Torda County (German: Komitat Torda,[1] Hungarian: Torda vármegye,[1] Latin: comitatus Thordensis)[1] was a county in Transylvania between the 11th century and 1876.
History
editKingdom of Hungary
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Counties (districts formed around royal fortresses) were the basic units of royal administration in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 11th century.[2] The fortress initially serving as the seat of Torda County was located at a distance of about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi)[3] from modern Torda (now Turda, Romania), above the village Várfalva (now Moldovenești, Romania), on the river Aranyos (now Arieș in Romania).[4] A cemetery near the castle was used from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries.[4]
The earliest royal charter mentioning the castle is from 1075,[5] but only its interpolated version has been preserved.[6] The earliest authentic charter referring to the same castle is dated to 1177.[7] Although the county itself was only first mentioned in 1227,[8] a reference in the charter of 1075 to taxes levied on salt at the castle implies the existence of a system of administration.[9] Reference to an unnamed[10] ispán of Torda was preserved in a charter from 1221.[3] The ispáns of Torda were appointed by the voivodes of Transylvania, the representative of the kings of Hungary in the province.[11]
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
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Principality of Transylvania
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Austria-Hungary
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List of ispáns
editFourteenth century
edit| Term | Incumbent | Voivode of Transylvania | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1310 | Domokos, son of Marcell Járai | Ladislaus (III) Kán | [12] | |
| c. 1312 | Miklós, son of Péter Gerendi | Ladislaus (III) Kán | first rule | [12] |
| c. 1326 | Miklós, son of Péter Gerendi | Thomas Szécsényi | second rule | [12] |
| c. 1335 | Magister Jakab, son of István | Thomas Szécsényi | [12] | |
| c. 1350 | Marót, son of Péter Cine of Olaszi | [13] | ||
| c. 1366 | János Túri | Denis Lackfi | [13] |
Fifteenth century
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Sixteenth century
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Seventeenth century
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Eighteenth century
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Nineteenth century
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See also
editFootnotes
edit- ^ a b c Fallenbüchl 1994, p. 153.
- ^ Engel 2001, pp. 40-41.
- ^ a b Kristó 1988, p. 92.
- ^ a b Bóna 1994, p. 163.
- ^ Curta 2006, p. 356.
- ^ Kristó 2003, p. 91.
- ^ Kristó 2003, pp. 91-92.
- ^ Kristó 2003, p. 92.
- ^ Curta 2006, pp. 251., 356.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 273.
- ^ Engel 1996, pp. 11., 246.
- ^ a b c d Engel 1996, pp. 11., 251.
- ^ a b Engel 1996, pp. 12., 251.
References
edit- Bóna, István (1994). The Hungarian–Slav Period (895–1172). In: Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit; History of Transylvania; Akadémiai Kiadó; ISBN 963-05-6703-2.
- Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89452-4.
- (in Hungarian) Engel, Pál (1996). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. [=Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I"]. História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
- Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
- (in Hungarian and German) Fallenbüchl, Zoltán (1994). Magyarország főispánjai, 1526–1848 - Die Obergespane Ungarns, 1526–1848 Lord-lieutenants of counties in Hungary, 1526–1848
- (in Hungarian) Kristó, Gyula (1988). A vármegyék kialakulása Magyarországon [=Development of Counties in Hungary]. Magvető Kiadó. ISBN 963-14-1189-3.
- Kristó, Gyula (2003). Early Transylvania (895-1324). Lucidus Kiadó. ISBN 963-9465-12-7.
- (in Hungarian) Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.