化学方程式
反应条件
所在页码
备注
2
N
a
C
l
+
2
H
2
O
=
=
=
=
2
N
a
O
H
+
H
2
↑
+
C
l
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2NaCl+2H_{2}O{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2NaOH+H_{2}\uparrow +Cl_{2}\uparrow }}}
通电
9A p2
仅仅提及,不要求掌握
C
u
2
(
O
H
)
2
C
O
3
=
=
=
=
2
C
u
O
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Cu_{2}(OH)_{2}CO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2CuO+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
2
C
u
O
+
C
=
=
=
=
2
C
u
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2CuO+C{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2Cu+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
Δ
高温
9A p2
9A p2, p111
C
u
S
O
4
+
2
N
a
O
H
=
=
=
=
N
a
2
S
O
4
+
C
u
(
O
H
)
2
↓
{\displaystyle {\rm {CuSO_{4}+2NaOH{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Na_{2}SO_{4}+Cu(OH)_{2}\downarrow }}}
9A p7, p21, p100. 9B p75
C
a
C
O
3
+
2
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
C
a
C
l
2
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {CaCO_{3}+2HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaCl_{2}+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
+
C
O
2
=
=
=
=
C
a
C
O
3
↓
+
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Ca(OH)_{2}+CO_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaCO_{3}\downarrow +H_{2}O}}}
9A p7, p113. 9B p73
9A p7, p14, p115, p118. 9B p55 p68
蜡烛 + 氧气
⟶
{\displaystyle \longrightarrow }
二氧化碳 + 水
点燃
9A p12
初中阶段唯一一个文字表达式
N
a
2
C
O
3
+
2
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
2
N
a
C
l
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Na_{2}CO_{3}+2HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2NaCl+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
9A p20, p94, p130. 9B p74
C
u
(
O
H
)
2
=
=
=
=
C
u
O
+
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Cu(OH)_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CuO+H_{2}O}}}
Δ
9A p21
2
H
g
+
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
H
g
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {2Hg+O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2HgO}}}
2
H
g
O
=
=
=
=
2
H
g
+
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2HgO{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2Hg+O_{2}\uparrow }}}
Δ
Δ
9A p26
9A p26, p50
无
初中阶段课本提及的唯一一个产生金属单质的分解反应
4
P
+
5
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
P
2
O
5
{\displaystyle {\rm {4P+5O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2P_{2}O_{5}}}}
点燃
9A p27, p92, p100, p129
S
+
O
2
=
=
=
=
S
O
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {S+O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}SO_{2}}}}
C
+
O
2
=
=
=
=
C
O
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {C+O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CO_{2}}}}
3
F
e
+
2
O
2
=
=
=
=
F
e
3
O
4
{\displaystyle {\rm {3Fe+2O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Fe_{3}O_{4}}}}
点燃
点燃(\ 高温)
点燃
9A p33, p59, p97, p101
9A p34, p96, p99, p110. 9B p16
9A p34. 9B p22
2
K
M
n
O
4
=
=
=
=
K
2
M
n
O
4
+
M
n
O
2
+
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2KMnO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}K_{2}MnO_{4}+MnO_{2}+O_{2}\uparrow }}}
2
H
2
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
H
2
O
+
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2H_{2}O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2H_{2}O+O_{2}\uparrow }}}
2
K
C
l
O
3
=
=
=
=
2
K
C
l
+
3
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2KClO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2KCl+3O_{2}\uparrow }}}
Δ
催化剂(二氧化锰 \ 硫酸铜溶液)
催化剂(二氧化锰)、Δ
9A p37, p100, p102
9A p39, p50, p59
9A p39
N
H
3
⋅
H
2
O
=
=
=
=
N
H
3
↑
+
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {NH_{3}\cdot H_{2}O{=\!=\!=\!=\!}NH_{3}\uparrow +H_{2}O}}}
无 (书本上) \ 加热
9A p49
仅作了解
H
2
+
C
l
2
=
=
=
=
2
H
C
l
{\displaystyle {\rm {H_{2}+Cl_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2HCl}}}
点燃
9A p50, p51
初中阶段唯一两个不在氧气中燃烧的反应 之一(另一个在下面)
2
N
a
+
C
l
2
=
=
=
=
2
N
a
C
l
{\displaystyle {\rm {2Na+Cl_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2NaCl}}}
点燃
9A p55
2
H
2
+
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {2H_{2}+O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2H_{2}O}}}
点燃
9A p79, p81, p95, p99, p144
2
H
2
O
=
=
=
=
2
H
2
↑
+
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2H_{2}O{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2H_{2}\uparrow +O_{2}\uparrow }}}
通电
9A p80
初中阶段唯一一个要求掌握的电解反应
3
F
e
+
4
H
2
O
(
g
)
=
=
=
=
F
e
3
O
4
+
4
H
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {3Fe+4H_{2}O(g){=\!=\!=\!=\!}Fe_{3}O_{4}+4H_{2}}}}
高温
9A p81
仅作了解
F
e
+
C
u
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
C
u
+
F
e
S
O
4
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe+CuSO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Cu+FeSO_{4}}}}
9A p91, p93, p97, p101
2
M
g
+
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
M
g
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {2Mg+O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2MgO}}}
点燃
9A p94. 9B p22
C
u
O
+
H
2
=
=
=
=
C
u
+
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {CuO+H_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Cu+H_{2}O}}}
Δ
9A p97
C
2
H
4
+
3
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
C
O
2
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {C_{2}H_{4}+3O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2CO_{2}+2H_{2}O}}}
点燃
9A p101(练习)
仅作了解
F
e
2
O
3
+
3
H
2
=
=
=
=
2
F
e
+
3
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe_{2}O_{3}+3H_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2Fe+3H_{2}O}}}
高温
9A p101(练习)
仅作了解
C
a
C
O
3
=
=
=
=
C
a
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {CaCO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaO+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
高温
9A p103
2
C
+
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
C
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {2C+O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2CO}}}
点燃
9A p110, p141
2
F
e
2
O
3
+
3
C
=
=
=
=
4
F
e
+
3
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2Fe_{2}O_{3}+3C{=\!=\!=\!=\!}4Fe+3CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
高温
9A p111
C
O
2
+
C
=
=
=
=
2
C
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {CO_{2}+C{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2CO}}}
高温
9A p111, p136. 9B p16
初中阶段唯一一个明确指出的吸热反应
初中阶段唯一一个高温条件下的化合反应
初中阶段唯一一个二氧化碳转变为一氧化碳的反应
C
a
C
O
3
+
2
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
C
a
C
l
2
+
H
2
C
O
3
{\displaystyle {\rm {CaCO_{3}+2HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaCl_{2}+H_{2}CO_{3}}}}
9A p113. 9B p73
一般情况下尽量不要使用
H
2
C
O
3
=
=
=
=
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {H_{2}CO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
9A p113, p118. 9B p73
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
=
=
=
=
H
2
C
O
3
{\displaystyle {\rm {H_{2}O+CO_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}H_{2}CO_{3}}}}
9A p118
2
C
O
+
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
C
O
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {2CO+O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2CO_{2}}}}
点燃
9A p121
C
u
O
+
C
O
=
=
=
=
C
u
+
C
O
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {CuO+CO{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Cu+CO_{2}}}}
Δ
9A p122
C
a
C
O
3
+
2
H
A
c
⟶
C
a
(
A
c
)
2
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {CaCO_{3}+2HAc\longrightarrow Ca(Ac)_{2}+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
9A p122
仅作了解(有机反应中箭头代表“生成”)
C
a
O
+
H
2
O
=
=
=
=
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {CaO+H_{2}O{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Ca(OH)_{2}}}}
9A p136. 9B p56
M
g
+
2
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
M
g
C
l
2
+
H
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Mg+2HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}MgCl_{2}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}
9A p136. 9B p10~11
C
H
4
+
2
O
2
=
=
=
=
C
O
2
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {CH_{4}+2O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CO_{2}+2H_{2}O}}}
点燃
9A p139
C
H
4
⋅
x
H
2
O
+
H
2
O
=
=
=
=
C
O
2
+
(
2
+
x
)
H
2
O
{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{4}} \cdot x\mathrm {H_{2}O+H_{2}O{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CO_{2}+} (2+x)\mathrm {H_{2}O} }
点燃
9A p142
仅作了解
C
2
H
5
O
H
+
3
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
C
O
2
+
3
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {C_{2}H_{5}OH+3O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2CO_{2}+3H_{2}O}}}
点燃
9A p144
Z
n
+
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
Z
n
S
O
4
+
H
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Zn+H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}ZnSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}
9A p145
4
A
l
+
3
O
2
=
=
=
=
2
A
l
2
O
3
{\displaystyle {\rm {4Al+3O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2Al_{2}O_{3}}}}
9B p9, p22
Z
n
+
2
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
Z
n
C
l
2
+
H
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Zn+2HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}ZnCl_{2}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}
F
e
+
2
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
F
e
C
l
2
+
H
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe+2HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}FeCl_{2}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}
9B p10~11
9B p10~11
9B p10~11
2
A
l
+
3
C
u
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
A
l
2
(
S
O
4
)
3
+
3
C
u
{\displaystyle {\rm {2Al+3CuSO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}+3Cu}}}
C
u
+
2
A
g
N
O
3
=
=
=
=
C
u
(
N
O
3
)
2
+
2
A
g
{\displaystyle {\rm {Cu+2AgNO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Cu(NO_{3})_{2}+2Ag}}}
9B p12
9B p12
F
e
3
O
4
+
4
C
O
=
=
=
=
3
F
e
+
4
C
O
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe_{3}O_{4}+4CO{=\!=\!=\!=\!}3Fe+4CO_{2}}}}
9B p13(练习)
F
e
2
O
3
+
3
C
O
=
=
=
=
2
F
e
+
3
C
O
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe_{2}O_{3}+3CO{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2Fe+3CO_{2}}}}
9B p16, p17, p20
Z
n
C
O
3
=
=
=
=
Z
n
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {ZnCO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}ZnO+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
2
C
u
2
O
+
C
=
=
=
=
4
C
u
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2Cu_{2}O+C{=\!=\!=\!=\!}4Cu+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
800℃
800℃
9B p21(练习)
9B p21(练习)
F
e
+
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
F
e
S
O
4
+
H
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe+H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}FeSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}
2
A
l
+
3
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
A
l
2
(
S
O
4
)
3
+
3
H
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2Al+3H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}+3H_{2}\uparrow }}}
M
g
+
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
M
g
S
O
4
+
H
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Mg+H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}MgSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow }}}
9B p22
9B p22
9B p22
F
e
2
O
3
+
6
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
2
F
e
C
l
3
+
3
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe_{2}O_{3}+6HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}2FeCl_{3}+3H_{2}O}}}
F
e
2
O
3
+
3
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
F
e
2
(
S
O
4
)
3
+
3
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Fe_{2}O_{3}+3H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Fe_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}+3H_{2}O}}}
9B p54, p68
9B p54, p68
2
N
a
O
H
+
C
O
2
=
=
=
=
N
a
2
C
O
3
+
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {2NaOH+CO_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Na_{2}CO_{3}+H_{2}O}}}
9B p56
N
a
O
H
+
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
N
a
C
l
+
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {NaOH+HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}NaCl+H_{2}O}}}
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
+
2
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
C
a
C
l
2
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Ca(OH)_{2}+2HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaCl_{2}+2H_{2}O}}}
2
N
a
O
H
+
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
N
a
2
S
O
4
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {2NaOH+H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Na_{2}SO_{4}+2H_{2}O}}}
9B p60, p68
9B p60
9B p60, p75
A
l
(
O
H
3
)
+
3
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
A
l
C
l
3
+
3
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Al(OH_{3})+3HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}AlCl_{3}+3H_{2}O}}}
M
g
(
O
H
)
2
+
2
H
A
c
=
=
=
=
M
g
(
A
c
)
2
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Mg(OH)_{2}+2HAc{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Mg(Ac)_{2}+2H_{2}O}}}
9B p65(小题)
9B p65(小题)
2
N
a
O
H
+
S
O
3
=
=
=
=
N
a
2
S
O
4
+
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {2NaOH+SO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Na_{2}SO_{4}+H_{2}O}}}
9B p68
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
+
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
C
a
S
O
4
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {Ca(OH)_{2}+H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaSO_{4}+2H_{2}O}}}
9B p68
N
a
H
C
O
3
+
H
C
l
=
=
=
=
N
a
C
l
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {NaHCO_{3}+HCl{=\!=\!=\!=\!}NaCl+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
9B p74
N
a
2
C
O
3
+
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
=
=
=
=
C
a
C
O
3
↓
+
2
N
a
O
H
{\displaystyle {\rm {Na_{2}CO_{3}+Ca(OH)_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaCO_{3}\downarrow +2NaOH}}}
9B p74
C
u
S
O
4
+
B
a
C
l
2
=
=
=
=
B
a
S
O
4
↓
+
C
u
C
l
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {CuSO_{4}+BaCl_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}BaSO_{4}\downarrow +CuCl_{2}}}}
9B p74
K
2
C
O
3
+
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
K
2
S
O
4
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {K_{2}CO_{3}+H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}K_{2}SO_{4}+H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
B
a
(
N
O
3
)
2
+
H
2
S
O
4
=
=
=
=
B
a
S
O
4
↓
+
2
H
N
O
3
{\displaystyle {\rm {Ba(NO_{3})_{2}+H_{2}SO_{4}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}BaSO_{4}\downarrow +2HNO_{3}}}}
9B p75
9B p75
C
a
C
O
3
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
=
=
=
=
C
a
(
H
C
O
3
)
2
{\displaystyle {\rm {CaCO_{3}+H_{2}O+CO_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}}}}
C
a
(
H
C
O
3
)
2
=
=
=
=
C
a
C
O
3
↓
+
H
2
O
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {Ca(HCO_{3})_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaCO_{3}\downarrow +H_{2}O+CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
9B p77
9B p77
(
N
H
4
)
2
S
O
4
+
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
=
=
=
=
C
a
S
O
4
+
2
H
2
O
+
2
N
H
3
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}+Ca(OH)_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaSO_{4}+2H_{2}O+2NH_{3}\uparrow }}}
2
N
H
4
C
l
+
C
a
(
O
H
)
2
=
=
=
=
C
a
C
l
2
+
2
H
2
O
+
2
N
H
3
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {2NH_{4}Cl+Ca(OH)_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}CaCl_{2}+2H_{2}O+2NH_{3}\uparrow }}}
N
H
4
H
C
O
3
=
=
=
=
H
2
O
+
N
H
3
↑
+
C
O
2
↑
{\displaystyle {\rm {NH_{4}HCO_{3}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}H_{2}O+NH_{3}\uparrow +CO_{2}\uparrow }}}
9B p83
9B p83
9B p83
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
6
O
2
=
=
=
=
6
C
O
2
+
6
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\rm {C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+6O_{2}{=\!=\!=\!=\!}6CO_{2}+6H_{2}O}}}
酶
9B p93