Trillium tennesseense, the Tennessee trillium,[3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found exclusively within two counties in northeastern Tennessee.[4] Due to its limited range, it is designated as a critically imperiled species.
| Trillium tennesseense | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Genus: | Trillium |
| Species: | T. tennesseense
|
| Binomial name | |
| Trillium tennesseense E.E.Schill. & Floden[2]
| |
Description
editTrillium tennesseense most resembles T. oostingii but the two species differ with respect to several features. In particular, T. tennesseense has filaments nearly equal in length to its ovary (vs. less than half the length), a shorter ovary (2–4 mm vs. 6–16 mm), and stigma lobes distinctly longer than the ovary (vs. equal to the ovary length).[5] When the plant is in full bloom, the flower emits a smell reminiscent of old-fashioned shoe polish.[6]
Taxonomy
editTrillium tennesseense was first described and named by Edward E. Schilling and Aaron J. Floden in 2013.[2] As of March 2023[update], some authorities recognize the name Trillium tennesseense E.E.Schill. & Floden,[1][7][8] but others regard it as a synonym for Trillium lancifolium Raf..[9][10] Both species are members of the sessile-flowered trilliums (Trillium subgen. Sessilia), a group of species typified by Trillium sessile.[11]
Conservation
editThe global conservation status of Trillium tennesseense is Critically Imperiled (G1).[1] The State of Tennessee lists the species as endangered.[7]
The IUCN Red List considers Trillium tennesseense to be a synonym of Trillium lancifolium.[12] However, based on IUCN criteria, Trillium tennesseense is Critically Endangered (CR).[13]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Trillium tennesseense". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- ^ a b "Trillium tennesseense E.E.Schill. & Floden". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ Stritch, Larry. "Tennessee Trillium (Trillium tennesseense)". United States Forest Service. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
- ^ "Trillium tennesseense". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
- ^ Schilling, Edward E.; Floden, Aaron; Farmer, Susan B. (June 2013). "A New Sessile-Flowered Trillium Species from Tennessee". Castanea. 78 (2): 140–147. doi:10.2179/12-043. S2CID 86058874.
- ^ Warfield, Meredith (April 9, 2014). "New Trillium Species Discovered in Eastern Tennessee". The Appalachian Voice. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
- ^ a b Crabtree, Todd. "Tennessee Natural Heritage Program: Rare Plant List 2021" (PDF). Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ "Trillium tennesseense E.E.Schill. & Floden". Flora of the Southeastern United States (2022 Edition). Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Trillium tennesseense E.E.Schill. & Floden". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trillium lancifolium". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ Lampley et al. (2022), p. 282.
- ^ "Narrow-leaved Trillium (Trillium lancifolium)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2022-2. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- ^ Meredith et al. (2022), p. 52.
Bibliography
edit- Lampley, Jayne A. (2021). A systematic and biogeographic study of Trillium (Melanthiaceae) (PhD). University of Tennessee. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- Lampley, Jayne A.; Gereau, Roy; Floden, Aaron; Schilling, Edward E. (2022-07-05). "A revised subgeneric classification of Trillium (Parideae, Melanthiaceae)". Phytotaxa. 552 (5): 278–286. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.552.5.1. S2CID 250368253.
- Meredith, Clayton; Frances, Anne; Highland, Amy; Oliver, Leah; Floden, Aaron; Gaddy, L.L.; Knapp, Wesley; Leaman, Danna; Leopold, Susan; Littlefield, Tara; Raguso, Robert; Schilling, Edward; Schotz, Alfred; Walker, Anna; Wayman, Kjirsten (2022). The Conservation Status of Trillium in North America. Hockessin, DE and Albuquerque, NM: Mt. Cuba Center, and New Mexico BioPark Society. ISBN 979-8-9850471-0-3. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
External links
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