Triacanthus biaculeatus, also known as the short-nosed tripod fish, black-finned triple-spine, blacktail tripodfish, hollow-snouted tripodfish or silver tripodfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.
| Triacanthus biaculeatus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Triacanthidae |
| Genus: | Triacanthus |
| Species: | T. biaculeatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
Taxonomy
editTriacanthus biaculeatus was first formally described as Balistes biaculeatus in 1786 by the German physician and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch with its type locality given as the Indian Ocean.[2] In 1817 Lorenz Oken classified B. aculeatus in the new monospecific genus Triacanthus, so this species is the type species of the genus Triacanthus by monotypy.[3] This genus is classified in the family Triacanthidae within the suborder Triacanthoidei alongside the Triacanthodidae.[4] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the Triacanthoidei as suborder of the order Tetraodontiformes.[5]
Etymology
editTriacanthus biaculeatus is classified within the genus Triacanthus, a name that prefixes acanthus, which means “thorn” or “spine”, with tri-, meaning “three”, this is an allusion to the long and robust first spine of the dorsal fin and the two large spines in the pelvic fins. The specific name, biaculeatus, means "two spined", an allusion to the spine in each of the pelvic fins.[6]
Description
editTriacanthus biaculeatus has a lower, scaly surface of the pelvis that is nearly as wide at the front as it is at the rear and which does not taper to a point. There are six spines in the dorsal fin, the first spine being between three and four times longer than the second spine. There are 21 to 26 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 17 to 23 in the anal fin. The scales have low emarginated cross-shaped ridges. The upper part of the body is sivery bluish-grey with the lower hal;f being silvery-grey. There is a large blotch on the back underneath the spiny dorsal fin. There is a dark bat running from one eye to the other. The membrames of the fins are typically yellowish, except that the spint dorsal fin has varying amounts of dark, even black, colouration.[7] This species has a maximum published total length of 30 cm (12 in).[1]
Distribution and habitat
editTriacanthus biaculeatus is found in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific Ocean where it has been recorded from the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea east into the Pacific as far as northern Australia and nort to central Honshu in Japan.[8] The short-nosed tripod fish is found on sand or mud flats along coasts and in estuaries as deep as 60 m (200 ft) where it feeds on benthic invertebrates.[1]
Human utilisation
editTriacanthus biaculeatus is sold in fish markets as fresh fish and is used in traditional Chinese medicine.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Triacanthus biaculeatus". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Triacanthus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triacanthidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (27 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ Keiichi Matsuura (2022). "Tetraodontiformes". In Phillip C. Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David E. Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E. Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). pp. 406–485.
- ^ Matsuura, K. (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. Bibcode:2015IchtR..62...72M. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
Further reading
edit- Arshad, A., Jimmy A., Amin N. S. M., Sidik J. B., & Harah Z. M. (2008). Length–weight and length–length relationships of five fish species collected from seagrass beds of the Sungai Pulai estuary, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 24(3), 328–329.
- Santini, F., & Tyler J. C. (2002). Phylogeny and biogeography of the extant species of triplespine fishes (Triacanthidae, Tetraodontiformes). Zoologica Scripta. 31(4), 321–330.