Tito Veizaga Cossío (born 15 June 1961) is a Bolivian cocalero activist, politician, and trade unionist who served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from La Paz, representing circumscription 17 from 2015 to 2020. A member of the Movement for Socialism, Veizaga followed the usual path taken by rural union leaders, scaling the ranks of trade syndicate leadership until reaching the departmental level. In 2004, he was elected to serve as mayor of Cajuata, and though he failed in his attempt at reelection in 2010, he maintained a presence in his party's internal structure. In 2014, Veizaga was elected to represent the Yungas region in the Chamber of Deputies. Though many local cocaleros opposed the government's attempt at regulating their crop, Veizaga held the party line, supporting the passage of the 2017 General Law of Coca. He was not nominated for reelection.
Tito Veizaga | |
|---|---|
_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Bolivia.jpg) Official portrait, 2017 | |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies from La Paz circumscription 17 | |
| In office 18 January 2015 – 3 November 2020 | |
| Substitute | Juana Luque |
| Preceded by | Quintín Quispe |
| Succeeded by | Gladys Quispe |
| Constituency | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Tito Veizaga Cossío 15 June 1961 Cochabamba, Bolivia |
| Political party | Movement for Socialism |
| Occupation |
|
Early life and political career
editAn ethnic Quechua,[1] Tito Veizaga was born on 15 June 1961 in Cochabamba. During his childhood, Veizaga and his family moved to Inquisivi, a province in La Paz's tropical coca-growing Yungas region. He spent a large part of his early life scaling local leadership positions in his community, in addition to those of the area's trade unions, holding posts at the municipal, provincial, and, ultimately, departmental levels.[2]
Veizaga's entry into politics was facilitated through the Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP), a party historically affiliated with Cochabamba's Chapare coca growers but which, since 2001, had begun making inroads with Yungas-based growers' unions as well.[3] The MAS's increased cooperation with these rural syndicates and trade associations provided it with a solid pool of political candidates for the 2004 municipal elections, with which it made notable incursions into local administration in regions such as the Yungas, where figures like Veizaga were elected as mayors and city councillors.[4] Specifically, Veizaga was nominated to run in Cajuata, winning the mayoralty by a low but not insubstantial popular vote plurality.[5][6] However, he failed in his attempt to seek reelection in 2010, being defeated by Freddy Laura of the Departmental Association of Coca Producers (ADEPCOCA).[6][7] Veizaga's ousting at the hands of a rival coca growers' association represented a shift in disposition towards the MAS on the part of the Yungas-based cocaleros. If by 2005 the party had largely unified the Chapare and Yungas cocalero movements behind a single front,[8] by the start of the 2010s, many Yungas cultivators had gown malcontent with the government's seeming favoritism towards Chapare growers.[9][10]
Chamber of Deputies
editElection
editDespite his defeat, Veizaga maintained the trust of MAS leadership and continued to operate within the party, serving as its departmental president for La Paz. In 2014, he was nominated for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in representation of La Paz's circumscription 17, encompassing the three Yungas-based provinces.[6] Although struggles over coca policy eroded electoral support for the MAS in the Yungas region, many local cocaleros had not yet suffered significant economic losses and, consequently, continued to support the government's continuation, delivering strong majorities for the MAS and its candidates in the 2014 election.[11] As a result, Veizaga overwhelmingly won his race, nearly septupling the vote of his next closest competitor, though his margin is reduced to just fifty-six percent when considering the abundant number of blank and null ballots cast.[6]
Tenure
editVeizaga's parliamentary term coincided with the government's attempt to definitively implement a new General Law of Coca to replace the one enacted in 1988. For cocaleros of the traditional coca-growing Yungas region, the new law threatened their privileged status by extending the zone of legal production in the Chapare and expanding the government's regulatory oversight over their crop.[12] In a bid to block the legislation, ADEPCOCA sought the support of the Yungas' two parliamentary representatives: Veizaga and Senator Ancelma Perlacios. However, both legislators refused to file a motion of unconstitutionality on the coca growers' behalf, leading ADEPCOCA to censure them and enlist five opposition deputies to represent them instead.[13][14] Ultimately, the passage of the General Law of Coca—ratified six months later by MAS parliamentarians, including Veizaga, and upheld by the Plurinational Constitutional Court—broke the government's fragile relationship with ADEPCOCA and other Yungas cocaleros.[15][16][17] For his part, the situation surrounding the General Law of Coca marked the highlight of Veizaga's tenure. He was not nominated for reelection, with the MAS maintaining the practice of almost entirely renewing its party lists for each successive electoral cycle.[18]
Commission assignments
edit- Constitution, Legislation, and Electoral System Commission
- Constitutional Development and Legislation Committee (2015–2016)[19]
- Rural Native Indigenous Peoples and Nations, Cultures, and Interculturality Commission
- Planning, Economic Policy, and Finance Commission
- Science and Technology Committee (2019–2020)[23]
Electoral history
edit| Year | Office | Party | Votes | Result | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | ||||||
| 2004 | Mayor[α] | Movement for Socialism | 597 | 27.61% | 1st[β] | Won | [25] | |
| 2010 | Movement for Socialism | 907 | 28.89% | 2nd | Lost | [26] | ||
| 2014 | Deputy | Movement for Socialism | 40,308 | 78.50% | 1st | Won | [27] | |
| Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas | ||||||||
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Per Article 3 Section VI of the 1967 Constitution with amendments from 1995, individuals who appear at the top of a party's electoral list of councillors are also that party's candidate for mayor.[24] This practice was discontinued following the passage of the 2009 Constitution, with municipal elections since 2010 holding separate contests for mayor and municipal councillors.
- ^ Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.
Footnotes
edit- ^ Burgoa Rosso 2017, p. 125
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, pp. 626–627
- ^ Brewer-Osorio 2020, pp. 270–271
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2005, p. 62
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2005, p. 99
- ^ a b c d Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 627
- ^ Atlas Electoral 2017, p. 340.
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2018, pp. 231, 414
- ^ Brewer-Osorio 2021, pp. 592–593
- ^ "Rupturas: El oficialismo disputará las elecciones de abril contra ex aliados cocaleros, indígenas y militantes disconformes con el Movimiento Al Socialismo". La Prensa (in Spanish). La Paz. 3 March 2010. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2022 – via eju!.
- ^ Brewer-Osorio 2021, pp. 593–594
- ^ Brewer-Osorio 2021, pp. 574, 595
- ^ "Legisladores del MAS por los Yungas dan la espalda a Adepcoca". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 11 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ "Cocaleros de los Yungas dejarán de apoyar al MAS y exigen renuncia de funcionarios". EABolivia (in Spanish). La Paz. 1 April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
- ^ "Anuncian que el viernes se aprobaría polémica Ley de la coca". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 3 September 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ "TCP rechaza el pedido de Los Yungas y legaliza la coca del Chapare". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 10 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ Brewer-Osorio 2021, p. 596
- ^ Romero Ballivián 2022, p. 54
- ^ "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2015–2016". diputados.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Deputies. 29 January 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ^ Chamber of Deputies [@Diputados_Bol] (27 January 2016). "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2016–2017" (Tweet) (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ Chamber of Deputies [@Diputados_Bol] (31 January 2017). "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2017–2018" (Tweet) (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2018–2019". diputados.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Deputies. 1 February 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ^ "La Cámara de Diputados conformó sus 12 Comisiones y 37 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2019–2020". diptuados.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Deputies. 24 January 2019. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ^ "Constitución Política del Estado de 1995". lexivox.org (in Spanish). La Paz. 6 February 1995. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ "Elecciones Municipales 2004 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Elecciones Municipales 2010 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Elecciones Generales 2014 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
Bibliography
edit- Plurinational Electoral Organ (2017). Atlas Electoral de Bolivia: Elecciones Municipales después de la Ley de Participación Popular (PDF). oep.gob.bo (Report) (in Spanish). Vol. 3. La Paz.
- Brewer-Osorio, Susan (2020). "Uniting the Opposition: Reform, Repression, and the Rise of the Cocaleros in Bolivia". The Latin Americanist. 64 (3). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press: 257–279. OCLC 8914486663.
- Brewer-Osorio, Susan (2021). "Turning Over a New Leaf: A Subnational Analysis of 'Coca Yes, Cocaine No' in Bolivia". Journal of Latin American Studies. 53 (3). Cambridge University Press: 573–600. doi:10.1017/S0022216X21000456. OCLC 9234637100. S2CID 236265690.
- Burgoa Rosso, Lenny Gisel (2017). Las Mujeres en la Asamblea Legislativa y Gestión Parlamentaria (Thesis) (in Spanish). La Paz: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Facultad de Ciencias Sociales.
- Romero Ballivián, Salvador (2005). En la Bifurcación del Camino: Análisis de los Resultados de la Municipal 2004 (in Spanish). La Paz: Corte Nacional Electoral – via ResearchGate.
- Romero Ballivián, Salvador (2018). Quiroga Velasco, Camilo Sergio (ed.). Diccionario Biográfico de Parlamentarios 1979–2019 (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). La Paz: Fundación de Apoyo al Parlamento y la Participación Ciudadana; Fundación Konrad Adenauer. pp. 626–627. ISBN 978-99974-0-021-5. OCLC 1050945993 – via ResearchGate.
- Romero Ballivián, Salvador (2022). El Ciclo Electoral Boliviano 2020–2021: De la Crisis de 2019 a los Comicios de 2021 (in Spanish). La Paz: Fundación Friedrich Ebert. ISBN 978-9917-605-67-6 – via ResearchGate.
External links
edit- Parliamentary profile Office of the Vice President (in Spanish).
- Parliamentary profile Chamber of Deputies (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 June 2020.
