Trillium flexipes, known as the nodding wakerobin, bent trillium, or drooping trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae.[3][4][5] It is found from Minnesota to Ohio, south to Tennessee, with isolated (and sometimes rare) populations in New York, Pennsylvania, Alabama, and other states.[6] It is an endangered species in Ontario[7] and threatened in North Carolina.[8]
| Trillium flexipes | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Genus: | Trillium |
| Species: | T. flexipes
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| Binomial name | |
| Trillium flexipes | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Description
editT. flexipes is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. In northern areas, the flower tends to hang below the leaves, while central and southern strains have a large erect flower.[9] The flower petals are normally white but can be reddish or maroon. The fruit is rosy red to purplish and fragrant of ripe fruit.[4]
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Typical flower with white petals -
Variant with red petals
T. flexipes is known to hybridize with other Trillium species. In particular, hybrids between T. flexipes and T. erectum can occur. Indeed, the red-petaled forms of T. flexipes tend to occur in regions where the ranges of both species coincide.[10] Hybridization is also suspected between T. flexipes and T. sulcatum.[11]
Bibliography
edit- Case, Frederick W.; Case, Roberta B. (1997). Trilliums. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-374-2.
- Patrick, Thomas S. (1984). "Trillium sulcatum (Liliaceae), a New Species of the Southern Appalachians". Brittonia. 36 (1). New York Botanical Garden: 26–36. doi:10.2307/2806287. JSTOR 2806287. S2CID 85116255.
References
edit- ^ "Trillium flexipes". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "Trillium flexipes". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ NRCS. "Trillium flexipes". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ a b Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium flexipes". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ Stritch, Larry. "Nodding Wakerobin (Trillium flexipes)". United States Forest Service. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ^ "Trillium flexipes". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ "Drooping trillium". Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ "List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina". North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ Case & Case (1997), p. 103.
- ^ Jalava, Jarmo V.; Ambrose, John D. (2012). "Recovery Strategy for the Drooping Trillium (Trillium flexipes) in Ontario". Ontario Recovery Strategy Series. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ Patrick (1984), pp. 34–35.
External links
edit- Citizen science observations for Trillium flexipes at iNaturalist
- Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) occurrence data and maps for Trillium flexipes[permanent dead link]
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