In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium:

NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH.

In a 1M ammonia solution, about 1.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to a pH of 11.63. The base ionization constant is

Kb = [NH4+][OH]/[NH3] = 1.8×10−5

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_aromatic_ring#Heterocyclic_aromatic_rings

Sp3 N- most basic Nitrogen!

Order of precedence of groups From here

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When compounds contain more than one functional group, the order of precedence determines which groups are named with prefix or suffix forms. The highest-precedence group takes the suffix, with all others taking the prefix form. However, double and triple bonds only take suffix form (-en and -yn) and are used with other suffixes.

Prefixed substituents are ordered alphabetically (excluding any modifiers such as di-, tri-, etc.), e.g. chlorofluoromethane, not fluorochloromethane. If there are multiple functional groups of the same type, either prefixed or suffixed, the position numbers are ordered numerically (thus ethane-1,2-diol, not ethane-2,1-diol.) The N position indicator for amines and amides comes before "1", e.g. CH3CH(CH3)CH2NH(CH3) is N,2-dimethylpropanamine.

Priority Functional group Formula Prefix Suffix
1 Cations
   e.g. Ammonium
 
NH4+
-onio-
ammonio-
-onium
-ammonium
2 Carboxylic acids
Sulfonic acids
–COOH
–COSH
–COSeH
–SO3H
–SO2H
carboxy-
sulfanylcarbonyl-
selanylcarbonyl-
sulfo-
sulfino-
-oic acid*
-thioic S-acid*
-selenoic Se-acid*
-sulfonic acid
-sulfinic acid
3 Carboxylic acid derivatives
Esters
Acyl halides
Amides
Imides
Amidines
 
–COOR
–COX
–CONH2
–CON=C<
–C(=NH)NH2
 
R-oxycarbonyl-
halocarbonyl-
carbamoyl-
-imido-
amidino-
 
-R-oate
-oyl halide*
-amide*
-imide*
-amidine*
4 Nitriles
   Isocyanides
–CN
–NC
cyano-
isocyano-
-nitrile*
isocyanide
5 Aldehydes
   Thioaldehydes
–CHO
–CHS
formyl-
thioformyl-
-al*
-thial*
6 Ketones
Thiones
Selones
Tellones
=O
=S
=Se
=Te
oxo-
sulfanylidene-
selanylidene-
tellanylidene-
-one
-thione
-selone
-tellone
7 Alcohols
Thiols
Selenols
Tellurols
–OH
–SH
–SeH
–TeH
hydroxy-
sulfanyl-
selanyl-
tellanyl-
-ol
-thiol
-selenol
-tellurol
8 Hydroperoxides
Peroxols
Thioperoxols (Sulfenic acid)
Dithioperoxols

-OOH
-SOH
-SSH

hydroperoxy-
hydroxysulfanyl-
disulfanyl-

-peroxol
-SO-thioperoxol
-dithioperoxol
9 Amines
   Imines
   Hydrazines
–NH2
=NH
–NHNH2
amino-
imino-
hydrazino-
-amine
-imine
-hydrazine

*Note: These suffixes, in which the carbon atom is counted as part of the preceding chain, are the most commonly used. See individual functional group articles for more details.

The order of remaining functional groups is only needed for substituted benzene and hence is not mentioned here.


Benzannulation

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The term benzannulated compounds refers to derivatives of cyclic compounds (usually aromatic) which are fused to a benzene ring. Examples are listed in the table below:

Benzannulated derivative Source of cyclic compound
Benzopyrene Pyrene
Quinoline Pyridine
Isoquinoline
Chromene Pyran
Isochromene
Indole Pyrrole
Isoindole
Benzofuran Furan
Isobenzofuran
Benzimidazole Imidazole


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Nitrogen drama molecules

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From here

Compound classes

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Nitrogen only

Phenylamine = aniline

Ketones

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Common names for ketones can be derived by naming the two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the carbonyl group as separate words followed by the word ketone.

Pyrrole
 
Explicit structural formula of pyrrole, with aromaticity indicated by dashed bonds
 
Numbered skeletal formula of pyrrole
 
Ball-and-stick model of the pyrrole molecule
 
Space-filling model of the pyrrole molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1H-Pyrrole
Other names
Azole
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
 Y verify (what is  Y N ?)
 
Aniline
 
Pyridine
 
Acetyl


 
Styrene

ImageFile = Styrene.svg | ImageSize = 150px | ImageFile1 = Styrene-from-xtal-2001-3D-balls.png | ImageSize1 = 180px | ImageName = Styrene]]



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An adduct (from the Latin adductus, "drawn toward" alternatively, a contraction of "addition product") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components.[1] The resultant is considered a distinct molecular species. Examples include the adduct between hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate to give sodium percarbonate, and the addition of sodium bisulfite to an aldehyde to give a sulfonate. It can just be considered as a single product resulting from direct addition of different molecules and constitutes all the reactant molecules' atoms. Adducts often form between Lewis acids and Lewis bases.[2] A good example is the formation of adducts between the Lewis acid borane and the oxygen atom in the Lewis bases, tetrahydrofuran (THF): BH3•O(CH2)4 or diethyl ether: BH3•O(CH3CH2)2.