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Logan Circle, also known as Logan Square, is an open-space park in Center City Philadelphia's northwest quadrant and one of the five original planned squares laid out on the city grid. The circle itself exists within the original bounds of the square; the names Logan Square and Logan Circle are used interchangeably when referring to the park. Originally "Northwest Square", in William Penn's 1684 plan for the city, the square was renamed in 1825 after Philadelphia statesman James Logan.[1] The park is the focal point of the eponymous neighborhood. Logan Square was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[2]
History
editPrior to the 1800's the city developed along the Delaware River, leaving the area around Logan Square as untouched forest through the American Revolution.[3] Over the next quarter century the square served as a pasture, execution grounds, graveyard and hosted a gallows until the final hanging of William Gross in 1823. With aims of improving use of this public square Philadelphia leased the square to the Orphans' Society from 1821 to 1830. The square gained back some appeal when the name was changed (1825), along with the four original squares, to honor influential figures in American and Philadelphia history (James Logan, Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, William Penn and George Washington).[4]
In 1842, an ordinance “made it an offense to drive or take into Logan, Penn, or Rittenhouse squares any ‘horse, cow, cart, wagon, carriage or wheelbarrow, except by permission, or place any wood, coal, rubbish, carrion, or offensive matter within either [sic] of the squares, or to climb on the trees, fences or gates . . . or to dig up the soil or injure the grass, or to run or walk over or lie on the same.’”[5] By the 1840’s Philadelphia had begun a restoration of the square from its former days as a graveyard, lining the walks with trees, planting greenery and shrubbery, and constructing a wooden fence allowing the square to resemble Penn's vision of an urban green space. [4] During this period, the city limited access to Logan Square to homeowners with property connected to the square who paid for its upkeep; the city constructed a wrought iron fence around the square in 1852.[6]
The 1864 the square was the site of the Great Sanitary Fair, a fundraising event in support of the United States Sanitary Commission to help raise money, support, and buy medicine for the Union troops during the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln visited the fair and donated forty-eight signed copied of the Emancipation Proclamation, which sold for $10 each.[7] In 1881 the Pennsylvania Railroad constructed a viaduct that disconnected Logan Square and Rittenhouse Square, altering William Penn’s original plan of connectivity between the city's five squares. [1] The square hosted concerts before the 20th century when foundational changes began to take place.[8]
Oce the 1890's the city had plans of a constructing a boulevard similar to the Parisian Champs-Élyséese and in 1907 the plans were approved.[3] The square began to transform again, the original bounds of the square—18th Street to the east, 20th Street to the west, Race Street to the south and Vine Street to the north—are still intact, it began to more closely resemble its appearance today, distinguished by its circle. Construction began in 1917 on a plan to connect Center City with Fairmount Park which later became a segment of Benjamin Franklin Parkway.[9] It was designed by Jacques Gréber, a French landscape architect who converted Logan Square into a circle similar to the oval of the Place de la Concorde in Paris.[10] Philadelphia even modeled its Free Library and Family Court Building after the twin buildings of the Hôtel de Crillon and the Hôtel de la Marine in Paris.
Among the sites in its immediate vicinity are the Swann Memorial Fountain at the center of the circle, Free Library of Philadelphia, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Franklin Institute, Moore College of Art and Design, the Roman Catholic Cathedral-Basilica of Sts. Peter and Paul, and the Mormon Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple.
Recent redevelopment
editIn early 2005 efforts were begun to clean up and redevelop the park to make it more accessible to pedestrians. Most noticeably the large paulownia trees that featured prominently around the fountain were removed. City planners had determined that they had reached the end of their life span and had become an eyesore. They will be replaced with similar trees as part of a larger plan to improve the space.[11]
The city undertook an extensive rehabilitation plan and by 2012 the city had refurbished the original squares with restoration and new greenery bringing the Parkway’s entertainment capabilities full-circle. [12]
The city has expressed support of transitioning the circle back into a square, and increasing it's aesthetic nature as an urban green space.[9]
Events [13]
In 2016 it was the starting location for the Women's March on Philadelphia.
Pope John Paul II celebrated mass there in 1979.
To commemorate the end of every school year since the 1960s, the newly appointed Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors of J. W. Hallahan Catholic Girls High School jump into the fountain. The event is the subject of much local media coverage throughout Philadelphia.
In April 2017 hosted the NFL Draft.
In popular culture
edit- The band The Wonder Years has a song named after Logan Circle on their album The Upsides.
- The emo band Algernon Cadwallader's song "Spit Fountain" references the statues in Swann Fountain.
See Also
http://www.phillyvoice.com/gallery-history-logan-square/
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Notes
edit- ^ a b Milroy, Elizabeth (Spring 2011). "Repairing the Myth and the Reality of Philadelphia's Public Squares, 1800-1850". Change Over Time. 1: 52–78.
- ^ "Asset Detail". npgallery.nps.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
- ^ a b "History - lsnaphilly". www.lsnaphilly.org. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
- ^ a b Scharf, John Thomas; Westcott, Thompson (1884-01-01). History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884. L. H. Everts & Company.
- ^ Scharf, John Thomas; Westcott, Thompson (1884-01-01). History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884. L. H. Everts & Company.
- ^ Scharf, John Thomas; Westcott, Thompson (1884-01-01). History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884. L. H. Everts & Company.
- ^ "Civil War Sanitary Fairs | Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia". philadelphiaencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
- ^ "User account | Readex". infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
- ^ a b "ACT CEO: Turn Philly's Logan Circle back into a square". PhillyVoice. 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
- ^ "Central Library's 75th Anniversary: History". Free Library of Philadelphia. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
- ^ Schwartz, Christopher. "Squaring the Circle". mycitypaper.com. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
- ^ McCelland, James (2015). City in a Park: A History of Philadelphia's Fairmount Park System. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 308. ISBN 9781439912089.
- ^ "Logan Square: from public executions to papal visits to world-class museums". PhillyVoice. 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2017-05-01.