The Underground Area 7 (UA7) experiment was a high-energy physics experiment at the Proton-Antiproton Collider (SppS), a modification of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), at CERN. The purpose of the experiment was to measure the invariant cross section of photons and neutral pions (π0) emitted close to zero degrees, by using silicon shower detectors.[1][2] The experiment data taking ran from 1985 to 1986, and the final analysis was completed in 1996.[1]
 | |
| Key SppS Experiments | |
|---|---|
| UA1 | Underground Area 1 |
| UA2 | Underground Area 2 |
| UA4 | Underground Area 4 |
| UA5 | Underground Area 5 |
| SppS pre-accelerators | |
| PS | Proton Synchrotron |
| AA | Antiproton Accumulator |
The silicon shower detector setup for UA7 uses the same system of the UA4 experiment. The UA7 adds three cylindrical compact calorimeters installed on the antiproton outgoing side, a 4" calorimeter at a Roman pot on a section of the SPS beamline, and 4" and 3" diameter calorimeters just outside the beam pipe.[3] The 3" and 4" calorimeters were composed of tungsten plates interspaced by 9 and 16 layers of silicon wafers respectively, with the same diameter.[3][4] Each silicon plate has an electrode on its front and back surfaces.[5] The direction of the strips on the front and back surface are perpendicular to each other, with the strips on one of the layers oriented at 45° to the others.[2][5] The coordinates of detected events are determined from signals from electrodes which are sent to an amplifier.[5]
The trigger pulse is created by the scintillators at the Roman pot and fast scintillators at a specific angular range. The condition was created by the UA4 trigger system, is similar to that used by the UA1 and UA5 experiments.[3][4][5] The trigger pulse has four categories: single arm trigger, double arm trigger, single arm colariemter trigger, and a double arm calorimeter trigger.[4] These categories identify and select events of interest based on the signals detectors in different parts of the detector.
Results from the UA7 experiment have produced the differential cross section for photons at different centre of mass energies. The data from the experiment rejects the previous claim that Feynman scaling at the fragmentation region (central region) is violated at certain transverse momenta. This would imply that composition of heavy cosmic ray components must be abundant at high energy ranges (1015 - 1016 eV).[4] However, analysis following the completion of the experiment suggests that there was scale-breaking evidence in the forward region within the data collected.[6]
See also
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editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Greybook". greybook.cern.ch. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ^ a b Bourotte, J.; Haguenauer, M.; Pare, E.; Innocente, V.; Lanzano, S.; Kasahara, K.; Muraki, Y.; Yuda, T.; Nakamoto, A.; Murakami, H.; Doke, T.; Kashiwagi, T.; Kikuchi, J.; Masuda, K. (1989-01-01). "Energy and position resolution of silicon calorimeter used in the UA7 experiment" (PDF). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 274 (1): 129–133. Bibcode:1989NIMPA.274..129B. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(89)90370-7. ISSN 0168-9002.
- ^ a b c Pare, E; Doke, T; Haguenauer, Maurice; Innocente, Vincenzo; Kasahara, K; Kashiwagi, T; Kikuchi, J; Lanzano, S; Masuda, K; et al. (22 Dec 1989). "Inclusive production of π0's in the fragmentation region at the SppS collider" (PDF). Phys. Lett. B. 242 (1990): 531–535. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91807-N.
- ^ a b c d Haguenauer, Maurice; Pare, E; Innocente, Vincenzo; Lanzano, S; et al. (Aug 1987). "Observation of Feynman Scaling in the Fragmentation Region at SQRT(S)=630 GEV" (PDF). 20th International Cosmic-ray Conference. 5: 23–26. Bibcode:1987ICRC....5...23C.
- ^ a b c d Innocente, V; Lanzano, S; Dake, T; Kasahara, K; Kashiwagi, T; et al. (18 Jan 1985). "Measurement by Silicon Shower Detectors of the Invariant Cross Section of π0's Emitted Close to Zero Degree" (PDF). SPSC/PS 195 Rev.
- ^ Ohsawa, Akinori (Nov 1994). "Violation of the Feynman Scaling Law in the Forward Region". Progress of Theoretical Physics. 92 (5): 1005–1018. doi:10.1143/PTP.92.1005. ISSN 0033-068X.