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Timeline of Poznań

(Redirected from Timeline of Posen history)

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Poznań, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

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19th century

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Entrance of Jan Henryk Dąbrowski to Poznań, painting of Jan Gładysz from 1809
 
Polish Theatre

20th century

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1900–1939

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First session of the Polish Provincial Sejm in Poznań (1918)

World War II (1939–1945)

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Arthur Greiser, Wilhelm Frick and Walter Petzel in German-occupied Poznań in November 1939
  • 1939
    • September: During the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, near Słupca, the Germans bombed a train with Polish civilians fleeing the Wehrmacht from Poznań.[28]
    • Poznań Nightingales (choir) secretly founded.
    • 10 September: German troops invade Poznań, beginning of German occupation.[2]
    • 10 September: Inhabitants of Poznań were among the victims of a massacre of Poles committed by German troops in Zdziechowa.[29]
    • 12 September: The Einsatzkommando 1 and Einsatzgruppe VI paramilitary death squads entered the city to commit various crimes against the population.[30]
    • September: Mass arrests of Poles by the occupying forces.[31]
    • September: City made the headquarters of the central district of the Selbstschutz, which task was to commit atrocities against Poles during the German invasion of Poland.[32]
    • September: Tajna Polska Organizacja Wojskowa (Secret Polish Military Organization) Polish resistance organization founded.[33]
    • October: Infamous Fort VII concentration camp established by the Germans for imprisonment of Poles arrested in the city and region during the Intelligenzaktion.[34]
    • October: Poznańska Organizacja Zbrojna [pl] (Poznań Military Organization), Narodowa Organizacja Bojowa [pl] (National Fighting Organization), Ojczyzna (Homeland) and Komitet Niesienia Pomocy (Relief Committee) Polish resistance organizations founded.[35]
    • 16, 18, 20, 26, 28 October: Mass executions of 71 Polish prisoners in Fort VII. Among the victims were teachers, merchants, farmers, craftsmen, workers, doctors, lawyers, editors of Polish newspapers.[34]
    • 22 October: First expulsion of Poles carried out by the German police.[36]
    • November: Transit camp for Poles expelled from the city established by the occupiers.[37]
    • 8, 18, 29 November: Further executions of over 30 Polish prisoners in Fort VII. Among the victims were merchants, craftsmen, editors of Polish newspapers.[38]
    • 11 November: Special Staff for the Resettlement of Poles and Jews (Sonderstab für die Aussiedlung von Polen und Juden) founded by the Germans to coordinate the expulsion of Poles from the city and region, known as the Central Bureau for Resettlement (UWZ, Umwandererzentralstelle) since 1940.[39]
    • 12–16 November: German police and SS massacred 60 Polish prisoners of the Fort VII concentration camp in the forest of Dębienko near Poznań.[40]
    • December: Further executions of 14 Polish craftsmen in Fort VII.[38]
    • The Germans massacred over 630 Polish prisoners of the Fort VII concentration camp, incl. 70 students of Poznań universities and colleges and 70 nuns, in the forest of Dopiewiec near Poznań.[38]
    • Ernst Damzog, former commander of the Einsatzgruppe V, was appointed the police inspector for both Sicherheitspolizei and Sicherheitsdienst in German-occupied Poznań.[41]
    • Tadeusz Kościuszko and 15th Poznań Uhlan Regiment monuments destroyed by the Germans.[25][26]
 
Bunker no. 16 in Fort VII, used by the German occupiers as an improvised gas chamber
  • 1940
    • January: Further executions of 67 Poles in Fort VII. Among the victims were teachers, local officials, engineers, artists, priests, professors and merchants.[38]
    • 27 January, 20 February, 5 March, 25 April: The Germans massacred over 700 Polish prisoners of the Fort VII concentration camp, incl. 120 women, in the forest of Dębienko.[40]
    • February: The regional branch of the Union of Armed Struggle begins to organize.[42]
    • February, April and May: Further executions of 21 Poles in Fort VII.[38]
    • March: Several Polish resistance organizations merged into the Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich [pl] (Military Organization of the Western Lands).[43]
    • Early 1940: The Germans massacred over 2,000 Polish prisoners of the Fort VII concentration camp in the forest of Dopiewiec.[38]
    • Spring: Polska Niepodległa [pl] (Independent Poland) resistance organization starts operating in Poznań.[43]
    • April: First arrests of members of Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich carried out by the Germans.[33]
    • 20 April: Over 100 Poles were arrested by the Germans in the city in just one day.[44]
    • June: Bureau of the Government Delegation for Poland for Polish territories annexed by Germany founded.[45]
    • 1 August: Stalag XXI-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs established by the occupiers.[46]
    • Autumn: Regional branch of the Bataliony Chłopskie resistance organization established.[47]
    • Autumn: Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich crushed by the Germans. Surviving members joined the Union of Armed Struggle.[33]
    • Adam Mickiewicz monument destroyed by the Germans.[19]
 
Reichsmarine rally in German-occupied Poznań in April 1941
  • 1941
    • The German labor office in Poznań demanded that children as young as 12 register for work, but it is known that even ten-year-old children were forced to work.[48]
    • Spring: Komitet Niesienia Pomocy joined the Union of Armed Struggle.[33]
    • May: The Polish resistance movement facilitated escapes of British prisoners of war from the Stalag XXI-D POW camp.[49]
  • 1942: Mass arrests of members of the Komitet Niesienia Pomocy resistance organization carried out by the Germans.[33]
  • 1943
  • 1944
    • April: Fort VII concentration camp dissolved.
    • Aerial bombing by U.S. forces.[2]
  • 1945
    • January–February: Battle of Poznań.
    • February: Stalag XXI-D POW camp dissolved.[46]
    • End of German occupation.

1945–1990s

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Burial of Polish composer Feliks Nowowiejski in 1946
 
Saint John's Fair in 1978
 
Pope John Paul II in Poznań, 1997

21st century

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Poznań Old Town in 2012

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Łęcki 1997.
  3. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1493". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  4. ^ Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". Czasy Nowożytne (in Polish). Vol. 22. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. p. 52. ISSN 1428-8982.
  5. ^ a b c d e Anna Dyszkant. "Dom Kongregacji Oratorium św. Filipa Neri". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Drukarnia Kolegium Towarzystwa Jezusowego w Poznaniu 1677-1773". Wielkopolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa. April 1997. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  7. ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 20.
  8. ^ Gembarzewski, p. 26
  9. ^ Gembarzewski, p. 28
  10. ^ Górski, Konstanty (1902). Historya Artylerii Polskiej (in Polish). Warszawa. p. 193.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ Gembarzewski, p. 29
  12. ^ a b c Haydn 1910.
  13. ^ a b Townsend 1867.
  14. ^ Gembarzewski, p. 56
  15. ^ Plenzler, Anna (2012). Śladami Fryderyka Chopina po Wielkopolsce (in Polish). Poznań: Wielkopolska Organizacja Turystyczna. p. 2. ISBN 978-83-61454-99-1.
  16. ^ Hahn, Wiktor (1948). "Juliusz Słowacki w 1848 r.". Sobótka (in Polish). III (I). Wrocław: 85.
  17. ^ a b Plenzler, p. 4
  18. ^ "Poznań". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 2014-10-15.
  19. ^ a b "Adama Mickiewicza". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  20. ^ a b c Don Rubin, ed. (2001). "Poland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. Vol. 1: Europe. Routledge. p. 634+. ISBN 9780415251570.
  21. ^ a b c Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
  22. ^ a b c Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
  23. ^ a b c d e "Statystyczna Karta Historii Poznania" (PDF). Główny Urząd Statystyczny. June 2008. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  24. ^ a b Plasota, Kazimierz (1929). Zarys historji wojennej 68-go Pułku Piechoty (in Polish). Warszawa. p. 5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ^ a b c "15. Pułku Ułanów Poznańskich". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  26. ^ a b c "Tadeusza Kościuszki". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  27. ^ Lewaszkiewicz, Tadeusz (2015). "Zarys dziejów sorabistyki i zainteresowań Łużycami w Wielkopolsce". In Kurowska, Hanna (ed.). Kapitał społeczno-polityczny Serbołużyczan (in Polish). Zielona Góra: Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. p. 92.
  28. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 89.
  29. ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 91
  30. ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 113
  31. ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 116
  32. ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 63
  33. ^ a b c d e Pietrowicz 2011, p. 32.
  34. ^ a b Wardzyńska (2009), p. 190
  35. ^ Pietrowicz 2011, pp. 28–29, 31–32.
  36. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 144. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
  37. ^ Wardzyńska (2017), p. 145
  38. ^ a b c d e f Wardzyńska (2009), p. 191
  39. ^ Wardzyńska (2017), p. 35
  40. ^ a b Wardzyńska (2009), p. 192
  41. ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 54
  42. ^ Pietrowicz 2011, p. 36.
  43. ^ a b Pietrowicz 2011, p. 31.
  44. ^ Wardzyńska (2009), p. 213
  45. ^ Pietrowicz 2011, p. 34.
  46. ^ a b c d Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 501. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  47. ^ Pietrowicz 2011, p. 30.
  48. ^ Kołakowski, Andrzej (2020). "Zbrodnia bez kary: eksterminacja dzieci polskich w okresie okupacji niemieckiej w latach 1939-1945". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 74.
  49. ^ Aleksandra Pietrowicz. ""Dorsze" z Poznania". Przystanek Historia (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  50. ^ Pietrowicz 2011, p. 25.
  51. ^ Ledniowski, Krzysztof; Gola, Beata (2020). "Niemiecki obóz dla małoletnich Polaków w Łodzi przy ul. Przemysłowej". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. pp. 147, 158.
  52. ^ "1572 Posnania (1949 SC)". JPL Small-Body Database Browser. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  53. ^ "Poland Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  54. ^ Bernard A. Cook, ed. (2013). "Chronology of Major Political Events". Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-17939-7.
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  56. ^ "Brno (Republika Czeska)". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
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  58. ^ "Jyväskylä (Finlandia)". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  59. ^ "Armii 'Poznań'". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  60. ^ a b "Jan Paweł II w Poznaniu". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  61. ^ a b "Mayors of the City of Poznań". Poznań City Hall. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  62. ^ "Toledo (Ohio, USA)". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
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  64. ^ "Pogromców Enigmy". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  65. ^ "Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  66. ^ "Gyor kolejnym miastem partnerskim Poznania". Poznań.pl (in Polish). 24 January 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  67. ^ "Kutaisi". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  68. ^ "Konsulat Chorwacji w Poznaniu". Radio Poznań (in Polish). 25 March 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  69. ^ Anna Czuchra (20 May 2011). "Konsulat Honorowy Maroko". Wielkopolski Urząd Wojewódzki w Poznaniu (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  70. ^ "Poznań: Otwarto Konsulat Honorowy Republiki Gwatemali". Głos Wielkopolski (in Polish). 28 February 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  71. ^ Tina Rosenberg (October 9, 2014), "In This World Cup, the Goal is a Better Life", New York Times
  72. ^ "Konsulat Luksemburga w Poznaniu już otwarty [ZDJĘCIA]". Głos Wielkopolski (in Polish). 30 January 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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  74. ^ "Pomnik Paderewskiego". Poznań.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  75. ^ "Bolonia nowym partnerem Poznania". Poznań.pl (in Polish). 5 December 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  76. ^ "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Estonii w Poznaniu". warsaw.mfa.ee (in Polish). Retrieved 2 April 2022.
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This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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in English

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Published in 18th–19th centuries
Published in 20th century

in other languages

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  • Stadtbuch von Posen (in German), Posen: Eigenthum der Gesellschaft, 1892
  • P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Posen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
  • Pietrowicz, Aleksandra (2011). "Konspiracja wielkopolska 1939–1945". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 5–6 (126–127). IPN. ISSN 1641-9561.
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