The İzmir trolleybus system formed part of the public transport network in the city of İzmir, Turkey, from 1954 to 1992.[1] Operated by ESHOT, the system was one of five trolleybus systems to have existed in Turkey, along with ones in Ankara, Istanbul, Malayta, and Sanliurfa. Prior to the opening of the Malatya system, in 2015,[2] the İzmir system had been the last surviving trolleybus system in Turkey at the time of its closure in 1992.[1] Trolleybuses operated mainly in Konak, with lines to Buca, Balçova and Tepecik.
| İzmir trolleybus system | |
|---|---|
| Operation | |
| Locale | İzmir, Turkey |
| Open | August 16, 1954 |
| Close | March 6, 1992 |
| Status | Closed |
| Routes | 10 |
| Operator(s) | ESHOT |
| Infrastructure | |
| Electrification | 750 V DC parallel overhead lines |
| Stock | 116 (63 new; 73 used); 90 at maximum[1] |
History
editTrolleybuses replaced the declining tramways of İzmir. The first trolleybuses, built by MAN,[3] arrived in İzmir on May 14, 1954, on a ship from Germany.[4] The first trolleybus line opened on July 28, 1954,[4] or August 16, 1954,[1] between Konak and Güzelyalı. The original fleet totalled eighteen vehicles, MAN trolleybuses (model MKE 3) with Rathgeber bodies, numbered 1–18.[1][5] The fleet was expanded in 1957 with a purchase of 20 Fiat 2411F trolleybuses, numbered 19–38.[5]
The İzmir system was the only Turkish trolleybus system ever to use articulated trolleybuses[1] (until the opening of a new system in Malatya in 2015), but it had only three such vehicles, total. They were built by Fiat/Viberti in 1958 and were numbered 39–41.[5] ESHOT never acquired any more articulated trolleybuses. In the 1960s, the high cost of importing new trolleybuses led the company to convert a batch of Büssing motorbuses into trolleybuses.[3] There were three such conversions in 1962, numbered 42 and 44–45, and 18 more in 1968, numbered 46–63.[1]
After the closure of the Istanbul trolleybus system, in 1984, İzmir acquired most of its trolleybuses.[1] These were built in 1962 by Alfa Romeo-Fiat, and a total of 75 were acquired secondhand from Istanbul.[5] This was the last fleet of trolleybuses to enter service in İzmir. As of mid-1989, the active trolleybus fleet included 19 of the 1957 Fiat 2411F vehicles, all three of the 1958 Viberti-bodied Fiat articulated vehicles, one 1959 Fiat 2411F (No. 43), and 67 ex-Istanbul Alfa Romeo-Fiat vehicles built in 1962.[5] The last of the MAN trolleybuses that opened the system were retired in 1987 and the last Büssing vehicles in 1988 or 1989.[5]
Route 3 was withdrawn on June 9, 1989, leaving four routes still operating: 1, 2, 70 and 80.[5]
With its fleet falling apart, ESHOT discontinued trolleybus service in 1992, with different sources giving the date as either March 6, 1992,[4] or September 1992.[1]
Routes
edit- 10 Gümrük–Alsancak - Line later became Route 1.
- 11 Fahrettin Altay–Alsancak - Line later became Route 2.
- 12 Fahrettin Altay–Lausanne Square
- 21 Fahrettin Altay–Montrö
- 30 Fahrettin Altay–Tepecik - Line later became Route 4.
- 40 Fahrettin Altay–Kahramanlar - Line later became Route 3.
- 50 Hatay-Montrö - Line later became Route 86.
- 70 Montrö–Buca
- Fuar Line - A line that circled the International Fairgrounds.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia, pp. 37, 73, 101 and 103. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. ISBN 0-904235-18-1.
- ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 321 (May–June 2015), p. 90. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
- ^ a b Haseldine, Peter (May 1979). "Turkish Delight". Trolleybus Magazine No. 106, pp. 66–69. National Trolleybus Association. ISSN 0266-7452.
- ^ a b c Orhan Berent (2005). İzmir Troleybüsleri (Trolleybuses of İzmir). (in Turkish) Retrieved 2012-01-21.
- ^ a b c d e f g Trolleybus Magazine No. 170 (March–April 1990), pp. 46–48. National Trolleybus Association. ISSN 0266-7452.