 Venus in real color | |||||||||||||
| Designations | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjectives | Venusian or (rarely) Cytherean, Venerean | ||||||||||||
| Symbol |  | ||||||||||||
| Orbital characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Epoch J2000 | |||||||||||||
| Aphelion | 108,942,109 km 0.728 231 28 AU | ||||||||||||
| Perihelion | 107,476,259 km 0.718 432 70 AU | ||||||||||||
| 108,208,930 km 0.723 332 AU | |||||||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.006 8 | ||||||||||||
| 224.700 69 day 0.615 197 0 yr | |||||||||||||
| 583.92 days[1] | |||||||||||||
Average orbital speed | 35.02 km/s | ||||||||||||
| Inclination | 3.394 71° 3.86° to Sun's equator | ||||||||||||
| 76.670 69° | |||||||||||||
| 54.852 29° | |||||||||||||
| Known satellites | None | ||||||||||||
| Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||
| 6 051.8 ± 1.0 km[2] 0.949 9 Earths | |||||||||||||
| Flattening | < 0.000 2[2] | ||||||||||||
| 4.60×108 km² 0.902 Earths | |||||||||||||
| Volume | 9.38×1011 km³ 0.857 Earths | ||||||||||||
| Mass | 4.868 5×1024 kg 0.815 Earths | ||||||||||||
Mean density | 5.204 g/cm³ | ||||||||||||
| 8.87 m/s2 0.904 g | |||||||||||||
| 10.46 km/s | |||||||||||||
| 243.018 5 day | |||||||||||||
Equatorial rotation velocity | 6.52 km/h (1.81 m/s) | ||||||||||||
| 177.3°[1] | |||||||||||||
North pole right ascension | 18 h 11 min 2 s 272.76°[3] | ||||||||||||
North pole declination | 67.16° | ||||||||||||
| Albedo | 0.65[1] | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| up to -4.6[1] (cresent) -3.8[6] (full) | |||||||||||||
| 9.7" — 66.0"[1] | |||||||||||||
| Atmosphere | |||||||||||||
Surface pressure | 9.3 MPa | ||||||||||||
| Composition by volume | ~96.5% Carbon dioxide ~3.5% Nitrogen 0.015% Sulfur dioxide 0.007% Argon 0.002% Water vapor 0.001 7% Carbon monoxide 0.001 2% Helium 0.000 7% Neon trace Carbonyl sulfide trace Hydrogen chloride trace Hydrogen fluoride | ||||||||||||
- ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference
nssdcwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, B. A.; a'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L.; Krasinsky, G. A.; Neumann, G.; Oberst, J.; Stooke, P.; Tedesco, E. F.; Tholen, D. J.; Thomas, P. C.; Williams, I. P. (2007). "Report of the IAU/IAGWorking Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 90 (3): 155–180. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Report on the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites". International Astronomical Union. 2000. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
- ^ "Venus: Facts & Figures" (html). NASA. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
- ^ "Space Topics: Compare the Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, The Moon, and Mars". Planetary Society. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ephemeriswas invoked but never defined (see the help page).