The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Samarra, Iraq.
Prior to 16th century
edit- 836 – Samarra established and the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tasim relocated capital from Baghdad to Samarra.[1][2]
- 848 – Great Mosque of Samarra built [3]
- 859 – Abu Dulaf Mosque built [4]
- 861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.[5][6]
- 868 – The Islamic scholar and the 10th imam from the Twelve Imams Ali al-Hadi died in Samarra on 21 June.[7][8][9][10][11][12]
- 861 – 870 Caliphal Civil War, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra"[13][14]
- 874 – The Islamic scholar and the 11th imam from the Twelve Imams Hasan al-Askari died in Samarra on 4 January[15]
- 892 – Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tamid relocated capital to Baghdad from Samarra.[1]
- 1258 – Samarra occupied by Mongol Empire forces[16]
16th–19th centuries
edit- 1508 – Shah of Iran Ismail I visited Al-Askari Shrine after his army had occupied Samarra city [17]
- 1553 – The Ottoman admiral Seydi Ali Reis visited Al-Askari Shrine in the town [18]
- 1705 – The Ottoman governor of Baghdad Hassan Pasha visited Al-Askari Shrine in the town [19]
- 1733 – Battle of Samarra between Safavid Empire and Ottoman Empire on July 19 and Ottoman Empire got victory [20]
- 1785 – The Wall of Samarra built around the city[21]
- 1870 – Shah of Qajar Iran Naser al-Din Shah visited Al-Askari Shrine [22]
- 1874 – September: the Iraqi Shia marja Mirza Shirazi moved to Samarra and spent his life there [23]
- 1878 – The first bridge built at the Tigris in the city.[24]
- 1881 – The first elementary school opened [24]
- 1890 – Mirza Shirazi's Hawza established [25]
- 1895 – 20 February: The Iraqi Shia marja' Mirza Shirazi died in Samarra and burial in Imam Ali shrine in Najaf[26]
20th century
edit- 1917 – Samarra occupied by British forces on 23 April [27]
- 1936 – The Wall of Samarra removed [28]
- 1956 – Samarra Dam opened after three years had constructed [29]
- 1965 – The State Company for Drugs Industry and Medical Appliances established .[30]
- 1973 – Samarra FC (football club) formed.[31]
21st century
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
- ^ Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 33: p. 26
- ^ "The Great Mosque of Samarra". Ukessays. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ "Jami' Abi Dulaf". Archnet.
- ^ Kraemer 1989, pp. 171–182, 184, 195.
- ^ Kennedy, Hugh (2006). When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. pp. 264–267. ISBN 978-0-306814808.
- ^ Jawadi, Allama Zeeshan Haider. Nuqoosh Ismat. p. 747.
- ^ Damatus Sakiba, Volume 3. p. 148.
- ^ Anwarul Husainia, Volume 2. p. 55.
- ^ Sawaiqul Mohriqa. p. 124.
- ^ Tadkira Khawasul Ummah, Nurul Absar. p. 150.
- ^ "Hijri Gregorian Converter". IslamiCity. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ^ Bearman, P.J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., eds. (2009). ""Al-Muntasir," "Al-Musta'in," "Al-Mu'tazz," "Al-Muhtadi"". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
- ^ Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub (1883). Historiae. Vol. 2 (M. Th. Houtsma ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 267–268.
- ^ Mufīd, Ibn-al-Muʻallim, I. K. A. Howard, and Ḥusain Naṣr. Kitāb Al-Irshād: the Book of Guidance into the Lives of the Twelve Imams. Qum: Ansariyan Publications, 1990. Print.
- ^ "تأريخ سامراء". Askarian.
- ^ "Abbas al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 3 - page 323". Masaha. December 5, 2020.
- ^ "Abbas al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 4 - page 90". Masaha. December 5, 2020.
- ^ "Abbas al-Azawi - History of Iraq between Two occupations - part 5 - page 194". Masaha. December 5, 2020.
- ^ Axworthy, Michael, "Iran: Empire of the Mind", Penguin Books, 2007. p156
- ^ "سور سامراء التاريخي قصة تجاوز عمرها قرن ونصف من تاريخ مدينة سامراء". Almada Paper. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ "زيارة ناصر الدين شاه القاجاري ( 13 شهر رمضان المبارك 1287 هـ )". Haydarya.
- ^ Ali Al-Wardi - Psychological Insights from Modern Iraqi History - Part 3 - P 99 .
- ^ a b "History of Samarra". Imam Ali Foundation.
- ^ "حوزة المجدد الشيرازي تفتتح من جديد / إعادة بناء المدرسة العلمية الجعفرية بعد هدمها في سامراء". The Hawzah News. 28 November 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- ^ "۲۴ شعبان؛ سالروز درگذشت ميرزای شيرازی". IQNA. Retrieved September 7, 2007.
- ^ "Battles - Samarrah Offensive, 1917". First World War. August 22, 2009.
- ^ "سور سامراء التاريخي قصة تجاوز عمرها قرن ونصف". Azzaman. February 10, 2020.
- ^ "سامراء من أرض قفراء إلى عاصمة خضراء". Annahar Press. April 16, 2020.
- ^ "History of Samarra". SvDI Samarra.
- ^ "رسميا…مهاجم اهلي صنعاء الداحي.. يقترب من اللعب مع نادي سامراء العراقي". Yemen Etihadi. January 1, 2020.
- ^ "Showdown in Samarra". Fox News. 11 October 2004. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ "Explosion destroys Shiite shrine golden dome". Ireland On-Line. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2006.
- ^ Graham Bowley (13 June 2007). "Minarets on Shiite Shrine in Iraq Destroyed in Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
- ^ "Iraq suicide bomber kills many Shia pilgrims on bus". BBC News. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
- ^ "University of Samarra". University of Samarra. December 26, 2020.
- ^ "Iraqi troops 'repel militant attack on Samarra'". BBC News. 2014-06-05. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
- Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.
- Kraemer, Joel L., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIV: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil and al-Muntaṣir, A.D. 841–863/A.H. 227–248. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-874-4.