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1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections

(Redirected from United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1818)

The 1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 26, 1818 and August 12, 1819. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 16th United States Congress convened on December 6, 1819. They occurred during President James Monroe's first term. Also, newly admitted Alabama elected its first representatives in September 1819, increasing the size of the House to 186 seats.

1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1816 & 1817 April 26, 1818 – August 12, 1819[a] 1820 & 1821 →
All 186[b] seats in the United States House of Representatives
94 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry Clay John Sergeant
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Leader's seat Kentucky 2nd Pennsylvania 1st
Last election 145 seats 40 seats
Seats won 158[b] 28
Seat change Increase 13 Decrease 12
Speaker before election

Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican

Elected Speaker

Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican

This election occurred in a politically uneventful period marked by exceptionally low levels of partisan rivalry known as the Era of Good Feelings. The weak Federalist Party, with limited influence in few states, no longer effectively opposed the Democratic-Republican Party, which increased its large majority.

Election summaries

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Illinois was admitted in 1818, adding one seat.[1]

Alabama and Maine were admitted during the 16th Congress. One new seat was added for Alabama,[2] while Maine, splitting from Massachusetts, simply retained its Representatives.[3]

↓
158 28
Democratic-Republican Federalist
State Type ↑ Date Total
seats 		Democratic-
Republican 		Federalist
Seats Change Seats Change
New York Districts April 28–30, 1818 27 21  1 6  1
Louisiana At-large July 6–8, 1818 1 1   0  
Indiana At-large August 3, 1818 1 1   0  
Kentucky Districts August 3, 1818 10 10   0  
Rhode Island At-large August 25, 1818 2 2  2 0  2
Vermont At-large September 1, 1818 6 6   0  
Connecticut At-large September 21, 1818 7 7  7 0  7
Delaware At-large October 5, 1818 2 1   1  
Georgia At-large October 5, 1818 6 6   0  
Maryland Districts October 5, 1818 9 6  1 3  1
South Carolina Districts October 12–13, 1818 9 9   0  
New Jersey At-large October 13, 1818 6 6   0  
Ohio Districts October 13, 1818 6 5   1  
Pennsylvania Districts October 13, 1818 23 19   4  
Massachusetts Districts November 2, 1818 20 13  4 7  4
Late elections (after the March 4, 1819 beginning of the term)
Virginia Districts April 1819 23 20   3  
New Hampshire At-large March 9, 1819 6 6   0  
Illinois At-large August 2, 1819 1 1   0  
Mississippi At-large August 2–3, 1819 1 1   0  
Tennessee Districts August 5–6, 1819 6 6   0  
North Carolina Districts August 12, 1819 13 10  1 3  1
Alabama At-large September 20–21, 1819 1 1  1 0  
Total of regular elections[b] 186 158
84.9% 		 13 28
15.1% 		 12
House seats
Dem-Republican
 
 84.95%
Federalist
 
 15.05%

Special elections

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See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

There were special elections in 1818 and 1819 to the 15th United States Congress and 16th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

15th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut at-large Uriel Holmes Federalist 1816 Incumbent resigned sometime in 1818.
New member elected before November 1818 and seated November 16, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican gain.
Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Others
North Carolina 7 Vacant Member-elect Alexander McMillan died before this Congress began.
New member elected January 1, 1818 and seated January 26, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican gain.
Winner later lost re-election; see below.
  • ▌ Y James Stewart (Democratic-Republican) 40.6%
  • ▌John Culpepper (Federalist)36.9%
  • ▌Atlas Jones (Federalist) 18.1%
  • ▌James Gaines (Unknown) 3.2%[c]
  • ▌Joseph Winslow (Federalist) 1.3%[6]
South Carolina 6
"Edgefield district" 		John C. Calhoun Democratic-
Republican 		1810 Incumbent resigned November 3, 1817 to become U.S. Secretary of War.
New member elected in January 1818 and seated February 9, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner later re-elected; see below.
Massachusetts 20
"7th Eastern district"
District of Maine 		Albion K. Parris Democratic-
Republican 		1814 Incumbent resigned February 3, 1818.
New member elected March 16, 1818 and seated November 16, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner later re-elected; see below.
Pennsylvania 6 John Ross Democratic-
Republican 		1808 Incumbent resigned February 24, 1818 to become President Judge of Pennsylvania's 7th Judicial Circuit.
New member elected March 3, 1818 and seated March 24, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner resigned July 6, 1818; see below.
Pennsylvania 4 Jacob Spangler Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent resigned April 20, 1818.
New member elected between April and November 1818 and seated November 16, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Louisiana at-large Thomas B. Robertson Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent resigned April 20, 1818.
New member elected July 6–8, 1818 and seated November 16, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 6 Samuel D. Ingham Democratic-
Republican 		1818 (special) Incumbent resigned July 6, 1818.
New member elected October 13, 1818 and seated November 16, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
North Carolina 11 Daniel Forney Democratic-
Republican 		1815 Incumbent resigned in 1818.
New member elected November 7, 1818 and seated December 2, 1818.[4]
Federalist gain.
Winner later re-elected; see below.
Virginia 19 Peterson Goodwyn Democratic-
Republican 		1803 Incumbent died February 21, 1818.
New member elected November 16, 1818 and seated April 21, 1818.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner later lost re-election; see below.
Georgia at-large John Forsyth Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent resigned November 23, 1818 when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected January 4, 1819 and seated February 18, 1819 both to finish the term and to the next term.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
North Carolina 10 George Mumford Democratic-
Republican 		1817 Incumbent died December 31, 1818.
New member elected between January 1, 1819 and February 11, 1819 and seated February 11, 1819.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was later re-elected to the next term; see below.

16th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
[data missing]

Alabama

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See also: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Alabama Territory, List of United States representatives from Alabama, and 1819 United States Senate elections in Alabama
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama at-large None (new state) Alabama was admitted as a state December 14, 1819.[17]
Incumbent territorial delegate re-elected as member and seated December 14, 1819.[17]
Democratic-Republican gain.

Alabama Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Arkansas Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

Connecticut elected its members September 21, 1818. The delegation changed from seven Federalists to seven Democratic-Republicans then the retirement of six incumbents and the party-change of the seventh.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Connecticut at-large
7 seats on a general ticket 		Ebenezer Huntington Federalist 1817 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y James Stevens (Democratic-Republican) 10.3%
  • ▌ Y Jonathan O. Moseley (Democratic-Republican) 9.8%
  • ▌ Y Gideon Tomlinson (Democratic-Republican) 9.5%
  • ▌ Y Elisha Phelps (Democratic-Republican) 8.7%
  • ▌ Y John Russ (Democratic-Republican) 7.5%
  • ▌ Y Henry W. Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 7.4%
  • ▌ Y Samuel A. Foot (Democratic-Republican) 7.3%
  • ▌David Bolles (Democratic-Republican) 5.9%
  • ▌Ralph Ingersoll (Democratic-Republican) 5.4%
  • ▌Noyes Barber (Democratic-Republican) 4.2%
  • ▌Christopher Manwarring (Democratic-Republican) 4.2%
  • ▌Orange Merwin (Democratic-Republican) 4.1%
  • ▌John T. Peters (Democratic-Republican) 4.0%
  • ▌Calvin Willey (Democratic-Republican) 3.9%
  • ▌Elisha Tracy (Democratic-Republican) 3.3%
  • ▌Seth P. Beers (Democratic-Republican) 3.0%
Jonathan O. Moseley Federalist 1804 Incumbent changed parties and re-elected.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Samuel B. Sherwood Federalist 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Timothy Pitkin Federalist 1805 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Nathaniel Terry Federalist 1817 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Thomas Scott Williams Federalist 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Uriel Holmes Federalist 1816 Incumbent resigned sometime in 1818.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Successor was not elected to finish the term.

Delaware

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Delaware elected its members October 5, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Delaware at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		Louis McLane Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Willard Hall Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia
See also: 1819 Georgia's at-large congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from Georgia

Georgia elected its members October 5, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		William Terrell Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Joel Crawford Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Joel Abbot Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Zadock Cook Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
John Forsyth Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected but declined the seat and resigned November 23, 1818, having been elected U.S. Senator, leading to a special election.
Thomas W. Cobb Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.

Illinois

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Main article: 1819 United States House of Representatives election in Illinois
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Illinois elected its member August 2, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. The incumbent had just been elected to the new seat in late 1818.

15th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Illinois at-large None (new state) Illinois was admitted December 3, 1818.
New member elected in 1818 and seated December 4, 1818 to finish the term ending March 3, 1819.[4]
Democratic-Republican gain.
The next year, the winner lost re-election; see below.

16th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Illinois at-large John McLean Democratic-
Republican 		1818[e] Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Indiana

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Indiana
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Indiana re-elected its member August 3, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana at-large William Hendricks Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) 90.5%
  • ▌Reuben W. Nelson (Unknown) 9.5%

Kentucky

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1 David Trimble Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 2 Henry Clay Democratic-Republican 1810
1814 (resigned)
1814
1815 (seat declared vacant)
1815 (special) 		Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 3 Richard M. Johnson Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y William Brown (Democratic-Republican) 59.0%
  • ▌Benjamin Taylor (Federalist) 41.0%
Kentucky 4 Joseph Desha Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky 5 Anthony New Democratic-Republican 1810
1814 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky 6 David Walker Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 7 George Robertson Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 8 Richard C. Anderson Jr. Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 9 Tunstall Quarles Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 10 Thomas Speed Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Benjamin Hardin (Democratic-Republican) 31.2%
  • ▌Richard Rudd (Unknown) 30.9%
  • ▌John Rowan (Democratic-Republican) 26.0%
  • ▌John Hays (Unknown) 11.9%

Louisiana

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Louisiana
See also: 1818 Louisiana's at-large congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana elected its member July 6–8, 1818.

Louisiana held an election for the 16th Congress at the same time that it held a special election to finish the 15th Congress. Data were only available for the special election, but the general election would presumably have had very similar results, and so the results for the special election are duplicated here.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Louisiana at-large Thomas B. Robertson Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent resigned April 20, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor elected the same day to finish the current term; see above.

Maryland

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Maryland elected its members October 5, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Maryland 1 Philip Stuart Federalist 1810 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
  • ▌ Y Raphael Neale (Federalist) 39.8%
  • ▌Nicholas Stonestreet (Federalist) 38.6%
  • ▌Henry G. S. Key (Federalist) 21.5%
Maryland 2 John C. Herbert Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Maryland 3 George Peter Federalist 1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist hold.
Maryland 4 Samuel Ringgold Democratic-
Republican 		1810
1814 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Samuel Ringgold (Democratic-Republican) 97.7%
  • ▌Benjamin Galloway (Federalist) 2.1%
Maryland 5
Plural district with 2 seats 		Samuel Smith Democratic-
Republican 		1792
1803 (retired)
1816 		Incumbent re-elected.
Peter Little Democratic-
Republican 		1810
1812 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 6 Philip Reed Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Maryland 7 Thomas Culbreth Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas Culbreth (Democratic-Republican) 70.0%
  • ▌Robert Wright (Democratic-Republican) 30.0%
Maryland 8 Thomas Bayly Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected.

Massachusetts

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Main article: 1818–1819 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
See also: 1818 Massachusetts's 20th congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

Massachusetts elected its members November 2, 1818. Massachusetts's electoral law required a majority for election, n Massachusetts's electoral law required a majority for electionMassachusetts's electoral law required a majority for electionecessitating additional elections in five districts on April 5, 1819 and July 26, 1819.

This was the last election in which the District of Maine — comprising congressional districts 14 through 20 — was part of Massachusetts. The District became the State of Maine during the 16th Congress.

District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Massachusetts 1 Jonathan Mason Federalist 1817 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Jonathan Mason (Federalist) 64.5%
  • ▌Andrew Ritchie (Democratic-Republican) 35.5%
Massachusetts 2 Nathaniel Silsbee Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 3 Jeremiah Nelson Federalist 1804
1806 (retired)
1814 		Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 4 Timothy Fuller Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Timothy Fuller (Democratic-Republican) 63.9%
  • ▌Samuel P. Fay (Federalist) 36.1%
Massachusetts 5 Elijah H. Mills Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
First ballot (November 2, 1818)
  • ▌Samuel Lathrop (Federalist) 48.1%
  • ▌Isaac C. Bates (Federalist) 22.7%
  • ▌Thomas Shepherd (Democratic-Republican) 19.6%
  • ▌Joseph Lyman (Federalist) 9.5%
Second ballot (April 5, 1819)
  • ▌ Y Samuel Lathrop (Federalist) 55.5%
  • ▌Thomas Shepherd (Democratic-Republican) 27.7%
  • ▌Joseph Lyman (Federalist) 16.8%
Massachusetts 6 Samuel C. Allen Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Samuel C. Allen (Federalist) 86.2%
  • ▌Elihu Lyman (Democratic-Republican) 8.0%
  • Others 5.8%
Massachusetts 7 Henry Shaw Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
First ballot (November 2, 1818)
Second ballot (April 5, 1819)
Massachusetts 8 Zabdiel Sampson Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Zabdiel Sampson (Democratic-Republican) 59.6%
  • ▌William Bourne (Federalist) 40.4%
Massachusetts 9 Walter Folger Jr. Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 10 Marcus Morton Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Re-elected
Massachusetts 11 Benjamin Adams Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Benjamin Adams (Federalist) 59.8%
  • ▌Sumner Barstow (Democratic-Republican) 40.2%
Massachusetts 12 Solomon Strong Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
  • ▌ Y Jonas Kendall (Democratic-Republican) 63.5%
  • ▌Edmund Cushing (Democratic-Republican) 31.7%
  • Others 4.8%
Massachusetts 13 Nathaniel Ruggles Federalist 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Massachusetts 14 John Holmes Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John Holmes (Democratic-Republican) 93.6%
  • Others 6.4%
Massachusetts 15 Ezekiel Whitman Federalist 1808
1810 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Ezekiel Whitman (Federalist) 54.0%
  • ▌Arthur Ware (Democratic-Republican) 46.0%
Massachusetts 16 Benjamin Orr Federalist 1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
First ballot (November 2, 1818)
Second ballot (April 5, 1819)
Third ballot (July 26, 1819)
Massachusetts 17 John Wilson Federalist 1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
First ballot (November 2, 1818)
Second ballot (April 5, 1819)
Third ballot (July 26, 1819)
Massachusetts 18 Thomas Rice Federalist 1814 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
First ballot (November 2, 1818)
  • ▌James Parker (Democratic-Republican) 49.7%
  • ▌Peter Grant (Federalist) 41.8%
  • ▌Joshua Gage (Democratic-Republican) 5.3%
  • Others 3.2%
Second ballot (April 5, 1819)
Massachusetts 19 Joshua Gage Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Ran in the 18th district and lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Massachusetts 20 Enoch Lincoln Democratic-
Republican 		1818 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Enoch Lincoln (Democratic-Republican) 66.6%
  • ▌Samuel A. Bradley (Federalist) 33.4%

Michigan Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Mississippi

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Main article: 1819 United States House of Representatives election in Mississippi
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

Mississippi elected its member August 2–3, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi at-large George Poindexter Democratic-
Republican 		1817 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Missouri Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

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Main article: 1819 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Hampshire elected its members March 9, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		Josiah Butler Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Arthur Livermore (Democratic-Republican) 11.5%
  • ▌ Y Nathaniel Upham (Democratic-Republican) 11.1%
  • ▌ Y Josiah Butler (Democratic-Republican) 11.0%
  • ▌ Y Clifton Clagett (Democratic-Republican) 10.9%
  • ▌ Y Joseph Buffum Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 10.6%
  • ▌ Y William Plumer Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 8.8%
  • ▌Jeremiah Smith (Federalist) 5.9%
  • ▌Levi Jackson (Federalist) 5.8%
  • ▌Parker Noyes (Federalist) 5.8%
  • ▌Stephen Moody (Federalist) 5.7%
  • ▌Mills Olcott (Federalist) 5.6%
  • ▌John Haven (Federalist) 5.2%
  • ▌George Long (Independent) 2.3%
Nathaniel Upham Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Clifton Clagett Democratic-Republican 1802
1804 (retired)
1816 		Incumbent re-elected.
Salma Hale Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
John F. Parrott Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Arthur Livermore Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.

New Jersey

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New Jersey elected its members October 13, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
New Jersey at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		John Linn Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Charles Kinsey Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Henry Southard Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent re-elected.
Ephraim Bateman Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent re-elected.
Joseph Bloomfield Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Benjamin Bennet Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.

New York

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
See also: List of United States representatives from New York

New York elected its members April 28–30, 1818, the earliest of any state.

At this time, the Democratic-Republicans in New York were divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" who were opposed to Governor Dewitt Clinton's Erie Canal project, led by Martin Van Buren, and on the other side, Clinton's supporters, known as Clintonians. In many districts, the remaining Federalists allied with the Clintonians, with candidates running on a joint ticket. Several candidates who ran under that joint ticket cannot be clearly categorized, and are marked C/F. Others who ran under the joint ticket are marked by their party with a footnote indicating that they ran under the joint ticket.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
New York 1
Plural district with 2 seats 		George Townsend Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
Election later disputed in favor of James Guyon Jr.[i]
Tredwell Scudder Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 2
Plural district with 2 seats 		William Irving Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Peter H. Wendover Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 3 Caleb Tompkins Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 4 James Tallmadge Jr. Democratic-Republican 1817 (special) Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
New York 5 Philip J. Schuyler Federalist 1816 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
New York 6 James W. Wilkin Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 7 Josiah Hasbrouck Democratic-Republican 1802
1816 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 8 Dorrance Kirtland Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Robert Clark (Democratic-Republican) 55.5%
  • ▌Jabez Bostwick (Federalist) 44.5%
New York 9 Rensselaer Westerlo Federalist 1816 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
New York 10 John P. Cushman Federalist 1816 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
New York 11 John W. Taylor Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John W. Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 72.8%
  • ▌James Thompson (Federalist) 27.2%
New York 12
Plural district with 2 seats 		John Savage Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
John Palmer Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 13 Thomas Lawyer Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Harmanus Peek (Democratic-Republican) 55.9%
  • ▌Isaac H. Tiffany (Federalist) 44.1%
New York 14 John Herkimer Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y John Fay (Democratic-Republican) 56.9%
  • ▌John Veeder (Federalist) 43.1%
New York 15
Plural district with 2 seats 		Isaac Williams Jr. Democratic-Republican 1813 (special)
1814 (retired)
1816 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
John R. Drake Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 16 Henry R. Storrs Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 17 Thomas H. Hubbard Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Aaron Hackley Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 98.8%
  • ▌Simeon Ford (Clintonian/Federalist) 1.2%
New York 18 David A. Ogden Federalist 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y William D. Ford (Democratic-Republican) 74.2%
  • ▌Horatio Orvis (Clintonian/Federalist) 25.8%
New York 19 James Porter Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y George Hall (Democratic-Republican) 97.9%
  • ▌H. O. Wattles (Federalist) 2.1%[f]
New York 20
Plural district with 2 seats 		Daniel Cruger Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Oliver C. Comstock Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 21
Plural district with 2 seats 		Benjamin Ellicott Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
John C. Spencer Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.

North Carolina

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Main article: 1819 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
See also: 1818 North Carolina's 7th congressional district special election, 1818 North Carolina's 11th congressional district special election, 1819 North Carolina's 10th congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from North Carolina

North Carolina elected its members August 12, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
North Carolina 1 Lemuel Sawyer Democratic-Republican 1806
1813 (lost)
1817 		Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 2 Joseph H. Bryan Democratic-Republican 1815 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
North Carolina 3 Thomas H. Hall Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas H. Hall (Democratic-Republican) 78.2%
  • ▌John Holland (Federalist) 21.8%
North Carolina 4 Jesse Slocumb Federalist 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 5 James Owen Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Charles Hooks (Democratic-Republican) 59.0%
  • ▌Samuel Stanford (Federalist) 41.0%
North Carolina 6 Weldon N. Edwards Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 7 James Stewart Democratic-Republican 1818 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
North Carolina 8 James S. Smith Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 9 Thomas Settle Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas Settle (Democratic-Republican) 98.8%[m]
  • ▌William Snow (Democratic-Republican) 1.1%
North Carolina 10 Charles Fisher Democratic-Republican 1819 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Charles Fisher (Democratic-Republican) 65.1%
  • ▌W. Jones (Federalist) 34.9%[f]
North Carolina 11 William Davidson Federalist 1818 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William Davidson (Federalist) 45.1%
  • ▌John F. Brevard (Democratic-Republican) 37.0%
  • ▌Henry W. Conner (Democratic-Republican) 17.9%
North Carolina 12 Felix Walker Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Felix Walker (Democratic-Republican)[n]
  • ▌Joseph M. D. Carson (Democratic-Republican)
North Carolina 13 Lewis Williams Democratic-Republican 1815 Incumbent re-elected.

Ohio

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

Ohio elected its members October 13, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Ohio 1 William Henry Harrison Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Ohio 2 John W. Campbell Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 93.0%
  • ▌James Burin (Unknown) 7.0%
Ohio 3 Levi Barber Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Henry Brush (Democratic-Republican) 41.1%
  • ▌Levi Barber (Democratic-Republican) 30.3%
  • ▌Edward Tupper (Unknown) 28.6%
Ohio 4 Samuel Herrick Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 5 Philemon Beecher Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 6 Peter Hitchcock Democratic-
Republican 		1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y John Sloane (Democratic-Republican) 51.7%
  • ▌Peter Hitchcock (Democratic-Republican) 46.2%
  • ▌Benjamin Martin (Unknown) 2.1%

Pennsylvania

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
See also: 1818 Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district special election, 1818 Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district special elections, and List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania elected its members October 13, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Pennsylvania 1
Plural district with 4 seats 		John Sergeant Federalist 1815 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Adam Seybert Democratic-Republican 1808
1814 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
William Anderson Democratic-Republican 1808
1814 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
Joseph Hopkinson Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
Pennsylvania 2
Plural district with 2 seats 		Levi Pawling Federalist 1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Isaac Darlington Federalist 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Pennsylvania 3
Plural district with 2 seats 		James M. Wallace Democratic-Republican 1815 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
John Whiteside Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent lost re-election as a Federalist.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 4 Jacob Spangler Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent resigned April 20, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor also elected to finish the current term.
Pennsylvania 5
Plural district with 2 seats 		Andrew Boden Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y David Fullerton (Democratic-Republican) 30.3%
  • ▌ Y Andrew Boden (Democratic-Republican) 29.4%
  • ▌Alexander Cobean (Federalist) 20.6%
  • ▌John P. Helfenstein (Federalist) 19.8%
William Maclay Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 6
Plural district with 2 seats 		Samuel D. Ingham Democratic-Republican 1818 (special) Incumbent resigned July 6, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.
Thomas J. Rogers Democratic-Republican 1818 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 7 Joseph Hiester Democratic-Republican 1798
1804 (retired)
1814 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Joseph Hiester (Democratic-Republican) 65.7%
  • ▌Jonathan Hudson (Democratic-Republican) 34.3%
Pennsylvania 8 Alexander Ogle Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Robert Philson (Democratic-Republican) 59.6%
  • ▌John A. Bard (Federalist) 40.4%
Pennsylvania 9 William P. Maclay Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 10
Plural district with 2 seats 		William Wilson Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
John Murray Democratic-Republican 1817 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 11 David Marchand Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 12 Thomas Patterson Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas Patterson (Democratic-Republican) 64.2%
  • ▌Joseph Pentecost (Federalist) 35.8%
Pennsylvania 13 Christian Tarr Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Christian Tarr (Democratic-Republican) 78.7%[m]
  • ▌Henry Heaton (Democratic-Republican) 21.3%
Pennsylvania 14 Henry Baldwin Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Henry Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) 55.1%
  • ▌Samuel Douglas (Democratic-Republican) 44.9%
Pennsylvania 15 Robert Moore Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.

Rhode Island

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Rhode Island
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

Rhode Island elected its members August 25, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		John L. Boss Jr. Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
James B. Mason Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.

South Carolina

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: 1818 South Carolina's 6th congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from South Carolina

South Carolina elected its members October 12–13, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Henry Middleton Democratic-Republican 1814 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
South Carolina 2 William Lowndes Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 James Ervin Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 4 Joseph Bellinger Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
South Carolina 5 Starling Tucker Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Starling Tucker (Democratic-Republican) 50.8%
  • ▌William Brown (Democratic-Republican) 28.5%
  • ▌Philip E. Pearson (Democratic-Republican) 20.7%
South Carolina 6 Eldred Simkins Democratic-Republican 1818 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Eldred Simkins (Democratic-Republican) 54.1%
  • ▌Joseph Black (Democratic-Republican) 25.9%
  • ▌William Butler (Democratic-Republican) 19.9%
South Carolina 7 Elias Earle Democratic-Republican 1804
1814 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Elias Earle (Democratic-Republican) 53.7%
  • ▌John H. Harrison (Democratic-Republican) 46.3%
South Carolina 8 Wilson Nesbitt Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
South Carolina 9 Stephen D. Miller Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Joseph Brevard (Democratic-Republican) 91.9%[m]
  • ▌James C. Postell (Federalist) 8.1%

Tennessee

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Main article: 1819 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee

Tennessee elected its members August 5–6, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 John Rhea Democratic-
Republican 		1803
1815 (lost)
1817 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John Rhea (Democratic-Republican) 46.4%
  • ▌John Tipton (Unknown) 42.3%
  • ▌John Kennedy (Unknown) 11.3%
Tennessee 2 William G. Blount Democratic-
Republican 		1815 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y John Cocke (Democratic-Republican) 52.5%
  • ▌James P. H. Porter (Unknown) 47.5%
Tennessee 3 Francis Jones Democratic-
Republican 		1817 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Francis Jones (Democratic-Republican) 61.6%
  • ▌John Brown (Unknown) 38.4%
Tennessee 4 Samuel E. Hogg Democratic-
Republican 		1817 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Robert Allen (Democratic-Republican) 61.3%
  • ▌William Hadley (Unknown) 38.7%
Tennessee 5 Thomas Claiborne Democratic-
Republican 		1817 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Newton Cannon (Democratic-Republican) 57.5%
  • ▌Jarvis Trimble (Unknown) 42.5%
Tennessee 6 George W. L. Marr Democratic-
Republican 		1817 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Vermont

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Main article: 1818 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

Vermont elected its members September 1, 1818.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Vermont at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		Charles Rich Democratic-Republican 1812
1814 (lost)
1816 		Incumbent re-elected.
Mark Richards Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Samuel C. Crafts Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Heman Allen (of Colchester) Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent resigned April 20, 1818 to become a U.S. Marshall.
Democratic-Republican hold.
William Hunter Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Orsamus Cook Merrill Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected.
Election later contested successfully by Rollin C. Mallary.[p]

Virginia

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Main article: 1819 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
See also: 1818 Virginia's 19th congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from Virginia

Virginia elected its members in April 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Virginia 1 James Pindall Federalist 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 2 Edward Colston Federalist 1817 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist hold.
Virginia 3 Henry St. George Tucker Democratic-Republican 1815 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 4 William McCoy Democratic-Republican 1811 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 5 John Floyd Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 6 Alexander Smyth Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 7 Ballard Smith Democratic-Republican 1815 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 8 Charles F. Mercer Federalist 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 9 William Lee Ball Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 10 George Strother Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y George Strother (Democratic-Republican) 51.4%
  • ▌John Shackleford (Federalist) 47.8%
Virginia 11 Philip P. Barbour Democratic-Republican 1814 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 12 Robert S. Garnett Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 13 Burwell Bassett Democratic-Republican 1805
1812 (lost)
1815 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 14 William A. Burwell Democratic-Republican 1806 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 15 William J. Lewis Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 16 Archibald Austin Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 17 James Pleasants Democratic-Republican 1811 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 18 Thomas M. Nelson Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Mark Alexander (Democratic-Republican) 54.7%
  • ▌Theo Field (Democratic-Republican) 25.9%
  • ▌James Wyche (Democratic-Republican) 17.8%
Virginia 19 John Pegram Democratic-Republican 1818 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 20 James Johnson Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 21 Thomas Newton Jr. Democratic-Republican 1797 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 22 Hugh Nelson Democratic-Republican 1811 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 23 John Tyler Democratic-Republican 1816 (special) Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates

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There were four territories with the right to send non-voting delegates to at least part of the 16th Congress, two of which, Michigan Territory and Arkansas Territory were new to this Congress.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama Territory at-large None (new territory) New seat.
New member elected January 29, 1818 and seated March 9, 1818.[4]
Member later elected to the new state; see above.
Arkansas Territory at-large None (new territory) Arkansas Territory organized July 4, 1819.
New delegate elected in 1819.
New delegate seated December 21, 1819.[17]
Michigan Territory at-large None (new territory) New seat.
New delegate elected October 28, 1819 and seated March 2, 1820.
Missouri Territory at-large John Scott Democratic-
Republican 		1816
1817 (vacated)
1817 (special) 		Incumbent re-elected.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Excludes states admitted after the start of the 16th Congress
  2. ^ a b c Includes late elections
  3. ^ Party affiliation not given in source
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed.
  5. ^ Late election to the 15th Congress
  6. ^ a b c d Full name unknown
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.[citation needed]
  8. ^ Electoral data presumably incomplete in source
  9. ^ a b In New York's 1st district, an election dispute arose. Initial returns showed the winners to be Silas Wood and Ebenezer Sage. This election was contested, however, on the grounds that there were 396 votes for "James Guyon" which, when added to the total number of votes reported for James Guyon Jr., would place Guyon in second place, above Sage. Sage never appeared to take his seat, and Guyon was awarded the seat January 14, 1820.[17]
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ran under Clintonian/Federalist joint ticket.
  11. ^ Election contested.
  12. ^ The official certificate of vote in the General Assembly Session Records states that Slocumb won by 1,476 votes. No other returns are known to exist for this race.[citation needed]
  13. ^ a b c Based on incomplete data.
  14. ^ The Raleigh Register reported September 3, 1819 that Walker won the race by 587 votes.
  15. ^ Changed parties
  16. ^ a b c Initial returns showed Rollin C. Mallary in 8th place with 6,879 votes and Orsamus Cook Merrill in 6th place with 6,955 votes, but after challenging the results, the House Committee on Elections declared Mallary the winner of the last seat with 6,961 votes, a 6-vote lead over Merrill.[citation needed] Mallary was seated January 13, 1820.[17]

References

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  1. ^ 3 Stat. 430
  2. ^ 3 Stat. 492
  3. ^ 3 Stat. 555
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Fifteenth Congress March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 2, 2018 – via History.house.gov.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ "Connecticut 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  6. ^ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  7. ^ "South Carolina 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  8. ^ "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Eastern District #7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  9. ^ "Pennsylvania 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  10. ^ "Pennsylvania 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  11. ^ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  12. ^ "Pennsylvania 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  13. ^ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  14. ^ "Virginia 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 19, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  15. ^ "Georgia 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  16. ^ "North Carolina 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Sixteenth Congress March 4, 1819, to March 3, 1821". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 23, 2019 – via History.house.gov.[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. House of Representatives". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  19. ^ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  20. ^ "Massachusetts 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Berkshire District, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  21. ^ "Massachusetts 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Eastern District #3, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  22. ^ "Massachusetts 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Eastern District #3, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  23. ^ Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "U. S. Congressional Election 13 October 1818" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.

Bibliography

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