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Tough guy hardcore

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Tough guy hardcore (also known as New York-style hardcore or new school hardcore) is a subgenre of hardcore punk with prominent influences from thrash metal. It makes use of groove-driven, palm muted guitar riffs, breakdowns, lyrics discussing hatred, personal struggles, unity, and a vocal style influenced by hip hop and oi!.

Tough guy hardcore
Other names
  • New York-style hardcore
  • new school hardcore
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsMid–to late 1980s, New York City
Derivative forms
Local scenes
Other topics

In the early to mid–1980s New York hardcore scene, bands including Agnostic Front and the Cro-Mags began cultivating a tough, street-wise and groove-driven take on hardcore punk which embraced elements of heavy metal music, particularly its palm muted guitar riffs. By the late 1980s, this developed into the first wave of tough guy hardcore bands: Breakdown, Killing Time, Judge and Sick of It All. During the 1990s, the genre continued with Madball and Biohazard being forefront bands in New York, while Blood for Blood, Strife, Hoods and NJ Bloodline expanded the sound across the United States. The genre received a revived interest in the 2000s through acts including No Warning, Death Before Dishonor and Terror, and into the 2010s and 2020s with Trapped Under Ice, Backtrack, Speed and Pain of Truth.

Characteristics

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"With these labels, it's almost like spreading the genre too far. Just because we talk about reality doesn't mean were trying to be 'tough'. We're just being truthful. This music was born on the streets. If you don't get it, then you don't get it. If it's not your thing, then it's not your thing."

Freddy Cricien of Madball on the "tough guy" label.[1]

Over time, many New York hardcore bands developed a unique style that was based more around rhythm and less around the influence of punk. The palm muting guitar technique was a key aspect of this sound,[2] as well as gang vocals, heavy guitar riffs and heavy breakdowns.[3] Punknews.org described tough guy as "heavy breakdowns, growly vocals" and "the occasional metal riff".[4] The sound is particularly indebted to thrash metal.[3]

Lyrics in the genre often discuss being macho,[5] unity, vigilance and interpersonal relationships,[6] particularly betrayal.[7] According to writer Brian J. Kochan, the genre "embraces the mystique of the gritty and hard working class lives of those in America's big cities".[8] NoEcho writer Chris Suffer defined the genre as "Lyrics fueled by hatred and personal struggles bred some of the most violent live shows in the world turning clubs... into battlegrounds for a few hours."[9] One notable element of the genre is the use of shouted, "sing-along" choruses, an aspect originally influenced by English oi! bands.[10]

Jake Tiernan of webzine Heavy Blog Is Heavy criticized tough guy hardcore for its perceived hypermasculinity, writing that it encourages a herd mentality and causes physical violence, which defies what punk, hardcore's roots, is about because punk is about individuality. Tiernan believed the genre hypermasculinity and socially mandatory mosh pits caused exclusion when the scene was initially intended to be about individuality and inclusion.[11]

History

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Precursors

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The Cro-Mags were an early New York hardcore band who emphasised their toughness, being influential on the development of tough guy hardcore

During hardcore punk's early years, many participants in the Washington, D.C., hardcore, Boston hardcore and New York hardcore scenes developed a "tough guy ethos"[12] through use of aggression, criminal violence and gang mentatilites.[2][12] By 1984, the Washington, D.C. and Boston scenes had largely began to distance themselves from this way of thinking, leaving New York bands Agnostic Front, the Cro-Mags, Murphy's Law and Warzone to continue it unchallenged.[12] For some bands, particularly the Cro-Mags there was an active effort to search out musicians who bore this ethos.[13] This was prominent enough within the band's sound that AllMusic writer Patrick Kennedy called their 1986 debut album the Age of Quarrel the "finest hour... [of] tough-guy hardcore".[14] As the New York hardcore scene progressed many of these bands began to take significant influence from heavy metal and hip hop.[2]

The Big Takeover noted Detroit band Negative Approach as "building a template for... tough guy hardcore", cited them as creating "the loudest, meanest, nastiest, harshest noise in existence then".[15] Invisible Oranges cited the influence of Henry Rollins, of Black Flag, and his vocal style on the genre's vocal style.[16]

Origins (late 1980s to mid–1990s)

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Madball, described by Stereogum as "an archetypal tough-guy hardcore band"

According to writer Tony Rettman, in his book NYHC (2015), Yonkers, New York band Breakdown, formed in 1987, were one of the first bands to define tough guy hardcore. The same year Judge released their debut EP New York Crew, which Crack magazine described as the record that took New York's "tough guy mentality to new heights".[17] Other bands pushing this sound at the time included Sick of It All, Sheer Terror and Killing Time.[18][19] One of the earliest bands to expand the sound's influence outside of New York was Inside Out from Orange County, California, formed in 1988.[2]

Madball, formed in 1988, were credited by Riverfront Times as the band that defined tough guy hardcore,[20] and by Stereogum as "an archetypal tough-guy hardcore band".[21] During the 1990s, they became one of the most prominent bands in New York hardcore.[22][23] with other New York bands continuing the sound including Pro-Pain,[24] Merauder[25] and No Redeeming Social Value.[26] Biohazard's merger of hip hop and tough guy hardcore, in particular, was widely successful,[27] with their 1992 single "Punishment" gaining significant airplay on MTV. The band's 1993 collaboration with rap group Onyx on the remix of "Slam" was certified platinum.[28] Gradually, tough guy hardcore became so ubiquitous of the New York hardcore scene that the style became popularly known as "New York–style hardcore",[29] or simply "New York hardcore".[30]

Developments (mid–1990s to present)

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During the 1990s, many bands from outside of New York began to play the style, including Blood for Blood,[31] Strife,[32] Hoods[33][34] and NJ Bloodline.[35] Of Blood for Blood, Lambgoat.com wrote "They've always sort of been the hardcore equivalent of N.W.A., keeping it 'realer' than anyone else and actually being tough guys who play so-called tough-guy hardcore".[31] As the sound was expanded upon by groups from outside of New York, it ultimately became a more dominant sound in the hardcore scene than its original punk-based sound, becoming what is thought of "when you say 'hardcore'",[36] and subsequently termed "new school hardcore".[37][38][39]

Additionally, during this decade the genre's influence went on to be embraced by groups outside of the genre such as Sepultura,[40] Pantera[41] and Throwdown.[42] The genre's breakdowns influenced the sound of Long Island death metal band Suffocation, this aspect helped the band to pioneer the brutal death metal genre.[43] The genre quickly developed a subgenre slam death metal, which put a greater emphasis on the elements of New York–style hardcore[44] with notable groups including Internal Bleeding,[45] Devourment[46] and Cephalotripsy.[47][45] Furthermore, tough guy hardcore influenced the development of metalcore,[48][49] as well as beatdown hardcore,[50] which was pioneered by Bulldoze, with their 1996 album The Final Beatdown giving the genre its name.[51][52]

 
No Warning's debut album Ill Blood (2002) revived an interest in tough guy hardcore in the 2000s

The 2000s saw the popularity of Death Before Dishonor, Terror,[36] No Warning,[53][54][55] Lionheart,[56] Sworn Enemy[57] and First Blood.[58] Lambgoat.com called No Warning's debut album Ill Blood (2002) "Bridge 9's most prolific releases", stating that with its influence "the classic New York sound was brought to the masses in popular waves that had not been seen since Strife became the most convincing non-New York band to do it in the early 1990s...With the advent of No Warning’s popularity, the New York scene finally shed whatever underground status it had left as young fans scrambled to see who influenced them. And they discovered those bands. And then they formed their own bands."[32] During this time, Agnostic Front, who had influenced the development of the style, changed their style to tough guy hardcore.[59][60] Additionally, the sound's influence was seen in bands outside of the genre, including Emmure[61] and the Ghost Inside,[62] as well as playing a part in the pioneering of the deathcore genre,[63][64]

In the 2010s, Trapped Under Ice,[65] Incendiary[66] and Backtrack became prominent players in the style.[67][68] At the beginning of the decade, Trapped Under Ice were widely influential and emulated.[69] The 2020s saw the popularity of Speed,[70] Never Ending Game[71] and Pain of Truth.[25] During this period, some bands the embraced influence of the genre, but subverted its tough guy ethos by merging embracing more upbeat and melodic elements, including Turnstile,[72] High Vis[73] and Higher Power.[74]

References

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  1. ^ Verducci, Richard (November 17, 2010). "Interviews: Freddy Cricien (Madball)". Punknews.org. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Sanneh, Kelefa (March 9, 2015). "How Hardcore Conquered New York". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "5 Under the Radar Metal Bands That Are Pushing Boundaries". Radio.com. October 21, 2013. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2017. Tough guy hardcore has been around as long as I have. An impressive act here and there have combined circle pits and gang vocals with elements of Metallica-type thrash, but none in recent years have pushed that hybrid to the brink quite like Dallas, Texas' Power Trip.
  4. ^ Jim (June 27, 2003). "Hoods – Pray For Death". Punknews.org. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  5. ^ MCCRACKEN, MATT. "NEVER ENDING GAME Halo & Wings EP". Maximumrocknroll. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  6. ^ Rogowski, Jordan (December 17, 2004). "Skycamefalling 10.21 (2001)". Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  7. ^ Rogowski, Jordan (January 10, 2006). "Black My Heart Before the Devil (2005)". Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  8. ^ Kochan, Brian J. (2006). "Youth Culture and Identity: A Phenomenology of Hardcore". The University of Maine. Archived from the original on July 27, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2006.
  9. ^ Suffer, Chris (16 July 2021). "20 Underrated New Jersey Metallic Hardcore Records From 1995-2005". Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  10. ^ Travis, Tiffini; Hardy, Perry (13 April 2012). Skinheads: A Guide to an American Subculture (Guides to Subcultures and Countercultures). Greenwood. pp. 28–29. The style known as NYHC started in the early 1980s and was characterized by "driving machine gun drum beats, fast heavy guitar riffs, and simple repetitive bass lines." Also included in most NYHC was what is now known as "the breakdown" - a quintessential break in the song that would send the listeners into a full-blown frenzy. The vocals were shouted, and many bands had sing-along choruses to encourage audience participation. Lyrics of songs reflected themes of unity, brotherhood, and social justice... It is important to keep in mind that Oi! music originated in England and that American skinheads listened to those bands. As Harley Flanagan recalls, "We were aware of what was going on over there and it was influencing bands... with sing-along anthems."
  11. ^ Tiernan, Jake (January 22, 2016). "No More Mr. Tough Guy: The Issue With Machismo In Hardcore". Heavy Blog is Heavy. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c Hurchalla, George (29 January 2016). Going Underground American Punk 1979-1989. PM Press. When bands like Warzone, Murphy's Law, Cro-Mags, and Agnostic Front began attracting large skinhead followings, however, violence in the scene became more commonplace. Faced with early hostility from the DC and Boston crews who came with their bands to town, New York fought back by attempting to uphold its reputation as the toughest city in the country. A whole mythology and movement built up around "mean streets" hardcore. Rather than embracing individualism, there were a lot of kids just attracted to being in a gang or "crew." They were a little late on the harder than hardcore bandwagon, though, because the DC and Boston crews had largely grown out of their aggressive ways by 1984, leaving NY free to carry the mantle of tough guy hardcore unchallenged.
  13. ^ Rettman, Tony (2015). NYHC : New York Hardcore 1980–1990. Brooklyn, NY. p. 212. ISBN 9781935950127. Underneath his facade and front street thing, Harley below all that is a real artist. Even though he was trying to form this band of tough guys, he had very little tolerance for people who had genuine power; this parade of knuckleheads went by the wayside quickly.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ Kennedy, Patrick. "Before the Quarrel – Cro-Mags". AllMusic. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  15. ^ Berlyant, Matthew. "Negative Approach with Blacklisted - First Unitarian Church (Philadelphia, PA) - Sunday, December 6, 2009". The Big Takeover. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  16. ^ "Bullpen Bulletins #3: Metal & Hardcore - Regurging the Merging". Invisible Oranges. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  17. ^ Black, Billy. "POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE: 5 ESSENTIAL YOUTH CREW RECORDS". Crack. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  18. ^ Rettman, Tony (2015). NYHC : New York Hardcore 1980–1990. Brooklyn, NY. pp. 294–295. ISBN 9781935950127. Breakdown is considered one of the first "tough guy" bands to come out of New York. When Breakdown started playing, the Sick of It All demo had just come out a few months earlier. Sheer Terror was still slogging it out with demos, trying to make a name for themselves. The Krakdown demo had just come out, along with Leeway's Enforcer demo, plus Rest in Pieces and stuff like that. Some of the original NYHC bands were slowly disappearing, like Major Conflict, Reagan Youth, and Antidote. Around 1986 and 1987 a whole new wave of bands emerged that were influenced by the original New York bands but added something different.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ Koenig, David (Aug 8, 2020). New York Hardcore 1986–1993. Mexico City: PPR. p. 109. I really soured on hard New York hardcore bands. I started avoiding shows with bands like Killing Time, Burn and Sick of It All, bands that I really liked. As the tough guy sound got more and more popular in the 1990s, the violence just got worse.
  20. ^ Levi, Josh (August 4, 2011). "Madball". River Front Times. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  21. ^ BREIHAN, TOM (14 May 2021). "The Month In Hardcore: May 2021". Stereogum. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  22. ^ Andersen, Mark and Jenkins, Mark (2001). Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital. (New York: Soft Skull Press). ISBN 1-887128-49-2.
  23. ^ Blush, Steven (2001). American Hardcore: A Tribal History. (Los Angeles: Feral House). ISBN 0-922915-71-7.
  24. ^ Paratt, Gregg. "Pro-Pain The Final Revolution". Exclaim!. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  25. ^ a b Breiham, Tom (5 September 2023). "Album Of The Week: Pain Of Truth Not Through Blood". Stereogum. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  26. ^ Hearon, Liza (13 December 2001). "No Redeeming Social Value". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  27. ^ Law, Sam (8 July 2020). "The 50 Best Albums From 1990". Kerrang!. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  28. ^ Def Jam, Inc., Russell Simmons, Rick Rubin, and the Extraordinary Story of the World's Most Inf (by Stacy Gueraseva) - page 239. Random House Publishing. 30 March 2011. ISBN 978-0-307-52039-5. Retrieved 2018-09-23. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  29. ^ Dude, Mike (26 February 2010). "Forfeit The Lower Depths [12 inch] (2009)". Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  30. ^ VERDUCCI, RICHARD (17 November 2010). "Freddy Cricien (Madball)". Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  31. ^ a b "Blood For Blood Serenity". Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  32. ^ a b Gluck, Michael. "Bottom Line NYC No One's Safe". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  33. ^ "Hoods Pray For Death (2003)". 27 June 2003. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  34. ^ "Hoods The King Is Dead". Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  35. ^ "NJ BLOODLINE-Faceless (Too Damn Hype)". Suburban Voice (45). 2001. Metal-core groove with lumbering riffs, tempos and something of a hip-hop vocal delivery, albeit a very gruff one. Double-bass pedal in overdrive. Basically, this is pro-forma tough-guy stuff, perfect for a kick-boxing workout but not much else. Even when they speed it up, it sounds a bit clunky and the over-busy drumming hurts things. Not my thing at all.
  36. ^ a b Ali, Reyan (November 23, 2012). "Q&A: Crime in Stereo Talk Breaking Up, Reuniting, What Cleveland Means, and the Two Types of Hardcore". Village Voice. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
  37. ^ Pearson, David (September 2017). "Constructing Music of Rebellion in the Triumphant Empire: Punk Rock in the 1990s United States". CUNY Academic Works: 47. "New School" in this instance refers to "New School Hardcore", which is what the 1990s musical descendants of NYHC were often called.
  38. ^ Harp, Loyd (24 April 2020). "Song of the Day: Point of Recognition - Day of Defeat". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  39. ^ Smit, Jackie. "From the East Coast to the West Coast". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  40. ^ Prato, Greg. "Max Cavalera of Soulfly (ex-Sepultura)". Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  41. ^ "Why Metal Fans Should Hate Pantera". Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  42. ^ "Throwdown Vendetta". Alternative Press. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  43. ^ Lawson, Dom (10 December 2019). "Death metal: The bluffer's guide". Metal Hammer. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  44. ^ "All About Death Metal: 5 Notable Death Metal Bands". Masterclass. 16 June 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  45. ^ a b Purcell, Natalie J. (September 17, 2015). Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture. McFarland & Company. p. 9. ISBN 9780786484065. Many New York style bands like Suffocation, Dying Fetus and Internal Bleeding are slam-orientated and bass-based; this sort of music promotes dancing with rapid shifts from low and slow to fast and blast.
  46. ^ Zorgdrager, Bradley (August 29, 2019). "How Brutal Death Metal Is Confronting Its Misogyny Problem". Kerrang!. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  47. ^ Butler, Will. "Cannabis Corpse - Beneath Grow Lights Thou Shalt Rise LP". Don't be Swindle (1). Most standard death metal, and particularly its more brutal offshoots, is just too damn serious. Not too many people can enthusiastically back slam metal shit like Devourment or Cephalotripsy.
  48. ^ "HARDCORE PUNK". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  49. ^ Enis, Eli. "10 ESSENTIAL NEW YORK HARDCORE ALBUMS". Revolver. Retrieved 10 November 2024. As its very own sub-style of the broader tent genre, NYHC has an instantly recognizable sound and style with its own localized lineage, but it's also transcended its own area code and influenced many of the biggest hardcore bands of the last 30 years — from Hatebreed and No Warning to Power Trip and Turnstile. From the enduring works of metallic hardcore pioneers to the timeless exuberance of straight-edge provocateurs...
  50. ^ Heilman, Max (5 November 2020). "6 new albums to pick up on Bandcamp Friday". Retrieved 10 October 2024. For anyone who wishes modern tough-guy hardcore music had more to offer than suburban chest-beating, look no further than Sunami. This band brings beatdown hardcore back to its source
  51. ^ Steel, Jackson (July 13, 2016). Das Lexikon der Musikrichtungen – Was ist eigentlich Metal ?: Von Heavy Metal über Death Metal bis White Metal (in German). Neobooks. Ein besonderes Subgenre des Metallic Hardcores oder New School Hardcores ist der "Mosh Style", überwiegend auch als "Beatdown" bezeichnet und von Gruppen wie Insurgence und Undertow vertreten. Mosh-Core zeichnet sich durch einen langsameren Tempo Beat, Groove- Orientierung und harte Breakdowns mit Tempowechseln aus, die die Menschenmenge vor der Bühne zum "Moshen" animieren sollen. Als die Begründer des Beatdown Hardcore wird häufig die New Yorker Band Bulldoze genannt. Einige moderne Beatdown-Gruppen fügen ihrer Musik mittlerweile auch Rap-Parts hinzu.
  52. ^ Farin, Klaus; Möller, Kurt (June 20, 2014). Kerl sein. Kulturelle Szenen und Praktiken von Jungen (in German). Hirnkost. Als Begründer oder zumindest als Namensgeber gilt die New Yorker Hardcore-Band Bulldoze mit ihrem Song "Beatdown" von ihrem 1998 veröffentlichten Album The Final Beatdown.
  53. ^ Brown, Nathan (16 May 2013). "No Warning: Ill Blood – album review". Louder Than War. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  54. ^ Cimarusti, Luca (27 February 2015). "A new power-poppy jam from Young Guv's upcoming LP". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  55. ^ Anderson, Rick. "Ill Blood No Warning". AllMusic. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  56. ^ Sievers, Alex. "Album Review: Lionheart - 'Welcome To The West Coast II'". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  57. ^ H, Josh. "Sworn Enemy Maniacal". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  58. ^ "FIRST BLOOD Killafornia". 7 May 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  59. ^ Pratt, Greg. "AGNOSTIC FRONT - MY LIFE MY WAY". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  60. ^ "Agnostic Front Another Voice". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  61. ^ "Emmure Goodbye to the Gallows (2007)". 6 March 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  62. ^ SYNYARD, DAVE. "The Ghost Inside Fury And The Fallen Ones". Exclaim!. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  63. ^ Duer, Brook (27 January 2009). "The Acacia Strain Continent (2008)". Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  64. ^ John, Tracey (2004). "Despised Icon: the Heal Process". CMJ (132): 39. Though deathcore may cause purists to cringe, multiple listens should convince doubters that a band can find a middle ground between tough guy hardcore and destructive death metal.
  65. ^ "Trapped Under Ice Secrets of the World (2009)". September 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  66. ^ Ustel, Scott. "Incendiary Thousand Mile Stare". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  67. ^ Bader, David Von. "Terror and H2O Unloaded Hard Riffs and Flailing Limbs on Churchill's Pub, February 5". Miami New Times. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  68. ^ Henderson, Luke. "Backtrack Lost In Life". Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  69. ^ Stewart, Ethan (28 September 2023). "CODE ORANGE'S 'THE ABOVE' IS 2023'S MOST AMBITIOUS HARDCORE ALBUM". PopMatters. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  70. ^ DIERS, KEVIN. "INTERVIEW: SPEED'S JEM TALKS CRUSHING NEW 6-SONG EP, 'A GANG CALLED SPEED'". Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  71. ^ MCCRACKEN, MATT. "NEVER ENDING GAME Halo & Wings EP". Maximumrocknroll. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  72. ^ Camp, Zoe. "Turnstile Are the Real Thing". Spin. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  73. ^ Tedder, Michael (8 March 2023). "Open Up the Pit: The State of Hardcore in a Post-Turnstile World". The Ringer. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  74. ^ Madeley, Peter (30 June 2017). "Madball, Mama Roux's, Birmingham - review". Express & Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
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