A penalty fare, also known as a standard fare or supplementary fee is a special fare charged at a higher than normal price because the purchaser did not comply with the normal ticket purchasing rules. Typically penalty fares are incurred by passengers failing to purchase a ticket before travelling or by purchasing an incorrect ticket which does not cover their whole journey.
Penalty fares differs from a fine, and the person paying the penalty fare is not considered to have committed a criminal offence. Penalty fares are used to discourage casual fare evasion and disregard for the ticketing rules when no punishable offence exists, or prosecution is deemed to drastic and costly. More egregious fare avoiders can still be prosecuted and fined if convicted, if this is supported by regional law.
Swedish Association for Sexuality Education, (RFSU, Riksförbundet för sexuell upplysning) is a swedish nonprofit organization that works with public opinion formation on sexual and reproductive health and rights as well as information and education about sexuality and relationships. One of RFSU's main issues is the right to free abortion. The current Secretary-General is Åsa Régner.
RFSU was founded February 24, 1933 by, among others, Elise Ottesen-Jensen, Gunnar Inghe and Hanna Lundin. Elise Ottesen-Jensen was chairman from its inception in 1959, and has come to be strongly associated with the organization, whose journal, Ottar, was named after her.
RFSU works with information, education and advocacy by organizing courses, conferences and debates. Moreover the RFSU carries an extensive international work with similar organizations in other countries. RFSU is a member of The International Planned Parenthood Federation.
RFSU is the owner of RFSU AB and holds minority stake in Etac AB. Part of their profit goes to RFSU activities. RFSU AB sells condoms, lubricants, pregnancy tests and sex toys. Etac develops, manufactures and sells products for people with reduced mobility.
To-read sources for zero-fare:
- http://www.alternet.org/environment/57802/
- http://www.wired.com/autopia/2010/01/circulator-brings-free-transit-to-baltimore/
- Göransson, Hanna (2010-01-20), "Sofia vill göra tunnelbanan gratis för alla", Metro, Metro International
- Persson, Elsa (2009-08-10). "Planka.nu kan straffas hårdare". P3 Nyheter. Sveriges Radio. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
- Skrunes, Trond Olav (2010-01-12). "I dag er bussene gratis". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2010-02-01.
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