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Artabanus was not from the ruling branch of the Arsacid royal family. Tacitus in his Annals records that supporters of the rival ruler Tiridates III (r. 36–35 AD) viewed Artabanus as an "Arsacid on his mother's side, but in all else a degenerate". However, historian Marek Olbrycht notes that Tacitus, as well as Josephus and Cassius Dio, refer to Artabanus and his sons as Arsacids. Olbrycht concludes, therefore, that Artabanus was a male-line Arsacid, likely descended from Mithridates II of Parthia (r. 124–88 BC), through a branch of the family living among the Dahae people (with whom Artabanus had been reared). Olbrycht suggests that Artabanus' mother was a daughter of the Parthian King of Kings Phraates IV (r. 37–2 BC).^[1]^[2]^{[note 1]} As a result of this connection, the family of Tiridates III, the male-line grandson of Phraates IV, would have acknowledged Artabanus' maternal Arsacid ancestry, though not his paternal, having viewed all other branches of the family as illegitimate.^[3]

However, historians Josef Markwart and Martin Schottky assign to Artabanus a descent from the Atropatid dynasty,^[4]^[5] the erstwhile rulers of Media-Atropatene. This was a region controlled afterwards by Artabanus, prior to his ascension to the Parthian throne. Historian Richard D. Sullivan notes that Strabo, writing during this period, recorded that the line of succession from the dynasty's founder Atropates "is preserved until now", possibly implying that Artabanus' occupation of Media-Atropatene was considered a continuation of Atropatid rule. Strabo also mentioned that intermarriage had occurred between the Arsacids and the Atropatids. Sullivan suggests, therefore, that Artabanus was the result of the union between an Atropatid prince and an Arsacid princess in c. 31 BC, therefore accounting for Tacitus' statement of his ancestry. Sullivan further states that this would explain the acceptability of Artabanus' (and later his brother Vonones II's) rule over both Parthia and Media-Atropatene.^[6] Schottky identifies this royal couple as having been a son of Darius I of Media Atropatene (r. 66–65 BC) (whom Schottky deduces to have also been named Darius) and a daughter of Phraates IV.^[7]^{[note 2]} Alternatively, historian Christian Settipani proposes that the Atropatid prince was a son of Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene (r. 56–31 BC).^[8]

Markwart, Josef (1901), Eranshahr nach der Geographie des Ps . Moses Xorenac'i (in German), Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, p. 111
Schottky, Martin (1991). "Parther , Meder und Hyrkanier . Eine Untersuchung der dynastischen und geographischen Verflechtungen im Iran des 1. Jhs . n . Chr". Archäo- logische Mitteilungen aus Iran (in German). 24.
Settipani, Christian (1991), Nos ancêtres de l'Antiquité (in French), Paris: Editions Christian, p. 89, ISBN 2864960508
Sullivan, Richard D. (1990), Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100-30 BC, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 299–300

^ Olbrycht 2016, p. 24.
^ Olbrycht 2014, pp. 92–96.
^ ^a ^b Olbrycht 2014, p. 96.
^ Schottky 1991, pp. 63–78.
^ Markwart 1901, p. 111.
^ Sullivan 1990, pp. 299–300.
^ ^a ^b Schottky 1991, pp. 76–77.
^ Settipani 1991, p. 89.

^ Olbrycht hypothesises that Artabanus' father, a Dahae prince ruling over Transcaspian tribes, had gained Phraates' favour by coming to the latter's aid when needed, and consequently received his daughter in marriage.^[3]
^ Schottky suggests that the Parthian king had captured the family of Darius I upon defeating Media-Atropatene in battle. Phraates then married his daughter to a member of the family, in the hopes of setting up a vassal house to rule under the Parthians. However, when the Romans installed their own client king, Phraates would then have sent the family to Hyrcania, where Artabanus subsequently spent his childhood.^[7]

Citations

Journal

<ref>{{cite journal |last=Najafabadi |first=S. Adel Hashemi |date=2010 |title=The Invention of Islamic History |journal=The International Journal of the Humanities |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=259 |access-date=10 October 2019}}</ref>

Automatic:

http://reftag.appspot.com

Problems with links to sources on Google Books

Just a pretty minor issue. Sometimes when I'm trying to provide a link to a source from Google Books, part of the url appears in the text of the article, e.g "whose+mother+was+Sukayna+bint+al-Husayn+ibn+Ali" This only seems to happen when the source in question is available in "snippet view" on Google. Any thoughts on how I can avoid this? Thank you.
Alivardi (talk) 00:59, 22 October 2019 (UTC)

It's the quote marks (") in the url.

with the quote marks:

[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u2EkAQAAIAAJ&dq=men+of+medina&focus=searchwithinvolume&q="whose+mother+was+Sukayna+bint+al-Husayn+ibn+Ali"]

→ "whose+mother+was+Sukayna+bint+al-Husayn+ibn+Ali"

without the quote marks:

[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u2EkAQAAIAAJ&dq=men+of+medina&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=whose+mother+was+Sukayna+bint+al-Husayn+ibn+Ali]

→ [1]

with the quote marks percent encoded:

[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u2EkAQAAIAAJ&dq=men+of+medina&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22whose+mother+was+Sukayna+bint+al-Husayn+ibn+Ali%22]

→ [2]

—Trappist the monk (talk) 01:06, 22 October 2019 (UTC)

@Trappist the monk: I'm not very familiar with percent encoding. Would typing "%22" in place of quotation marks work in all scenarios? That's the impression I'm getting from the article page but I just wanted to be certain.
Alivardi (talk) 01:16, 22 October 2019 (UTC)

In urls with quote marks that haven't worked right for me, replacing them with %22 has worked for me. Re: your: in all scenarios? That's a lot of scenarios so I cannot say for sure that this will always work.

—Trappist the monk (talk) 01:34, 22 October 2019 (UTC)

That's probably the best response I can expect from a non-omniscient being, so I'll take what I can get. Thank you!
Alivardi (talk) 01:46, 22 October 2019 (UTC)