Tondano (also known as Tolou, Tolour, Tondanou, and Toulour) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tondano area of northeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is most similar to Tombulu and to Tonsea.[1]
| Tondano | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Northeast Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (92,000 cited 1981)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tdn |
| Glottolog | tond1251 |
There is some lexical influence from European languages, such as Dutch, as well as Malay, Tombulu, and Ternate.[2][3][4]
Dialects
editThere are three main dialects of the Tondano language: Tondano proper, Kakas or Ka'kas, and Remboken.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Tondano at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Sneddon 1975, p. 32
- ^ Watuseke 1958
- ^ Watuseke 1985, p. 3
- ^ Sneddon 1975, p. 1
- Bibliography
- Brickell, Timothy C. (2014). A Grammatical Description of the Tondano (Toundano) Language (PhD thesis). La Trobe University. hdl:1959.9/516057.
- Sneddon, James N. (1975). Tondano Phonology and Grammar. Pacific Linguistics Series B - No. 38. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-B38. hdl:1885/146483. ISBN 0-85883-125-2.
- Watuseke, F.S. (1958). "Tjatatan pada "Kamus Djolong (Sederhana) Bahasa Tondano-Indonesia"". Bahasa dan budaja (in Indonesian). VI (4): 19–24.
- Watuseke, F.S. (1985). "Sketsa tatabahasa Tondano" (in Indonesian). Jakarta.
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Further reading
edit- Brickell, Timothy C., and Stefan Schnell (2017). "Do grammatical relations reflect information status? Reassessing preferred argument structure theory against discourse data from Tondano". In: Linguistic Typology 21: 177–208. DOI: 10.1515/lingty-2017-0005
- Brickell, Timothy C. (2018). "Reduplication in Tondano and Tonsawang". In: NUSA: Linguistic studies of languages in and around Indonesia 65: 81–107.
- Warouw, Maya Pinkan. "Leksikon Bahasa Daerah Tondano" In: Jurnal Duta Bahasa Vol 1, No 1 (2022): 1-8.
- WATUSEKE, F.S. (1972) "Kolano' in the Tondano Language". In: Papers in Borneo and Western Austronesian Linguistics, no. 2. Pacific Linguistics A-33: 123-129.
- WATUSEKE, F.S. “TONDANO AND NOT TOULOUR”. In: Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde 143, no. 4 (1987): 552–54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27863875.
External links
edit- Hertz, Regina & Lee, Sandra (2017). Assessment of the vitality of the Tondano Language (Sulawesi, Indonesia). SIL electronic survey report
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