Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises (Turkish: Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu, TTK) is the heavily subsidized state owned enterprise which has a virtual monopoly in mining, processing and distribution, including importing, of hard coal in Turkey.[note 1][3][4] According to 21st century data up to 2014 Armutcuk, Karadon and Uzulmez were more hazardous than Amasra and Kozlu mines.[5] Although coal mining accidents in Turkey decreased considerably after the government introduced tougher safety measures in the mid-2010s,[6] the relative danger compared to other occupations since then is not publicly known, as the government restricted access to workplace death statistics.[7] TTK made a loss throughout the 2000s and 2010s: 112,100 lira ($20,000) was lost (operating loss) per employee in 2019.[8]: 35.36
Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu | |
| Abbreviation | TTK |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1983 |
| Type | State Owned Enterprise |
| Headquarters | Zonguldak |
| Products | hard coal |
Official language | Turkish |
| Leader | Kazım Eroğlu |
| Website | taskomuru.gov.tr |
TTK only sells to the public sector.[9]
Sources
edit- Doukas, Alex; Gençsü, Ipek (June 2019). "Turkey: G20 coal subsidies" (PDF). Overseas Development Institute.
- ŞAHIN, Ümit (April 2016). "TURKEY'S COAL POLICIES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ECONOMY AND HEALTH" (PDF). Istanbul Policy Center.
Notes
edit- ^ Taşkömür (literally stone coal) in Turkish means "hard coal". On Wikipedia, hard coal redirects to "anthracite". However total organic carbon of Turkish coal is up to 72.5%,[1] whereas anthracite has over 86%.[2] Therefore Turkey has no anthracite and the use of the phrase "hard coal" for coal mined in Turkey does not mean anthracite.
References
edit- ^ Şen, Şamil (2020-10-15). "Natural fracture, cleat, and strong adsorption impact on low oil and condensate retention in the Carboniferous shales and coals of the western Black Sea Basin of Turkey". AAPG Bulletin. 104 (10): 2125–2143. Bibcode:2020BAAPG.104.2125S. doi:10.1306/02262017372. ISSN 0149-1423.
- ^ "Coal explained - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
- ^ Doukas (2019), p. 2
- ^ Haber7. "TTK'nin ana statüsünü belirlendi". Haber7 (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Erdogan, H. H.; Duzgun, H. S.; Selcuk-Kestel, A. S. (2019-05-01). "Quantitative hazard assessment for Zonguldak Coal Basin underground mines". International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 29 (3): 453–467. Bibcode:2019IJMST..29..453E. doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.11.004. hdl:11511/30186. ISSN 2095-2686.
- ^ "Illegal coal mine collapse kills 2 workers in northern Turkey's Zonguldak". DailySabah. 8 July 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
- ^ Şahin (2016), p. 36
- ^ 2019 Annual Ownership Report for State Owned Enterprises (PDF). Ministry of Treasury and Finance (Turkey) (Report).
- ^ "Rise in European demand for energy jolts Turkey's fading coal industry". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
External links
edit- TTK on the Global Energy Monitor
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