Designations | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjectives | Martian | ||||||||||||
Symbol | |||||||||||||
Orbital characteristics[1] | |||||||||||||
Epoch J2000 | |||||||||||||
Aphelion | 249,209,300 km 1.665 861 AU | ||||||||||||
Perihelion | 206,669,000 km 1.381 497 AU | ||||||||||||
227,939,100 km 1.523 679 AU | |||||||||||||
Eccentricity | 0.093 315 | ||||||||||||
686.971 day 1.8808 Julian years | |||||||||||||
779.96 day 2.135 Julian years | |||||||||||||
Average orbital speed | 24.077 km/s | ||||||||||||
Inclination | 1.850° 5.65° to Sun's Equator | ||||||||||||
49.562° | |||||||||||||
286.537° | |||||||||||||
Known satellites | 2 | ||||||||||||
Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||
Equatorial radius | 3 396.2 ± 0.1 km[a][2] 0.533 Earths | ||||||||||||
Polar radius | 3 376.2 ± 0.1 km[a][2] 0.531 Earths | ||||||||||||
Flattening | 0.005 89 ± 0.000 15 | ||||||||||||
144,798,500 km² 0.284 Earths | |||||||||||||
Volume | 1.6318×1011 km³ 0.151 Earths | ||||||||||||
Mass | 6.4185×1023 kg 0.107 Earths | ||||||||||||
Mean density | 3.934 g/cm³ | ||||||||||||
3.69 m/s² 0.376 g | |||||||||||||
5.027 km/s | |||||||||||||
1.025 957 day 24.622 96 h[3] | |||||||||||||
Equatorial rotation velocity | 868.22 km/h (241.17 m/s) | ||||||||||||
25.19° | |||||||||||||
North pole right ascension | 21 h 10 min 44 s 317.681 43° | ||||||||||||
North pole declination | 52.886 50° | ||||||||||||
Albedo | 0.15[4] | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
+1.8 to −2.91[4] | |||||||||||||
3.5—25.1"[4] | |||||||||||||
Atmosphere | |||||||||||||
Surface pressure | 0.7–0.9 kPa | ||||||||||||
Composition by volume | 95.72% Carbon dioxide 2.7% Nitrogen | ||||||||||||
- ^ Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). "HORIZONS System". NASA JPL. Retrieved 2007-08-08. — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS", "Target Body: Mars" and "Center: Sun".
- ^ a b Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, B. A.; a'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L.; Krasinsky, G. A.; Neumann, G.; Oberst, J.; Stooke, P.; Tedesco, E. F.; Tholen, D. J.; Thomas, P. C.; Williams, I. P. (2007). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 98 (3): 155–180. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b "Mars: Facts & Figures". NASA. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
nssdc
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).