Tingena siderodeta is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae.[2] It is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the country. This species prefers to inhabit native forest and scrubland but has also been found to be common in cultivated landscapes. The larvae are litter feeders and have been observed in Kanuka and Manuka forest. The adult moths are on the wing from October to February and are day flying but have also been trapped at night.
| Tingena siderodeta | |
|---|---|
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| Male lectotype | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Oecophoridae |
| Genus: | Tingena |
| Species: | T. siderodeta
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| Binomial name | |
| Tingena siderodeta | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy
editThis species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1883 using specimens collected at Christchurch, Dunedin and Lake Wakatipu during December to February and named Oecophora siderodeta.[3][4] Meyrick went on to give a more detailed description in 1884.[4] In 1915 Meyrick placed this species within the Borkhausenia genus.[5] In 1926 Alfred Philpott studied and illustrated the genitalia of the male of this species.[6] George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species under the name B. phegophylla in his 1928 publication The butterflies and moths of New Zealand.[7] In 1988 Dugdale placed this species in the genus Tingena.[2] The male lectotype, collected in Christchurch, is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[2]
Description
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Meyrick first described this species as follows:
Fore wings narrow, ochreous, suffused with dark fuscous, sometimes with three obscure fasciae, inner margin generally paler ; hind wings dark grey.[3]
Meyrick, in his more detailed description, stated:
Male, female. — 12-14 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous, densely mixed with dark fuscous. Antennas dark fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs dark fuscous, central ring of tibiae, hairs of posterior tibiaa, and apex of all joints whitish. Forewings elongate, narrow, costa gently arched, more strongly near base, apex pointed, hindmargin extremely obliquely rounded; brownish-ochreous, densely irrorated with dark fuscous, which tends to form three broad oblique cloudy fasciae, but these are often wholly suffused and confluent ; generally there is a more or less distinctly clear brownish-ochreous space towards base of inner margin : cilia ochreous-whitish, with numerous irregular rows of dark fuscous points, tips clear whitish. Hindwings dark fuscous ; cilia grey, towards base dark fuscous.[4]
Philpott stated that specimens of this species collected in Stewart Island / Rakiura are larger than those from other locations.[6]
Distribution
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This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the country.[1][7] This species has also been found in a site of ecological significance in Christchurch as set out in the Christchurch District Plan.[8]
Behaviour
editAdults of this species are on the wing from October until February.[7] It can be found flying in daylight hours and has been collected when resting on fence posts or tree trunks.[7] This species has also been collected at night via a Malaise trap.[9] When idle this species resembles a small pointed twig as its body position ensures its antennae are held backwards, the wings encircle the body and the rear end of the insect is lifted with the head lowered.[7]
Habitat
editThis species can be found in cultivated landscapes and prefers open clearings.[7] The larvae of this species are leaf litter feeders in scrubland and native forest and have been found in Kānuka and Mānuka stands.[10][11][9]
References
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- ^ a b Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 462. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC 973607714. OL 25288394M. Wikidata Q45922947.
- ^ a b c d John Stewart Dugdale (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 105. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN 0111-5383. Wikidata Q45083134.
- ^ a b Edward Meyrick (September 1883). "Descriptions of New Zealand Micro-Lepidoptera.—III.—Oecophoridae". New Zealand Journal of Science. 1: 525. Wikidata Q106368126.
- ^ a b c Edward Meyrick (1884). "Descriptions of New Zealand Microlepidoptera. III. Oecophoridae". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 16: 43–44. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q63976486.
- ^ E. Meyrick (12 July 1915). "Revision of New Zealand Tineina". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 47: 212. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q63123349.
- ^ a b Alfred Philpott (1926). "List of New Zealand species of Borkhausenia (Oecophoridae: Lepidoptera), including new species". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 56: 399–413. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q110157185.
- ^ a b c d e f George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 262, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286
- ^ Hooton, Scott; Hogan, Debbie (6 June 2017). "Christchurch District Plan. Site of Ecological Significance. Stony Beach" (PDF). districtplan.ccc.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
- ^ a b R. P. Macfarlane; P. M. Johns; B. H. Patrick; Cornelis Vink (April 1998), Travis Marsh: invertebrate inventory and analysis, Lincoln University, hdl:10182/4155, Wikidata Q110426826
- ^ Brian H. Patrick (1994), Coastal butterflies and moths of Wellington and South Wairarapa. (PDF), Wikidata Q110426707, archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2021
- ^ John Stewart Dugdale; John Hutcheson (August 1997). "Invertebrate values of kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) stands, Gisborne Region". Science for Conservation. 55. Department of Conservation: 1–30. ISSN 1173-2946. Wikidata Q110426224.