Trichechus hesperamazonicus, the western Amazonian manatee, is an extinct species of manatee that lived about 40 thousand years ago in the Madeira River, in the Brazilian state of Rondonia.[1][2] It is known from this single locality, with possible occurrences in the Brazilian state of Acre.[1]
| Trichechus hesperamazonicus Temporal range:
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Sirenia |
| Family: | Trichechidae |
| Genus: | Trichechus |
| Species: | †T. hesperamazonicus
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| Binomial name | |
| †Trichechus hesperamazonicus Perini, Nascimento & Cozzuol 2020
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Description
editTrichechus hesperamazonicus is known by two fragmentary mandibles and part of the palate. Compared with other manatees, it has a wide space between the posterior lower tooth row and ascending ramus of dentary, where the buccinator muscle is located, and a wide ascending ramus of the mandible, which covers the posterior end of the tooth row.[1][3] It also shares some characteristics with living species, as relatively few large teeth and few mental foramina as T. manatus and T. senegalensis (in contrast with the many smaller teeth and many mental foramina of T. inunguis) and a straight and shallow mandibular symphysis as T. inunguis and T. senegalensis (in contrast with the downturned snout and deep mandibular symphysis of T. manatus).[1] The affinities of this species are still not fully resolved, being recovered in a polytomy with T. inunguis and a clade formed by T. manatus and T. senegalensis:[1]
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Distribution
editThe Latin name hesperamazonicus refers to the western localization of the species, hesperos (west) and amazonicus (from the Amazon region). The fossil was found near the village of Araras, in Nova Mamoré, state of Rondonia, Brazil. Since the Rio Madeira Formation. The site also yielded pampatheres, a fossil species of tapir[2][4][5] and the podocnemidid river turtle Peltocephalus maturin[6].14C dates from associated wood samples give an age of 44,710 ± 880 years before present.[1] At that time, the Madeira River had slow currents and many marginal lakes. At the end of the Pleistocene, changes on the river regime originated several rapids, creating an environment unsuitable to manatees, that are currently absent from the region.[1][3]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Perini, Fernando A.; Nascimento, Ednair Rodrigues; Cozzuol, Mario Alberto (2019-09-03). "A new species of Trichechus Linnaeus, 1758 (Sirenia, Trichechidae), from the upper Pleistocene of southwestern Amazonia, and the evolution of Amazonian manatees". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (5): e1697882. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E7882P. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1697882. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 212816367.
- ^ a b "Trichechus hesperamazonicus". The Paleobiology Database.
- ^ a b Zorzetto, Ricardo. "O antigo peixe-boi de Rondônia". Pesquisa FAPESP. 289: 60–61.
- ^ Góis, Flávio; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo Juan; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Ubilla, Martín (2012-08-31). "Una nueva especie de Holmesina Simpson (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Pampatheriidae) del Pleistoceno de Rondônia, sudoeste de la Amazonia, Brasil" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 15 (2): 211–227. doi:10.4072/rbp.2012.2.09.
- ^ Holanda, Elizete C.; Ferigolo, Jorge; Ribeiro, Ana Maria (2011-02-16). "New Tapirus species (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) from the upper Pleistocene of Amazonia, Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy. 92 (1): 111–120. doi:10.1644/10-MAMM-A-144.1. ISSN 0022-2372.
- ^ Ferreira, G. S.; Nasciemento, E. R.; Cadena, E. A.; Cozzuol, M. A.; Farina, B. M.; Pacheco, M. L. A. F.; Rizzutto, M. A.; Langer, M. C. (2024). "The latest freshwater giants: a new Peltocephalus (Pleurodira: Podocnemididae) turtle from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Amazon". Biology Letters. 20 (3). 20240010. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0010. PMC 10932709. PMID 38471564.