The Transcarpathian dialect is a dialect of the Ukrainian language spoken in Zakarpattia Oblast.
It is widespread in the valley of South Carpathians and the right bank of the Tisza river. It is used in some villages of Slovakia and Romania. It is bordered by the Boyko dialect to the north, the Hutsul dialect to the east, and by the Polish, Slovak, Hungarian and Romanian languages to the west.
The main features of the Transcarpathian dialect were formed by the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Written monuments, which reflected the features of the Transcarpathian dialect, were found from the beginning of the 15th century. The dialect was used by some writers, such as V. Dovhovych (1783-1849) and M. Nod (1819-1862). During the 19th century the usage of the dialect decreased because of neighboring languages more widely used. The dialect was studied by linguists I. Fogorashii, I. Verkhratskyi, Pavlo Chuchka and others.
The Transcarpathian has 4 subdialects:
- Borzhava
- Uzhansky
- Maramorosky
- Verkyhovyna
The table below list a small portion of the differences (since there are more than 6,000) between the Transcarpathian dialect and Standard Ukrainian. Some of the words were taken from Hungarian or Slovak. Examples of this are railway station, piece and thousand, which were taken from the Hungarian words állomás, darab and ezer.
| Transcarpathian dialect | Standard Ukrainian | English |
|---|---|---|
| Адістерувати (Adisteruvaty) | Критикувати (Krytykuvaty) | Criticize |
| Бавитися (Bavytysya) | Гратися (Hratysya) | Play |
| Бай (Bay) | Погано (Pohano) | Bad |
| Вать (Vat) | Або (Abo) | Or |
| Каждоденно (Kazhdodenno) | Щоденно (Shchodenno) | Daily |
| Transcarpathian dialect | Standard Ukrainian | Hungarian | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Аломаш (Alomash) | Залізничний вокзал (Zaliznychnyy vokzal) | Állomás | Railway station |
| Дараб (Darab) | Шматок (Shmatok) | Darab | Piece |
| Езерь (Ezer) | Тисяча (Tysyacha) | Ezer | Thousand |
| Жеб (Zheb) | Кишеня (Kyshenya) | Zseb | |
| Варош (Varosh) | Місто (Misto) | Város | City |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Закарпатський говір — Енциклопедія Сучасної України. Vol. 10. Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України. ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ В. В., Німчук (2000). Енциклопедія української мови (Encyclopedia of the Ukrainian language). Kyiv.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b "Transcarpathian dialect | Old Truth". starapravda.com.ua. 2022-11-25. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
- ^ "Cловник закарпатських слів". 2014-01-18. Archived from the original on 2014-01-18. Retrieved 2023-03-05.