Wikipedia

Types of earthquake

This is a list of different types of earthquake.

A

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  • Aftershock, a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.[1][2]

B

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C

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  • Cryoseism, a seismic event that may be caused by a sudden cracking action in frozen soil or rock saturated with water or ice.[4]

D

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  • Deep-focus earthquake, also called a plutonic earthquake, an earthquake with a depth exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[5]
  • Doublet earthquake, an earthquake that consists of at least two or more mainshocks of nearly identical magnitude, separated by a period of time.[6]

E

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  • Earthquake swarm, events where a local area experiences sequences of many earthquakes striking in a relatively short period of time.[7]

F

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  • Foreshock, an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space.[8]

H

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  • Harmonic tremor, a sustained release of seismic and infrasonic energy typically associated with the underground movement of magma, the venting of volcanic gases from magma, or both.[9]

I

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M

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  • Megathrust earthquake, an earthquake occurring at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another.[14]

R

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S

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  • Slow earthquake, a discontinuous, earthquake-like event that releases energy over a period of hours to months, rather than the seconds to minutes characteristic of a typical earthquake.[16]
  • Submarine earthquake, an earthquake that occurs underwater at the bottom of a body of water, especially an ocean.[17]
  • Supershear earthquake, an earthquake in which the propagation of the rupture along the fault surface occurs at speeds in excess of the seismic shear wave (S-wave) velocity, causing an effect analogous to a sonic boom.[18]
  • Strike-slip earthquake, an earthquake where two pieces of crust slide horizontally past each other.[19]

T

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  • Tsunami earthquake, an earthquake that triggers a tsunami of a magnitude that is very much larger than the magnitude of the earthquake as measured by shorter-period seismic waves.[20]

V

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References

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  1. ^ Mulroy, Clare (December 20, 2022). "What is an aftershock? Learn about the smaller earthquakes impacting Turkey and Syria". USA Today. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  2. ^ "Foreshocks, aftershocks – what's the difference?". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  3. ^ "Blind Thrust Fault". United States Geological Survey. December 31, 2014. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  4. ^ Prociv, Kathryn (February 3, 2023). "Arctic blast could trigger a rare weather phenomenon: Frost quakes". NBC News. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  5. ^ "Determining the Depth of an Earthquake". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  6. ^ Moshou, Alexandra; Konstantaras, Antonios; Argyrakis, Panagiotis; Petrakis, Nikolaos S.; Kapetanakis, Theodoros N.; Vardiambasis, Ioannis O. (July 25, 2022). "Data Management and Processing in Seismology: An Application of Big Data Analysis for the Doublet Earthquake of 2021, 03 March, Elassona, Central Greece". Applied Sciences. 12 (15): 7446. doi:10.3390/app12157446. ISSN 2076-3417.
  7. ^ "Earthquake Swarm". ScienceDirect. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  8. ^ Gates, A.; Ritchie, D. (2006). Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Infobase Publishing. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-8160-6302-4. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
  9. ^ Montegrossi, Giordano; Farina, Angiolo; Fusi, Lorenzo; De Biase, Antonietta (October 8, 2019). "Mathematical model for volcanic harmonic tremors". Nature Publishing Group. 9: 14417. Bibcode:2019NatSR...914417M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50675-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6783453. PMID 31594972.
  10. ^ Kalkan, E.; Gurbuz, C.; Zor, E. (December 2014). "The Usage of Correlation Method for Micro-Earthquake Analysis at Salavatlı Geothermal Area, Aydın, Turkey". American Geophysical Union. 2014: S51A–4392. Bibcode:2014AGUFM.S51A4392K – via Astrophysics Data System.
  11. ^ Bellam, Srigiri Shankar (August 2012). "Assessment of interplate and intraplate earthquakes" (PDF). Texas A&M University Libraries. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  12. ^ Iwata, Tomotaka; Asano, Kimiyuki (2011). "Characterization of the Heterogeneous Source Model of Intraslab Earthquakes Toward Strong Ground Motion Prediction". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 168 (1–2): 117–124. Bibcode:2011PApGe.168..117I. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0128-7. S2CID 140602323.
  13. ^ Senoa, Tetsuzo; Yoshida, Masaki (2004). "Where and why do large shallow intraslab earthquakes occur?". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 141 (3): 183–206. Bibcode:2004PEPI..141..183S. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2003.11.002.
  14. ^ "Questions and Answers on Megathrust Earthquakes". Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  15. ^ Hough, Susan E. (January 1, 2005). "Remotely Triggered Earthquakes Following Moderate Mainshocks (or, Why California Is Not Falling into the Ocean)". GeoScienceWorld. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  16. ^ Becker, Rachel (August 30, 2016). "Slow Earthquakes Are a Thing". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  17. ^ Fryer, Gerard. "How do undersea earthquakes cause tsunamis?". Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  18. ^ Levy D. (December 2, 2005). "A century after the 1906 earthquake, geophysicists revisit 'The Big One' and come up with a new model". Press release. Stanford University. Archived from the original on January 29, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
  19. ^ Adams, Rick (August 2, 2019). "Earthquakes: What Is a Strike Slip Fault?". Spectrum News. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  20. ^ Sun, Lin (August 2020). "Relationships between tsunami size and earthquake magnitude improved by fault parameters". ScholarSpace. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  21. ^ "Volcanic Earthquakes". Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
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