UCP2

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UCP2 gene.

UCP2
Identifiers
Aliases	UCP2, BMIQ4, SLC25A8, UCPH, uncoupling protein 2
External IDs	OMIM: 601693; MGI: 109354; HomoloGene: 2516; GeneCards: UCP2; OMA:UCP2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human) Band 11q13.4 Start 73,974,672 bp End 73,983,246 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse) Band 7 E2|7 54.36 cM Start 100,142,544 bp End 100,151,227 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte bronchial epithelial cell right uterine tube spleen epithelium of nasopharynx appendix blood trabecular bone nasal epithelium palpebral conjunctiva Top expressed in blood epithelium of stomach granulocyte lip pyloric antrum fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell mucous cell of stomach tibiofemoral joint molar mesenteric lymph nodes More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity transmembrane transporter activity Cellular component cytoplasm membrane mitochondrial membranes mitochondrial inner membrane integral component of membrane mitochondrion Biological process positive regulation of cell death response to hypoxia response to superoxide response to fatty acid female pregnancy cellular response to amino acid starvation negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus ageing negative regulation of apoptotic process response to glucose regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential liver regeneration cellular response to hormone stimulus cellular response to insulin stimulus cellular response to glucose stimulus response to cold mitochondrial transmembrane transport adaptive thermogenesis mitochondrial transport proton transmembrane transport positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7351 22228 Ensembl ENSG00000175567 ENSMUSG00000033685 UniProt P55851 P70406 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003355 NM_011671 RefSeq (protein) NP_003346 NP_001368872 NP_001368873 NP_001368874 NP_001368876 NP_001368877 NP_001368878 NP_001368879 NP_035801 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 73.97 – 73.98 Mb Chr 7: 100.14 – 100.15 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate, or uncouple, oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells, which reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

In contrast to UCP1 and UCP3, which are primarily expressed in adipose and smooth muscle, UCP2 is expressed on many different tissues including the kidney, liver, GI tract, brain, and skeletal muscle.

The exact mechanisms of anion transfer by UCPs are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. Although it was originally thought to play a role in non-shivering thermogenesis, obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, it now appears that the main function of UCP2 is the control of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species.

Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'.

Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2

See also

• Uncoupling protein

Further reading

• Ricquier D, Bouillaud F (2000). "The uncoupling protein homologues: UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, StUCP and AtUCP". Biochem. J. 345 (2): 161–79. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3450161. PMC 1220743. PMID 10620491.
• Saleh MC, Wheeler MB, Chan CB (2002). "Uncoupling protein-2: evidence for its function as a metabolic regulator". Diabetologia. 45 (2): 174–87. doi:10.1007/s00125-001-0737-x. PMID 11935148.
• Muzzin P (2002). "The uncoupling proteins". Ann. Endocrinol. 63 (2 Pt 1): 106–10. PMID 11994670.
• Horvath TL, Diano S, Barnstable C (2003). "Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 in the central nervous system: neuromodulator and neuroprotector". Biochem. Pharmacol. 65 (12): 1917–21. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00143-6. PMID 12787871.
• Paradis E, Clavel S, Bouillaud F, et al. (2004). "Uncoupling protein 2: a novel player in neuroprotection". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 9 (12): 522–5. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2003.10.009. PMID 14659466.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Fleury C, Neverova M, Collins S, et al. (1997). "Uncoupling protein-2: a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia". Nat. Genet. 15 (3): 269–72. doi:10.1038/ng0397-269. PMID 9054939. S2CID 13421247.
• Gimeno RE, Dembski M, Weng X, et al. (1997). "Cloning and characterization of an uncoupling protein homolog: a potential molecular mediator of human thermogenesis". Diabetes. 46 (5): 900–6. doi:10.2337/diabetes.46.5.900. PMID 9133562.
• Boss O, Samec S, Paoloni-Giacobino A, et al. (1997). "Uncoupling protein-3: a new member of the mitochondrial carrier family with tissue-specific expression". FEBS Lett. 408 (1): 39–42. Bibcode:1997FEBSL.408...39B. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00384-0. PMID 9180264. S2CID 33808140.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Hodný Z, Kolárová P, Rossmeisl M, et al. (1998). "High expression of uncoupling protein 2 in foetal liver". FEBS Lett. 425 (2): 185–90. Bibcode:1998FEBSL.425..185H. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00230-0. PMID 9559644. S2CID 35050170.
• Argyropoulos G, Brown AM, Peterson R, et al. (1998). "Structure and organization of the human uncoupling protein 2 gene and identification of a common biallelic variant in Caucasian and African-American subjects". Diabetes. 47 (4): 685–7. doi:10.2337/diabetes.47.4.685. PMID 9568704. S2CID 38803735.
• Tu N, Chen H, Winnikes U, et al. (1999). "Structural organization and mutational analysis of the human uncoupling protein-2 (hUCP2) gene". Life Sci. 64 (3): PL41–50. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00555-4. PMID 10027754.
• Pecqueur C, Cassard-Doulcier AM, Raimbault S, et al. (1999). "Functional organization of the human uncoupling protein-2 gene, and juxtaposition to the uncoupling protein-3 gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 255 (1): 40–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.0146. PMID 10082652.
• Jezek P, Urbánková E (2000). "Specific sequence of motifs of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins". IUBMB Life. 49 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1080/713803586. PMID 10772343. S2CID 8541209.
• Pierrat B, Ito M, Hinz W, et al. (2000). "Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 interact with members of the 14.3.3 family". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (9): 2680–7. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01285.x. PMID 10785390.
• Esterbauer H, Schneitler C, Oberkofler H, et al. (2001). "A common polymorphism in the promoter of UCP2 is associated with decreased risk of obesity in middle-aged humans". Nat. Genet. 28 (2): 178–83. doi:10.1038/88911. PMID 11381268. S2CID 29550924.
• Echtay KS, Roussel D, St-Pierre J, et al. (2002). "Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins". Nature. 415 (6867): 96–9. Bibcode:2002Natur.415...96E. doi:10.1038/415096a. PMID 11780125. S2CID 4349744.
• Rupprecht A, Sittner D, Smorodchenko A, Hilse KE, Goyn J, Moldzio R, Seiler AE, Bräuer AU, Pohl EE (2014). "Uncoupling protein 2 and 4 expression pattern during stem cell differentiation provides new insight into their putative function". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e88474. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988474R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088474. PMC 3921169. PMID 24523901.
• Rupprecht A, Bräuer AU, Smorodchenko A, Goyn J, Hilse KE, Shabalina IG, Infante-Duarte C, Pohl EE (2012). "Quantification of uncoupling protein 2 reveals its main expression in immune cells and selective up-regulation during T-cell proliferation". PLOS ONE. 7 (8): e41406. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...741406R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041406. PMC 3411681. PMID 22870219.