Urban areas in Vietnam include cities, district-level town, and commune-level town officially recognized by state authorities of Vietnam. While districts and communes are generally rural, some may be classified as urban if they meet certain conditions. Communes set to be upgraded to towns can also be recognized as type V urban areas. Vietnam's cities are classified into six types: special, type I to type V. Special, type I, and type II cities are approved by the prime minister; type III and IV cities by the Ministry of Construction; and type V by the provincial government. The classification process is overseen by the National Assembly's Standing Committee.[1]
Types of urban areas
editAs of August 16, 2024, there are 908 recognized urban areas in Vietnam[2] , classified as follows:
- Special: 2 (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City)
- Type I: 21
- Type II: 39
- Type III: 43
- Type IV: 97
- Type V: 706
Criteria for classification
editThe classification of urban areas in Vietnam is based on a series of factors, including population, density, and the proportion of non-agricultural labor. The classification framework is outlined in Resolution No. 1210/2016,[3] which provides the following criteria for each type of urban area:
| Criteria | Special | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | Type V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (Total) | 5,000,000+ | 1,000,000+ (municipality) / 500,000+ (municipal city/provincial city) | 200,000+ | 100,000+ | 50,000+ | 4,000+ |
| Population (Inner City) | 3,000,000+ | 500,000+ (municipality) / 200,000+ (municipal city/provincial city) | 100,000+ | 50,000+ | 20,000+ | N/A |
| Population Density (Total) | 3,000 people/km2+ | 2,000 people/km2+ | 1,800 people/km2+ | 1,400 people/km2+ | 1,200 people/km2+ | 1,000 people/km2+ |
| Population Density (Inner) | 12,000 people/km2+ | 10,000 people/km2+ | 8,000 people/km2+ | 7,000 people/km2+ | 6,000 people/km2+ | 5,000 people/km2+ |
| Non-Agricultural Labor | 70%+ (90%+ inner city) | 65%+ (85%+ inner city) | 65%+ (80%+ inner city) | 60%+ (75%+ inner city) | 55%+ (70%+ inner city) | 55%+ |
| Role and Function | National/international hubs | National/regional centers | Provincial centers | Provincial economic hubs | District-level centers | Administrative centers |
| Approval authority | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Ministry of Construction | Ministry of Construction | Ministry of Construction | Provincial People's Committee |
Currently, Vietnam has two cities classified as special urban areas by the government: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. To support the authorities of these two cities in fulfilling their functions as special urban areas, the government allows Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City to benefit from certain specific financial and budgetary mechanisms.[4]
Urban areas in special regions
editIn special cases, such as border areas or island regions, urban classification criteria are relaxed. These areas may have lower population and density thresholds but must still meet the majority of the other standards set for their respective classification.[5] For example:
- Mountainous and border regions: May have lower population density, but must meet at least 70% of the required standards.
- Islands: Must meet 50% of the infrastructure and architectural standards, while population and socio-economic standards are reduced to 30%.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Đô thị loại I, II, III, IV, V và đô thị loại đặc biệt tại Việt Nam". thuvienphapluat.vn (in Vietnamese). April 21, 2022.
- ^ "Report on the implementation of tasks in the first 6 months and the plan for the last 6 months of 2024 by the Ministry of Construction" (PDF). Ministry of Construction's Electronic Information Portal (in Vietnamese). 2024-07-09.
- ^ "Resolution No. 1210/2016/UBTVQH13 on urban classification issued by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly" (in Vietnamese).
- ^ See Nghị định số 123/2004/NĐ-CP and Nghị định số 124/2004/NĐ-CP
- ^ Nhu, Mai (October 3, 2022). "Phân loại đô thị theo vùng miền và yếu tố đặc thù từ ngày 01/01/2023". thuvienphapluat.vn (in Vietnamese).