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List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea

(Redirected from United Nations sanctions on North Korea)

The Security Council of the United Nations (UNSC) has adopted 21 resolutions concerning North Korea. Five resolutions were adopted during the Korean War in the 1950s.

U.S. Ambassador to the UN Warren Austin demonstrates a Soviet-made submachine gun to the Security Council during the Korean War.

United Nations North Korea

In 1991, a single resolution was adopted regarding North Korea's accession to membership in the UN. Since then, many resolutions have been adopted in relation to the North Korean missile and nuclear program.

Background

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  • The UN Security Council toughens the sanctions in response to North Korea's nuclear and missile tests.[1]
  • The sanctions on North Korea are mainly economic in nature, regulating North Korea's economic activities such as trade with China. The resolutions' sanction mainly 'demands North Korea refrain from further nuclear or missile tests and return to the NPT'. Moreover, the sanctions resolutions try to ban North Korea's ability of exporting their natural resources such as coal and iron ore, and prohibit member states' exports to North Korea, actions which may contribute to North Korea's further nuclear and missile tests.[2]
  • The UN Security Council tries to urge North Korea for denuclearization, a measure that has proven to be ineffective in preventing further nuclear and missile tests.[3]
  • Meanwhile, the most severe sanction of the UNSC is found to be a ban on crude oil exports to North Korea, but such sanction has not been executed yet. The first step for such sanctions to proceed is the achievement of a consensus between member states and international society.[4]

List

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  Related to the Korean War
  Related to UN membership
  Related to non-proliferation
Resolution Content Date Ref(s)
S/RES/82 Held that North Korea's invasion of South Korea in the Korean War constituted a "breach of peace" and demanded immediate cessation of hostilities. The demand was to end North Korea's invasion of South Korea. Ratified by nine votes with Yugoslavia abstaining and the Soviet Union absent. 25 June 1950 [5][6]
S/RES/83 Recommended UN member states to provide assistance to South Korea in the Korean War to repel the attack by North Korea and restore peace and security.

North Korea did not comply with Security Council Resolution 82. The council required North Korea to withdraw the armed forces at 38th parallel. Ratified by seven votes with Yugoslavia voting against, Egypt and India not voting, and the Soviet Union absent.

27 June 1950 [7][5]
S/RES/84 Established a unified command led by the United States to coordinate the war effort of allies of South Korea in the Korean War.

North Korea's invasion of the Republic of Korea was the threat to international security and peace. Ratified by seven votes with Egypt, India, and Yugoslavia abstaining and the Soviet Union absent.

7 July 1950 [7]
S/RES/85 Coordinated relief for victims of the Korean War. Held that North Korea's invasion of South Korea in the war constituted an "unlawful attack". Adopted by nine votes with Yugoslavia abstaining and the Soviet Union absent. 31 July 1950 [6][7]
S/RES/90 Unanimously removed the Korean War from the agenda of the Security Council. 31 January 1951 [6][7]
S/RES/702 Recommended both North Korea and South Korea for UN membership. 8 August 1991 [8]
S/RES/825 Urged North Korea to reconsider its withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and abide by its international obligations. Adopted by 13 votes with China and Pakistan abstaining. 11 May 1993 [8]
S/RES/1695 Condemned North Korea's 2006 launch of ballistic missiles and imposed sanctions against North Korea. Unanimously adopted. 15 July 2006 [8]
S/RES/1718 Expressed concern over North Korea's 2006 nuclear test, imposed sanctions and set up the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea. A Panel of Experts was established to support the Committee. Unanimously adopted. 14 October 2006 [8][9][10][11][12]
S/RES/1874 Expressed concern over North Korea's 2009 nuclear test. Extended sanctions to concern all arms material and related financial transactions, technical training, advice, services or assistance, manufacture and maintenance. Unanimously adopted. 12 June 2009 [8][12]
S/RES/1887 Called for implementing the UNSC Resolution 1540 for nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament. Unanimously adopted. 24 September 2009 [8][12]
S/RES/1928 Extended the mandate of the Panel of Experts until 12 June 2011. Unanimously adopted. 7 June 2010 [8]
S/RES/1985 Extended the mandate of the Panel of Experts until 12 June 2012 and asked it to submit its midterm and final reports to the Sanctions Committee for discussion one month before they are submitted to the Security Council. Unanimously adopted. 10 June 2011 [8]
S/RES/2050 Extended the mandate of the Panel of Experts until 12 June 2013. Unanimously adopted. 12 June 2012 [8]
S/RES/2087 Condemned North Korea's 2012 satellite launch and added to sanctions. Unanimously adopted. 22 January 2013 [8][12]
S/RES/2094 Imposed sanctions after North Korea's 2013 nuclear test.

Enforcing sanctions on North Korea to condemn the third nuclear test. Unanimously adopted.

7 March 2013 [8][12]
S/RES/2141 Extended the mandate of the Panel of Experts until 5 April 2015. 5 March 2014 [8]
S/RES/2207 Extended the mandate of the Panel of Experts until 5 April 2016. Unanimously adopted. 4 March 2015 [8]
S/RES/2270 Imposed sanctions after North Korea's 2016 nuclear and missile test. Sanctions include inspection of all passing cargo to and from North Korea, prohibition of all weapons trade with the country, additional restrictions on North Korean imports of luxury goods, and expulsion of certain North Korean diplomats suspected of illicit activities. Unanimously adopted. 2 March 2016 [8][13][12]
S/RES/2276 Extends the mandate of the Panel of Experts assisting the DPRK Sanctions Committee established in UNSC Res 1718. 24 March 2016 [14]
S/RES/2321 The UNSC unanimously strengthened its sanctions regime against the DPRK, in response to that country's 9 September nuclear test. 30 November 2016 [15]
S/RES/2345 The UNSC extended the mandate of the Panel of Experts into 2018. 23 March 2017 [8]
S/RES/2356 The UNSC unanimously sanctioned a list of individuals and entities designated as being engaged in or providing support for Pyongyang's nuclear-related program. 2 June 2017 [16]
S/RES/2371 The UNSC unanimously strengthened its sanctions regime against the DPRK, in response to that country's 28 July 2017 missile test. Unanimously adopted. 5 August 2017 [17][18][19]
S/RES/2375 The UNSC unanimously strengthened its oil sanctions regime against the DPRK, in response to that country's sixth nuclear test. 'At the current annual level of 4 million barrels and limits exports of refined petroleum products to the country to 2 million barrels annually. They together slash North Korea's oil supplies from outside by 30 percent. It also bans overseas sales of North Korean textiles and further restricts the country's exports of its workers.'[20] Unanimously adopted. 11 September 2017 [21][22][23]
S/RES/2397 The UNSC unanimously strengthened sanctions in response to the launch of Hwasong-15 intercontinental ballistic missile. Unanimously adopted. 22 December 2017 [24]
S/RES/2407 Extends the mandate of S/RES/1718 until 24 April 2019 and further enforcement of prior resolutions. 21 March 2018 [25]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Adams, Benson D. (1971). Ballistic Missile Defense. American Elsevier Publishing Company.
  2. ^ Allison, Graham T. (2004). Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-7651-6.
  3. ^ Carter, Ashton B.; Schwartz, David N., eds. (1984). Ballistic Missile Defense. Brookings Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  4. ^ "UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea – Arms Control Association". www.armscontrol.org. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  5. ^ a b Schrijver, Nico (2015). "The Ban on the Use of Force in the UN Charter". In Weller, Marc (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 478. ISBN 978-0-19-165391-9.
  6. ^ a b c Klabbers, Jan (2015). "Intervention, Armed Intervention, Armed Attack, Threat to Peace, Act of Aggression, and Threat or Use of Force: What's the Difference?". In Weller, Marc (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 494. ISBN 978-0-19-165391-9.
  7. ^ a b c d Wellens, Karel C., ed. (1990). Resolutions and Statements of the United Nations Security Council: (1946–1989); a Thematic Guide. Dordrecht: BRILL. p. 251. ISBN 0-7923-0796-8.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "UN Documents for DPRK (North Korea): Security Council Resolutions [View All Security Council Resolutions]". securitycouncilreport.org. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  9. ^ "UN Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006) – Work and mandate". New York, USA: United Nations Security Council. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  10. ^ Salomon, Salem (22 March 2017). "Sanctioned and Shunned, North Korea Finds Arms Deals in Africa". Voice of America. USA. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  11. ^ Berger, Andrea (16 March 2017). "A Familiar Story: The New UN Report on North Korean Sanctions Implementation". 38 North, U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. USA. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Davenport, Kelsey (1 March 2016). "UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea". Washington, D.C., USA: Arms Control Association. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  13. ^ Sengupta, Somini; Sang-Hun, Choe (2 March 2016). "U.N. Toughens Sanctions on North Korea in Response to Its Nuclear Program". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  14. ^ UN Security Council (24 March 2016). "Security Council Grants Mandate Extension for Expert Panel Helping Sanctions Committee on Democratic People's Republic of Korea". United Nations. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  15. ^ UN Security Council (30 November 2016). "Security Council Strengthens Sanctions on Democratic Republic of Korea, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2321 (2016) – With Secretary-General Hailing Measures as 'Toughest Ever', Some Warn against Military Build-up on Peninsula". United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  16. ^ UN Security Council (2 June 2017). "Security Council Unanimously Adopts Resolution Extending Number, Scope of Sanctions against Democratic People's Republic of Korea". United Nations. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  17. ^ "United Nations Official Document".
  18. ^ Gladstone, Rick (5 August 2017). "U.N. Security Council imposes punishing new sanctions on North Korea". The New York Times. USA. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  19. ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 2371. 8019. Resolution 2371 (2017) – Adopted by the Security Council at its 8019th meeting, on 5 August 2017 S/RES/2371 5 August 2017.
  20. ^ "Chronology of events leading to adoption of UNSC resolution on N. Korea". yonhapnews.co.kr. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  21. ^ United States Mission to the United Nations (11 September 2017). "FACT SHEET: Resolution 2375 (2017) Strengthening Sanctions on North Korea". U.S.A.: United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  22. ^ "Security Council Imposes Fresh Sanctions on Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Including Bans on Natural Gas Sales, Work Authorization for Its Nationals – Resolution 2375 (2017) Also Takes Humanitarian Situation into Account as Members Urge Resumed Talks on Denuclearizing Korean Peninsula". New York, USA: United Nations Security Council. 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  23. ^ Sengupta, Somini (11 September 2017). "After U.S. Compromise, Security Council Strengthens North Korea Sanctions". The New York Times. USA. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  24. ^ "Resolution 2397 (2017)" (PDF). UN. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  25. ^ "Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 2018". www.un.org. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
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