Trivinylboroxin is the organoboron compound, consists of a six-membered ring with boron and oxygen atoms, with vinyl groups attached to each boron atom. It is the synthetic equivalent of vinyl boronic acid in the Suzuki reaction.
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
2,4,6-tris(ethenyl)-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane
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| Other names
Trivinylboroxin, triethenylboroxin, 2,4,6-trivinyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane, 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxane
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.201.208 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C6H9B3O3 | |
| Molar mass | 161.57 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | colourless liquid |
| Density | 0.89 g/ml |
| Boiling point | 114 °C (237 °F; 387 K) |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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flammable |
| GHS labelling:[1] | |
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| Warning | |
| H302, H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Trivinylboroxin can be prepared from trimethyl borate and vinylmagnesium bromide, but its isolation is difficult due to its rapid polymerization[2]
Applications
editTrivinylboroxine is usually used in organic chemistry to produce styrene derivatives by the Suzuki reaction.[3] However, trivinylboroxine rapidly decomposes with polymerization during storage, which makes its use in laboratory practice difficult.
Reactions in the presence of copper(II) acetate with trivinylboroxine lead to the formation of vinyl esters.[4]
In organic synthesis, a complex of trivinylboroxine with pyridine is often used (O'shea reagent). This complex is a solid that can be stored undisturbed at low temperatures (-20 °C) without evidence of decomposition. The O'shea reagent is also used for the synthesis of vinyl-substituted heterocyclic compounds.[5]
The preparation of ortho-substituted styrenes using trivinylboroxine pyridine complex is of practical importance, for example, in this way benzo-fused rings can be obtained.[6] Also, ortho-substituted styrene derivatives are important substances for the production of polymer materials. Traditional methods for generating styrenes typically involve dehydration under acidic conditions or elimination under basic conditions to form the double bond.
References
edit- ^ "Trivinylboroxin". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Bower, John F.; Williams, Andrew J.; Woodward, Hannah L.; Szeto, Peter; Lawrence, Ron M.; Gallagher, Timothy (2007). "Reactivity of cyclic sulfamidates towards phosphonate-stabilised enolates: synthesis and applications of α-phosphono lactams". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 5 (16): 2636–2644. doi:10.1039/B706315F. PMID 18019539.
- ^ Coleman, Claire M.; O'Shea, Donal F. (1 April 2003). "New Organolithium Addition Methodology to Diversely Functionalized Indoles". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (14): 4054–4055. doi:10.1021/ja034283h. PMID 12670219.
- ^ Staderini, Matteo; Gambardella, Alessia; Lilienkampf, Annamaria; Bradley, Mark (1 June 2018). "A Tetrazine-Labile Vinyl Ether Benzyloxycarbonyl Protecting Group (VeZ): An Orthogonal Tool for Solid-Phase Peptide Chemistry" (PDF). Organic Letters. 20 (11): 3170–3173. doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00898. PMID 29791161.
- ^ Miles, Timothy J.; Axten, Jeffrey M.; Barfoot, Christopher; Brooks, Gerald; Brown, Pamela; Chen, Dongzhao; Dabbs, Steven; Davies, David T.; Downie, David L.; Eyrisch, Susanne; Gallagher, Timothy; Giordano, Ilaria; Gwynn, Michael N.; Hennessy, Alan; Hoover, Jennifer; Huang, Jianzhong; Jones, Graham; Markwell, Roger; Miller, William H.; Minthorn, Elizabeth A.; Rittenhouse, Stephen; Seefeld, Mark; Pearson, Neil (2011). "Novel amino-piperidines as potent antibacterials targeting bacterial type IIA topoisomerases". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 21 (24): 7489–7495. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.117. PMID 22047689.
- ^ Kerins, Fergal; O'Shea, Donal F. (2002). "Generation of Substituted Styrenes via Suzuki Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with 2,4,6-Trivinylcyclotriboroxane". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 67 (14): 4968–4971. doi:10.1021/jo020074o.