Wikipedia

Underwater Hockey World Championships

The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey. The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.

Underwater Hockey World Championships
Tournament information
SportUnderwater Hockey
Established1980; 44 years ago (1980)
FormatSingle round robin then playoffs
Current champion
Elite
New Zealand New Zealand (men's; 2023)
Australia Australia (women's; 2023)
Masters
United States United States (men's; 2023)
France France (women's; 2023)
U-24
New Zealand New Zealand (men's; 2024)
New Zealand New Zealand (women's; 2024)
U-19
New Zealand New Zealand (men's; 2024)
Australia Australia (women's; 2024)

History

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The championship was first held in 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada after the intended initial championship scheduled for 1979 was beset by difficulties and ultimately postponed, due to the invitation of a team from South Africa and the problems associated with apartheid.[citation needed]

Subsequently, a world championship has been held every two years in locations around the world up until 2006. 2006 saw many CMAS-affiliated national federations as well as the majority of the CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission members in dispute with CMAS over policy and governance matters concerning underwater hockey. Out of the divide the World Aquachallenge Association (WAA) - an alternative governing body - was born.[1]

In 2007 CMAS intended to incorporate the Underwater Hockey World Championship into its inaugural World Games event in Bari, Italy, an ambitious event intended to showcase all of the underwater disciplines (Underwater Rugby, Finswimming etc) governed by them in one place. As far as underwater hockey goes this event was poorly attended, in part due to it being 'out of synch' with many affiliated federations' training calendars and budgets. The following year - the 'normal' world championship year - the WAA organised their 'rival' 1st World Championship event in Durban, South Africa. This is now held by many to have been the official 2008 World Championship despite it being poorly attended too, in part this time because CMAS organised a major underwater hockey 'zone' event to be held in Istanbul, Turkey on exactly the same dates meaning a majority of European federations were forced to choose which championship their representative teams attended.[citation needed]

The WAA was short-lived and since 2008 CMAS has once again administered all the world championship events in various age/gender divisions with the most recent having been held in Quebec City, Canada in 2018. World championships in the different age categories are now scheduled for every second year.[2]

Editions summary

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Championships conducted by CMAS

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Source:[3]

Key Cancelled[a]

Senior

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Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Ref.
1980 July 12 – 16 1st World Championship   Vancouver, Canada[5] 5 Men's   Netherlands   Great Britain   Australia   Canada [6]
1982 February 20 – 25 2nd World Championship   Brisbane, Australia[7] 2 Men's   Australia   New Zealand — — [6]
3 Women's   Australia   New Zealand   Canada —
1984 May 1 – 10 3rd World Championship   Chicago, United States[8] 8 Men's   Australia   Netherlands   Great Britain   United States [6]
Women's   Australia   New Zealand   United States   Canada
1986 April 16 – 27 4th World Championship   Adelaide, Australia[9] 7 Men's   Canada   Australia   New Zealand   Netherlands [6]
2 Women's   Australia   New Zealand — —
1988 April 5 – 13 5th World Championship   Amersfoort, Netherlands[10] 9 Men's   Australia   Netherlands   Canada   New Zealand [6]
Women's   New Zealand   United States   Australia   Great Britain
1990 May 31 – June 9 6th World Championship   Montreal, Canada[11] 9 Men's   Australia   Great Britain   Canada   New Zealand [6]
Women's   Australia   New Zealand   United States   Great Britain
1992 May 12 – 20 7th World Championship   Wellington, New Zealand[12] 9 Men's Elite   Australia   New Zealand   South Africa   Great Britain [6]
Men's Masters   Australia   New Zealand — —
Women's   South Africa   Australia   New Zealand   Great Britain
1994 April 17 – 24 8th World Championship   Grand Couronne, France[13] 10 Men's Elite   Australia   South Africa   United States   France [6]
Men's Masters   South Africa   Great Britain   Australia   France
Women's   Australia   South Africa   Great Britain   France
1996 July 11 – 20 9th World Championship   Durban, South Africa[14] 11 Men's Elite   Australia   South Africa   New Zealand   Netherlands [6]
Men's Masters   South Africa   Australia   Great Britain   United States
Women's   South Africa   Australia   France   New Zealand
1998 June 4 – 13 10th World Championship   San José, United States[15] 14 Men's Elite   France   South Africa   Australia   New Zealand [6]
Men's Masters   South Africa   Great Britain   United States   Australia
Women's Elite   South Africa   Australia   United States   Canada
Women's Masters   South Africa   United States   Great Britain —
2000 April 25 – 29 11th World Championship   Hobart, Australia[16] 15 Men's Elite   Australia   France   Canada   South Africa [6]
Men's Masters   Australia   South Africa   New Zealand   United States
Women's Elite   Australia   Canada   South Africa   United States
Women's Masters   South Africa   Australia   New Zealand   Great Britain
2002 July 20 – 28 12th World Championship   Calgary, Canada[17] 13 Men's Elite   Australia   New Zealand   France   Netherlands [6]
Men's Masters   United States   South Africa   Great Britain   Canada
Women's Elite   Australia   Canada   South Africa   Great Britain
Women's Masters   South Africa   Australia   United States   Great Britain
Youth   Great Britain   United States   Canada —
2004 March 22 – 31 13th World Championship   Christchurch, New Zealand[18] 9 Men's: Elite   New Zealand   Australia   France   Netherlands [6]
Men's: Masters   United States   Australia   France   Great Britain
Men's: U-19   New Zealand   Great Britain   Australia   United States
Women's: Elite   Netherlands   New Zealand   South Africa   France
Women's: Masters   United States   Australia   France   Great Britain
Women's: U-19   New Zealand   Great Britain   South Africa —
2006 August 15 – 24 14th World Championship   Sheffield, United Kingdom[19][20] 17 Men's: Elite   New Zealand   Netherlands   France   Australia [21][6]
Men's: Masters   United States   South Africa   France   Great Britain
Men's: U-19   New Zealand   Great Britain   France   Canada
Women's: Elite   Australia   South Africa   Netherlands   Great Britain
Women's: Masters   United States   Great Britain   Canada —
Women's: U-19   New Zealand   Great Britain   South Africa —
2007 July 31 – August 4 Disputed 15th World Championship
(Part of 1st CMAS Games) 		  Bari, Italy[22] 6[23] Men's: Elite   France   Turkey Unknown [24]
4[23] Women's: Elite   France   Turkey Unknown
2009[b] August 21 – 29 16th World Championship   Kranj, Slovenia[25][26] 12 Men's: Elite   France   South Africa   Great Britain   Turkey [6][27]
7 Women's: Elite   Great Britain   South Africa Unknown
2011 August 16 – 27 17th World Championship   Coimbra, Portugal[28][29] 10 Men's: Elite   Australia   South Africa   Colombia   France [6]
8 Women's: Elite   Great Britain   Australia Unknown
2013 August 23 – September 1 18th World Championship[30]   Eger, Hungary[31] 15 Men's: Elite   France   New Zealand   Australia   Great Britain [32][6][33]
9 Men's: Masters   Australia   Netherlands   Great Britain Unknown
16 Women's: Elite   New Zealand   Great Britain Unknown   Australia
6 Women's: Masters   Australia   South Africa   Great Britain Unknown
2016 March 22 – April 2 19th World Championship   Stellenbosch, South Africa
[citation needed] 		14 Men's: Elite   Australia   Turkey   Great Britain   Colombia [34]
13 Men's: Masters   Australia   Great Britain   France   Netherlands
9 Women's: Elite   South Africa   New Zealand   France   Colombia
8 Women's: Masters   Australia   South Africa   Colombia   France
2018 July 18 – 28 20th World Championship   Quebec City, Canada[35] 14 Men's: Elite   New Zealand   France   Turkey   Great Britain [36]
13 Men's: Masters   France   South Africa   Canada   Great Britain
9 Women's: Elite   New Zealand   Great Britain   Colombia   South Africa
6 Women's: Masters   France   Australia   Colombia   Canada
2020,
moved to 2021 		July 20– August 1 21st World Championship
cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic 		  Gold Coast, Australia N/A Men's: Elite N/A
Men's: Masters N/A
Women's: Elite N/A
Women's: Masters N/A
2022 July 23 – 31 World Cup
(International Restart Event)[c] 		  Ankara, Turkey Men's: Elite Unknown
Men's: Masters Unknown
Women's: Elite Unknown
Women's: Masters Unknown
2023[d] July 18 – 30 21st World Championship   Gold Coast, Australia 12 Men's: Elite   New Zealand   France   Great Britain   Turkey [38]
8 Men's: Masters   United States   France   New Zealand   Australia
13 Women's: Elite   Australia   France   Colombia   Great Britain
5 Women's: Masters   France   Australia   New Zealand   United States

Junior

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Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Ref.
2013 August 23 – September 1 2nd Junior World Championship[e]   Eger, Hungary 6 Men's: U-23   New Zealand   Australia   Colombia   France [32][6][33]
7 Men's: U-19   Colombia   New Zealand   France   Australia
5 Women's: U-23   New Zealand   Colombia   Great Britain   Turkey
4 Women's: U-19   New Zealand   Colombia   South Africa   Australia
2015 August 6 – 15 3rd Junior World Championship   Castello de la Plana, Spain 8 Men's: U-23   Turkey   Australia   New Zealand   Colombia [6][39]
10 Men's: U-19   New Zealand   France   Colombia   Great Britain
8 Women's: U-23   Colombia   Netherlands   Great Britain   Australia
8 Women's: U-19   South Africa   New Zealand   France   Colombia
2017 July 15 – 23 4th Junior World Championship   Hobart, Australia 10 Men's: U-23   Turkey   France   Colombia   New Zealand [40][41]
9 Men's: U-19   France   Great Britain   New Zealand   Australia
8 Women's: U-23   New Zealand   Colombia   South Africa   Great Britain
7 Women's: U-19   New Zealand   Australia   South Africa   Colombia
2019 August 14 – 24 5th Junior World Championship   Sheffield, United Kingdom 11 Men's: U-24   Turkey   Great Britain   New Zealand   South Africa [42]
7 Men's: U-19   New Zealand   Great Britain   Spain   South Africa
7 Women's: U-24   New Zealand   France   South Africa   Great Britain
5 Women's: U-19   New Zealand   Colombia   France   Great Britain
2021,
moved to 2022 		July 23 – 31 World Cup
(International Restart Event)[c][f] 		  Ankara, Turkey[g] Men's: U-24 Unknown
Men's: U-19 Unknown
Women's: U-24 Unknown
Women's: U-19 Unknown
2024 July 16 – 27 6th Junior World Championship   Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Men's: U-24   New Zealand   Australia   Great Britain   France [43]
Men's: U-19   New Zealand   France   Turkey   Australia
Women's: U-24   New Zealand   France   Colombia   Turkey
Women's: U-19   Australia   France   New Zealand   Colombia

Championships conducted by WAA

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The 1st WAA World Championships is considered by some as being the legitimate 15th Championships.[44]

Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Ref.
2008 April 25 – May 3 Alternative 15th World Championship and 1st Junior World Championship   Durban, South Africa[45][44] 10 Men's: Elite   France   New Zealand   South Africa   Australia [6][46]
Men's: Masters   South Africa   Netherlands   France   Great Britain
Men's: U-19   Spain   New Zealand   South Africa   Colombia
Women's: Elite   Australia   South Africa   Netherlands   New Zealand
Women's: U-19   New Zealand   Colombia   South Africa   Spain

Results by nation

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Key Most successful in given category
Nation Titles Men's Elite Women's Elite Men's Masters Women's Masters Men's U-23/24 Women's U-23/24 Men's U-19 Women's U-19
  Australia 27 11: 1982, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2016 9: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008[h], 2023 4: 1992, 2000, 2013, 2016 2: 2013, 2016 1: 2024
  New Zealand 24 4: 2004, 2006, 2018, 2023 3: 1988, 2013, 2018 2: 2013, 2024 4: 2013, 2017, 2019, 2024 5: 2004, 2006, 2015, 2019, 2024 6: 2004, 2006, 2008,[h] 2013, 2017, 2019
  South Africa 11 4: 1992, 1996, 1998, 2016 3: 1996, 1998, 2008[h] 3: 1998, 2000, 2002 1: 2015
  France 10 5: 1998, 2007, 2008,[h] 2009, 2013 1: 2007 1: 2018 2: 2018, 2023 1: 2017
  United States 6 4: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2023 2: 2004, 2006
  Turkey 3 3: 2015, 2017, 2019
  Great Britain 2: 2009, 2011 1: 2002
  Colombia 2 1: 2015 1: 2013
  The Netherlands 1: 1980 1: 2004
  Canada 1 1: 1986
  Spain 1: 2008[h]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The 2020 World Championships, later moved to 2021, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]
  2. ^ Due to the 2007–08 CMAS–WAA dispute, preceded World Championships occurred on odd years.
  3. ^ a b The 2022 Underwater Hockey World Cup, originally intended to be the 6th Junior World Championship and held in 2021, was the first major international tournament since the COVID-19 pandemic. The competition was reformatted to serve as an international restart tournament for all nations teams, elite, masters, and youth. The tournament will serve as a warm up to the 21st World Championship in 2023 and 6th Junior World Championship in 2024. Winners of the tournament were not crowned world champions.[37]
  4. ^ Originally scheduled for 2020
  5. ^ Held simultaneously with 18th World Championship
  6. ^ Held simultaneously with elite and masters World Cup
  7. ^ Originally to be held in Istanbul
  8. ^ a b c d e WAA

References

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  1. ^ "2008 Meeting Minutes" (PDF). WAA. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  2. ^ "About Underwater Hockey". CMAS.
  3. ^ "Championships Archive".
  4. ^ "🇦🇺 21th [sic] CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships. Gold Coast, Australia – Suspended". 29 March 2021.
  5. ^ "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "World Championship Results". 19 April 2012.
  7. ^ "1982 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Brisbane, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  8. ^ "1984 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Chicago, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  9. ^ "1986 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Adelaide, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  10. ^ "1988 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  11. ^ "1990 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Montreal, Quebec, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  12. ^ "1992 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Wellington, New Zealand". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  13. ^ "1994 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  14. ^ "1996 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Durban, South Africa<". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  15. ^ "1998 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - San Jose, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  16. ^ "2000 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  17. ^ "2002 World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Calgary, Alberta, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  18. ^ "2004 World Underwater Hockey Championship FINAL - Christchurch, New Zealand, 22nd to 31st March 2004". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  19. ^ "2006 - 14th World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Sheffield, United Kingdom 15th August to 24th August 2006". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  20. ^ "2006 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships, Sheffield, UK (Official Website)". 2006 World Championship Committee. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  21. ^ "Home". uwhworlds2006.net.
  22. ^ "1st CMAS World Games Underwater Hockey Tournament Bari, Italy - 31st July to 4th August 2007". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  23. ^ a b "🌎 Tiempo de Hockey Subacuático". 25 April 2008.
  24. ^ "Quebec 2018 #18 - NZL-TUR semi-final Prologue". 19 January 2019.
  25. ^ "2nd CMAS WORLD GAMES UNDERWATER HOCKEY TOURNAMENT Kranj, Slovinia - 21st to 29th August 2009". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  26. ^ "KRANJ 16th CMAS UNDERWATER HOCKEY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  27. ^ Kirby, Ken (2009-08-29). "BOA Bulletin 172; Congratulations to GB Squads in Slovenia". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
  28. ^ "3rd CMAS World Underwater Hockey Games (17th World Championship) Elite Teams Tournament Coimbra, Portugal, 16th to 27th August 2011". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  29. ^ "17th Underwater Hockey World Championship". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  30. ^ "18th CMAS WC 2013 Initial Groups" (PDF). CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  31. ^ "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger - Hungary. Information Pack is out". CMAS. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  32. ^ a b "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger- Hungary. Information Pack is out".
  33. ^ a b Stillwell, Andrew (2013-09-18). "18th World Championships Summary (Bulletin 231)". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
  34. ^ "🇿🇦 Final Results 19th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championship. South Africa 2016". 2 April 2016.
  35. ^ "2018 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada". www.cmas.com. 27 November 2018.
  36. ^ "Underwater Hockey Scores".
  37. ^ "🇹🇷 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Cup – Istambul, Turkey 2022". 26 March 2022.
  38. ^ "Loading - UWH Portal". 20 July 2023.
  39. ^ "login screen". www.cmas.org. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  40. ^ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
  41. ^ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
  42. ^ "Overall Results".
  43. ^ "CMAS 6th Underwater Hockey Age Group World Championship - UWH Portal". 19 July 2024.
  44. ^ a b "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  45. ^ "World Championship results". World Aquachallenge Association. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  46. ^ Mitchell, Alun. "International UWH competitions press release (bulletin 140)". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
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