The Two Centenaries (Chinese: 两个一百年) is a political slogan that refers to two 100-year anniversaries and a stated set of economic and political goals advanced by General Secretary Xi Jinping following the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) held in 2012. The Chinese government describes the Two Centenaries as the basic foundation for achieving the "Chinese Dream".[1][2]
Background
editThe "centenaries" refer to two 100-year anniversaries:[1]
- The centenary of the founding of the CCP in 1921. According to official CCP discourse,[3] a Xiaokang society will have been achieved at the conclusion of this centenary.[4][5] While "Xiaokang" – roughly meaning "moderately well-off" – is an abstract theory rooted in Confucianism and socialist ideology, the party has outlined it in terms of doubling of the 2010 per capita income figures.[2]
- The centenary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 2049, at which point, China will have become a "strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and modern socialist country" according to the People's Daily.[6]
History of the slogan
editThe concept was first articulated at the 15th Party Congress held in 1997 during the term of then General Secretary Jiang Zemin.[7][8] Apart from occasional pronouncements in party publications, this concept was not widely discussed again until Xi assumed the party leadership in 2012. Since then, it has become a major part of party slogans, recited in news reports, at conferences, and training sessions for party officials.[8][4]
According to academic Ding Lu, the "so-called Two Centenary Goals underwrite all China’s long-term economic planning programs and contemporary macroeconomic policy agendas."[3]
Celebratory events
edit100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party (2021)
editA ceremony which marked the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CCP (Chinese: 中国共产党成立100周年庆祝活动), or the Centennial of the Chinese Communist Party (Chinese: 中国共产党成立一百周年), took place on 1 July 2021. CCP general secretary Xi Jinping delivered a speech in which he specifically announced the realization of the first goal of the Two Centenaries.[9]
"The Great Journey," an art performance, was also held in prior in the Beijing National Stadium to mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party on 28 June. It was later broadcast by China Media Group on the evening of 1 July 2021.[10]
100th anniversary of the People's Republic of China (2049)
editThe 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国成立100周年), or the Centennial of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国成立一百周年) is expected to fall on 1 October 2049, the National Day of the People's Republic of China.[6]
Responses
editA columnist for The Diplomat suggested that Xi's emphasis on these goals gives objective evaluation criteria for the performance of the CCP and that achieving these goals will be a major test to the legitimacy of CCP rule in the country.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Danzhi, Yang (2019-05-22), Fang, Cai; Nolan, Peter (eds.), "Two Centenary Goals", Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road (1 ed.), Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, pp. 252–256, doi:10.4324/9780429203039-46, ISBN 978-0-429-20303-9, S2CID 198664791, archived from the original on 2022-05-19, retrieved 2022-05-19
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b c Tiezzi, Shannon (February 13, 2015). "Why 2020 Is a Make-or-Break Year for China". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
- ^ a b Lu, Ding (2020-07-02). "China's tough battles to achieve the centenary goals". Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies. 18 (3): 203–207. doi:10.1080/14765284.2020.1822723. ISSN 1476-5284. S2CID 222348716.
- ^ a b Thornton, Patricia M. (November 2021). "Party All the Time: The CCP in Comparative and Historical Perspective". The China Quarterly. 248 (S1): 1–15. doi:10.1017/S0305741021000965. ISSN 0305-7410. S2CID 244021734.
- ^ Yi, Zhang (2022-01-02). "From Building a " Xiaokang Society" to Building a "Modern Socialist Country in All Respects"". Social Sciences in China. 43 (1): 132–148. doi:10.1080/02529203.2022.2051890. ISSN 0252-9203. S2CID 247716395.
- ^ a b 人民日報-兩個一百年 Archived 2015-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lu, Ding (April 2016). "China's "Two Centenary Goals": Progress and Challenge". East Asian Policy. 08 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1142/S1793930516000222. ISSN 1793-9305.
- ^ a b "图解"两个一百年"奋斗目标 (/ 1)". China Internet Information Center. April 1, 2015. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
- ^ "習近平：實現了首個百年奮鬥目標 全面建成小康社會". RTHK (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
- ^ "China holds art performance to celebrate CPC centenary". Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China. Xinhua/China Daily. 2 July 2021. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.