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Ulmus minor var. italica

Ulmus minor var. italica was first described by Augustine Henry in 1913, as a 'variety' of field elm from Italy, Spain, Portugal and Algeria. He called it Ulmus nitens var. italica, 'Mediterranean Elm'.[1][note 1] The variety was accepted by Krüssman (1984), despite the wide source-area claimed for it, as a non-clonal cultivar, U. carpinifolia var. italica Henry.[2] Bean (1988), however, considered it "a variety of rather dubious standing",[3] and it was ignored by Richens (1983), who listed instead a "small-leaved U. minor of Spain" and a "narrow-leaved U. minor of northern and central Italy", as well as "the densely hairy leaved U. minor of southern Italy",[4] the latter being Ulmus minor subsp. canescens, formerly Melville's Ulmus canescens.

Ulmus minor var. italica
Leaf and samara drawing of var. italica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Ulmus
Species:
U. minor
Variety:
U. m. var. italica
Trinomial name
Ulmus minor var. italica

Description

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Henry described var. italica as a smooth-leaved field elm growing to 80 feet, distinguished by its 14 to 18 pairs of leaf-veins, an unusually high number for this species. Several Italian field elm authorities offering diagnostic leaf-photographs of local olmo campestre show leaves with 14 to 18 vein-pairs.[5][6][7][8][9] Henry's description also mentions leathery leaves, conspicuous axil-tufts, and a quarter-inch (about 1 cm) petiole.

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    Specimen of var. italica, Via Ronchi, Villamarzana. Veneto, Italy (2020)[10]
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    Branching of var. italica
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    Bole of var. italica
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    Bark of var. italica
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    Foliage of var. italica, with leaves matching Henry's 1913 description and drawing

Pests and diseases

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Italian field elm is susceptible to Dutch elm disease and Elm leaf beetle Xanthogalerucella luteola Müll.[11]

Cultivation

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" ... The most exquisite districts, from an Anglo-Saxon point of appreciation, where magnificent elms, fresh green meadows, luxuriant cattle, running brooks, and a variety of wild flowers, unite to give the landscape a parklike aspect, are the valley of the Arrone near Boccea and the valley of the Rivus Albanus near Decimo."

– From Rodolfo Lanciani , Wanderings in the Roman Campagna (1909), p. 68.[12]

Field elm has been described as "a well adapted and appreciated species" in Italy.[11] Henry gave examples of cultivation of var. italica both there and in the wider source-area claimed for it. Of plantings outside the source-area, he mentioned a specimen sent to Kew Gardens, while Krüssman (1984) included a photograph of var. italica Henry planted in Gisselfeld Park, Denmark.[2] There was a tree so labelled in Maastricht in the mid-20th century.[13] The variety was propagated and marketed by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire, in the mid-20th century.[14][15][16] E. E. Kemp, curator of Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, noted (1979) that in the Netherlands, "where much nursery stock of smooth-leaved elm is raised, about 75% of the seed is obtained from Italian suppliers".[17]

Notable trees

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Henry described a number of notable old specimens "of this variety", including one at the Villa Paveri-Fontana, Collecchio, Parma, with a bole 20 feet in girth. A centuries-old field elm, 5.5 metres in girth and possibly an example of Henry's var. italica, survives (2009) in the town of Mergozzo in Piedmont.

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    Villa Paveri-Fontana, Collecchio, in Henry's day
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    L'Olmo di Mergozzo, Piedmont, present in 1600
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    Same, 2019
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    Trunk detail of same

Notes

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  1. ^ Elwes and Henry did not, however, include the field elms of Greece or Asia Minor in their research, so it is not known whether their 'Mediterranean elm' extends further east.

References

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  1. ^ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. pp. 1892–1893.
  2. ^ a b Krüssman, Gerd, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs (1984 vol. 3), pl.144
  3. ^ Bean, W. J., Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain (1988) beanstreesandshrubs.org
  4. ^ Richens, R. H., Elm (Cambridge 1983), p.18
  5. ^ floraitaliae.actaplantarum.org
  6. ^ meditflora.com
  7. ^ bonsaiaq.altervista.org
  8. ^ luirig.altervista.org
  9. ^ ifepadova.it
  10. ^ var. italica, 130 Via Ronchi, Veneto, Italy - Google Maps, September 2011, access date: 18 August, 2022
  11. ^ a b Mittempergher, L., 'Dutch elm disease in Italy', in Research on Dutch Elm Disease in Europe, ed. D. A. Burdekin (London, 1983), p.105-6
  12. ^ Elms by Rivus Albanus near Decimo, now the Regional Park of Decima-Malafede; photo by A. Vochieri, in Lanciani, Rodolfo, Wanderings in the Roman Campagna (1909), p. 71
  13. ^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853142". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. nitens var. italica Henry, Maastricht, 1932
  14. ^ Trees and Shrubs Catalogue, Hillier & Sons, 1958–1959
  15. ^ Hillier & Sons (1977). Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.
  16. ^ Hillier & Sons Sales inventory 1962 to 1977 (unpublished).
  17. ^ Kemp, Eddie (1979). "The Plantsman's Elm". In Clouston, Brian; Stansfield, Kathy (eds.). After the Elm. London: William Heinemann Ltd. p. 35. ISBN 9780434139002.
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