User:Aamri2/James A. Harris

James Andrew Harris
Born	(1932-03-26)March 26, 1932 Waco, Texas
Died	December 12, 2000(2000-12-12) (aged 68)
Nationality	American
Occupation	Chemist
Notable work	Discovery of rutherfordium and dubnium

James Andrew Harris (26 March 1932 – 12 December 2000) was an American chemist. He was the first Black scientist to play a key role in the discovery of a new element.

Notable Works

Harris's most lasting contribution to the field of chemistry was his team's discovery of elements 104 and 105, rutherfordium and dubnium, as part of their work to produce heavy elements that may have applications in a variety of fields. He was highly regarded for the high quality of the targets he produced in the laboratory, being described by famous nuclear chemist Albert Ghiarso as "the best ever made for heavy element research." Harris was able to perform very difficult chemical separations with great proficiency.

History

After his parents' divorce, Harris was raised in Waco, Texas by his mother. He attended high school in California, but returned to Texas to earn a B.S. in chemistry from Huston-Tillotson College in Austin. Harris went on to earn the rank of sergeant with the Army. Following his honourable discharge, he faced much difficulty finding a job as a chemist due to his race; at the time, in the Jim Crow era, open racism was rampant in the United States.

In 1955, he was finally employed as a radiochemist in California. Five years later, he landed a job at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, where he would perform his most influential work. In spite of his lacking a Ph.D., he performed very well and led the Heavy Isotopes Production Group in the Nuclear Chemistry Division, where his team discovered rutherfordium and dubnium.

He went on to take graduate courses in chemistry and physics, and earned an honourary doctorate from Huston-Tillotson College for the discoveries. He also recruited and supported young Black scientists and engineers across multiple states, and encouraged the scientific interests of elementary students from underrepresented communities. He retired in 1988, and died in 2000, with his wife and five children surviving him.

Lack of Recognition

Harris faced great challenges pursuing his scientific studies as a result of his race, which limited his ability to perform research and publish work. While his discoveries are not key to the Ontario curriculum, his story is still inspiring and worth including. It is likely that if he had equal opportunity to his white peers, he would have had an even greater contribution to the field of chemistry and would be much more renowned today.

References

Boyd, D. (2021, February 1). James Andrew Harris and element discovery at Berkeley Lab. Berkeley College of Chemistry. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/news/james-andrew-harris-and-element-discovery-berkeley-lab

James A. Harris, nuclear chemist born. African American Registry. (2021, September 30). Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://aaregistry.org/story/james-a-harris-chemist-born/

National Academy of Sciences. (2022). James A. Harris. African American History Program. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from http://www.cpnas.org/aahp/biographies/james-a-harris.html

See Also

• Hertha Sponer
• Hideki Yukawa
• Satyendra Nath Bose
• Lise Meitner
• Mohammad Abdus Salam