(de)
See also
edit- History of Mannheim
- List of monuments in Mannheim
- History of Baden-Württemberg state
- History of Baden territory (in German)
Other cities in the state of Baden-Württemberg:(de)
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Britannica 1910.
- ^ "History: Mannheim hospital, Germany". www.umm.de. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
- ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Die Presse der Stadt Mannheim: vom Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts bis ca. 1980" (in German). Heidelberg: Udo Leuschner. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
- ^ "Germany: Baden". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Stadtteilleben". Mannheim.de (in German). Stadt Mannheim. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
- ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1904. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368424.
- ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "History: Mannheim hospital, Germany". www.umm.de. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
- ^ Wolf 2003.
- ^ a b c d e f "Chronicle of the camp". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "The Prisoners". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ Brzoza, Czesław (2016). "Obóz szkoleniowy Polskich Kompanii Wartowniczych w Mannheim-Käfertal (1945–1947)". Prace Historyczne (in Polish) (143 (1)). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: 159. ISSN 0083-4351.
- ^ Brzoza, p. 161
- ^ Brzoza, pp. 165–166
- ^ Brzoza, p. 181
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Mannheim, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
edit- in English
- "Mannheim". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/njp.32101065312926.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Mannheim", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 8, New York, 1904, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282243
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 588–589.
- "Mannheim", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
- in German
- J. C. Rieger (1824). Historisch- topographisch- statistische beschreibung von Mannheim und seiner umgebung (in German).
- "Mannheim". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064551.
- Chronik der Hauptstadt Mannheim (in German) 1901-
- Max Oeser (1908). Geschichte der Stadt Mannheim (in German).
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Mannheim-Ludwigshafen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Dieter Wolf (2003), Luftkriegsereignisse in Mannheim 1939-1945 (PDF) (in German) (2nd ed.), Stadtarchiv Mannheim
- Geschichte der Stadt Mannheim (in German). Heidelberg: Verlag Regionalkultur. 2007-2009 (3 vols)
External links
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- Items related to Mannheim, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Mannheim, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)