Trichoglossum walteri is a species of fungus in the family Geoglossaceae. In its current sense, it is considered to be cosmopolitan and as such represents a complex of species worldwide.[2] In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of short-spored earthtongue.[3] The European species occurs mainly in agriculturally unimproved grassland and threats to this habitat have resulted in the short-spored earthtongue being assessed as globally "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1]
| Trichoglossum walteri | |
|---|---|
_E.J._Durand_665220.jpg)
| |
| Trichoglossum walteri, Virginia, USA | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Geoglossomycetes |
| Order: | Geoglossales |
| Family: | Geoglossaceae |
| Genus: | Trichoglossum |
| Species: | T. walteri
|
| Binomial name | |
| Trichoglossum walteri (Berk.) E.J. Durand (1908)
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Taxonomy
editThe species was first described by English mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1875 as Geoglossum walteri. His description was based on an Australian collection and in its strict sense Trichoglossum walteri may be restricted to the southern hemisphere. The name was, however, adopted for collections with similar microscopic features in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. It seems probable that some of these collections represent distinct species.[1] Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, supports this conclusion[2] and also indicates that Trichoglossum walteri sensu lato is not closely related to the type species of Trichoglossum, but belongs in a separate genus as yet not formally named.[2]
Description
editAscocarps are club-shaped, up to 35 mm (1.5 in) tall, black to dark brown, with a swollen, spore-bearing head, up to half the ascocarp height, and a finely hirsute, cylindrical stipe (stem). Microscopically, dark, thick-walled, acute setae are present. The asci are 8-spored, the ascospores 90–100 × 4.5–5.5 μm, becoming 7-septate at maturity.[2] North temperate collections differ in being larger, up to 100 mm (4 in) tall, and in having shorter ascospores, 75–85 × 4.5–5.5 μm.[2]
Similar species
editAll Trichoglossum species appear similar in the field and can only be identified by microscopic examination. In European grassland, the short-spored earthtongue is most easily confused with the much commoner Trichoglossum hirsutum which has longer spores that become 15-septate at maturity.
Conservation
editIn Europe the short-spored earthtongue is typical of waxcap grasslands, a declining habitat due to changing agricultural practices. As a result, the species is of global conservation concern and is listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Jordal J (2019). "Trichoglossum walteri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". Retrieved 2022-12-06.
- ^ a b c d e Hustad VP (2015). A circumscription of the earth tongue fungi: class Geoglossomycetes (Thesis). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
- ^ Holden L. (April 2022). "English names for fungi 2022". British Mycological Society. Retrieved 2022-12-06.