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User:Antidiskriminator/Drafts of articles/Battle for Borač

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Battle of Borač
Part of World War II in Yugoslavia
Date9 October 1941 — 31 October 1941
Location
Borač, Croatia (modern-day Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Result failure of Yugoslav forces to capture Borač
Belligerents
Axis:
 Allies:
 Yugoslavia
Commanders and leaders
Nazi Germany
Units involved
Chetnik Detachment Boško Jugović
Strength
  • 200 rifle guns
  • 12 light machine guns
  • 3 heavy guns

KRONOLOGIJA DOGAĐAJA NA PODRUČJU KOTARA GACKO OD ČETNIČKOG ZAUZIMANJA FOČE U PROSINCU 1941. DO OPERACIJE FOČA KRAJEM TRAVNJA 1942. Vladimir Šumanović *


The Battle for Borač was a battle between Muslim Ustashe forces and Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland held

Background

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The region of Borač had two subregions: Upper Borač and Lower Borač. The battle of Borač waged in January 1942 refers to Upper Borač region which encompassed following villages:[1]

  • Zurovići
  • Šumići
  • Bundići
  • Luka
  • Jabuka
  • Šipovica
  • Soderi
  • Stambeliće
  • Igri
  • Laze
  • Melečići
  • Lončari
  • Pridvorica
  • Pode
  • Mjednik
  • Počelje

Ustaše from Borač had very important role in the Ustaše massacres of Serbs in Eastern Herzegovina, while Ustaše themselves referred to Borač as "Alkazar of Ustaše".[2]

When Ustaše took control over Gacko they appointed Herman Tongal as their chief officer (poverenik).[3] Tongal appointed Marjan Banovac on the position of the commander of Ustaše garrison in Šipovica in Borač.[4] To arm Ustaše in his garrison Banovac acquired 200 rifle guns, 12 light machine guns, 3 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition.[5]

The main organizer of supporter of the Ustaše ideology in region of Eastern Herzegovina was Alija Šuljak, a professor from Trebinje.[6] Šuljak propagated Ustaše ideology in Gacko even before World War II, promoting fascism and disseminating religious and ethnic hatred toward Serbs.[7] When Axis occupied Yugoslavia in April 1941, Šuljak went to Gacko.[8] Alija Šuljak had important role in genocidal organization of Ustaše, he held the rank of "poglavni pobočnik".[9] Šuljak became notorious for organizing aggressive Ustša propaganda.[10]

At the end of Autumn 1941 Alija Šuljak went to the region of Borač and organized Ustaše units in Borač which torched Serb populated villages of Bodenište and Vratlo at the end of 1941.[11]

At the beginning of December 1941 Todorović requested support of Durmitor Partisan detachment to fight against Muslim units that committed numerous massacres of Serbs.[12] The Partisans perceived Chetnik actions as the policy of revenge and sent their patrol to Borač, one of the strongest strongholds of Ustaše to "help them to organize appropriatelly together". The Muslim Ustaše imprisoned and tortured soldiers from this partrol and eventually killed some of them.[13] Nevetheless, the Partisans refused to participate in struggle against Ustaše together with Chetniks and actually used Chetnik defeat in battle with Ustaše from Birač to attack Chetniks and capture members of their Headquarters.[14]

At the end of December 1941 larger group of Croatian soldiers led by Đuro Kindel enforced the Croatian troops in Borač that were already considered as "well armed" by Croatian authorities in Gacko.[15] On 3 January 1942 Kindel ordered his troops to organize aggressive reconnaissance into surrounding villages instructing them to burn villages in which they are attacked. According to official Ustaše sources the Croatian troops were attacked in Bodežište and Vratlo villages on 4 January 1942 and after one day battle Ustaše torched those villages and killed 200 people after suffering 8 killed Croatian soldiers and 7 wounded.[16] During the night between 4 and 5 January 1942 the armed groups of Serb villagers attacked Muslim villages Bahore and Mrđenoviće, captured and torched them until the morning.[17]

The forces of allegedly 1,000 Chetniks that captured Foča at the beginning of January 1942 advanced toward Oblje passing Kalinovik on 5 January 1942.[18] The main group of Chetniks moved along the main road running from Kalinovik toward Gacko, trough Oblje, Ulog and Plužine.[19]

Before their final attemtp in January 1942, the Chetniks unsuccessfully attacked Borač several times.[20]

Aftermath

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The defeat of Chetniks in the battle for Borač was precondition of their military and political defeat from Partisans who could not defeat them if they managed to capture Borač.[20]

References

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  1. ^ Durmitorska partizanska republika: materijali sa naučnog skupa održanog u Žabljaku 24, 25 i 26, avgusta 1977. godine. Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore. 1979. p. 244.
  2. ^ Šakota, Slobodan; (ed), Rudomir Petkovič (1961). Hercegovina u NOB. Vojnodelo. p. 105. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ (Čolić 1973, p. 274)
  4. ^ (Čolić 1973, p. 274)
  5. ^ (Čolić 1973, p. 274)
  6. ^ Istorija Radnickog Pokreta. 1965. p. 91. Organizator i rukovodilac ustaške organizacije u gatačkom kraju bio je profesor Alija Šuljak"...
  7. ^ (Bjelica 1984, p. 78)
  8. ^ Ratna sećanja iz NOB, 1941-1942: zbornik sećanja. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 291.
  9. ^ Bulajić, Milan (1988). Ustaški zločini genocida i suđenje Andriji Artukoviću 1986. godine. Rad. p. 419. ISBN 9788609001369. Alija Šuljak je imao važno mjesto u ustaškoj genocidnoj organizaciji, bio je „poglavni pobočnik". Rođen u selu Zasadu kod Trebinja 1901, gdje ..
  10. ^ Motadel, David (30 November 2014). Islam and Nazi Germany's War. Harvard University Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-674-74495-0. Pavelić's representative and liaison officer, Alija Šuljak, a Muslim who was notorious forhis aggressive Ustaša propaganda
  11. ^ Plećaš, Neđeljko; Dimitrijević, Bojan; Serbia), Институт за савремену историју (Belgrade (2004). Ratne godine. Institut za savremenu istoriju. p. 234. ISBN 9788674030912. Али, у јесен 1941. године, у овај крај је стигао усташа Алија Шуљак, професор. Он је отпочео да организује усташку војницу у Борачу, која је крајем године попалила српска села Бодениште и Вратло.
  12. ^ Nikolić, Kosta. Mit o partizanskom jugoslovenstvu. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, 2015, page:337, "Наличје партизанске стратегије показало се почетком децембра 1941. у североисточној Херцеговини, када је мајор Бошко Тодоровић, тражио помоћ Дурмиторског партизанског одреда у борби против муслимана који су претходно починили бројне злочине над Србима. “."
  13. ^ Nikolić, Kosta. Mit o partizanskom jugoslovenstvu. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, 2015, page:337, "Партизани су, међутим, политику четника тумачили као осветничку, па су 9. децембра у Борач, једно од најјачих усташких упоришта, послали патролу да му-слиманима „помогне да се са нама правилно организују“. Али, патрола је заробљена и мучена, „два утекла, један у путу, а други са губилишта, остала тројица стријељани“. ."
  14. ^ Nikolić, Kosta. Mit o partizanskom jugoslovenstvu. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, 2015, page:339, "Црногорски партизани одбили су да учествују у борбама против усташа, а неуспешан четнички напад на Борач искористили су за обрачун са њима. Један партизански вод, састављен од црногорских и херцеговачких партизана, одмах је разоружао четнички штаб и похапсио његове чланове."
  15. ^ Vladimir Šumanović: Kronologija događaja na području kotara Gacko od četničkog zauzimanja Foče, Polemos 18 (2015.) 1: ISSN 1331-5595, page 32, ”.
  16. ^ Vladimir Šumanović: Kronologija događaja na području kotara Gacko od četničkog zauzimanja Foče, Polemos 18 (2015.) 1: ISSN 1331-5595, page 32, ”.
  17. ^ Vladimir Šumanović: Kronologija događaja na području kotara Gacko od četničkog zauzimanja Foče, Polemos 18 (2015.) 1: ISSN 1331-5595, page 32
  18. ^ Vladimir Šumanović: Kronologija događaja na području kotara Gacko od četničkog zauzimanja Foče, Polemos 18 (2015.) 1: ISSN 1331-5595, page 32
  19. ^ Vladimir Šumanović: Kronologija događaja na području kotara Gacko od četničkog zauzimanja Foče, Polemos 18 (2015.) 1: ISSN 1331-5595, page 32
  20. ^ a b Institut, Vojnoistorijski (1952). Zbornik Dokumenata i Podataka O Narodnooslobodilackom Ratu Jugoslovenskih Naroda. Vojnoistorijski Institut. p. 254. Четннцн су у току 1941 н 1942 год. вршили неколико пута неуспјеле нападе на усташко упориште Борач. Посљедњи и највећн напад подузелн су јануара 1942 год. под командом мајора Бошка Тодоровића. У овом нападу четници су претрпили тежак пораз послије чега су одустали од даљих покушаја да заузму ово снажно усташко упориште. Cite error: The named reference "Institut1952" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

Sources

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[1]

in case sfn format is used:

[2]

  1. ^ Smith 2011, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
  2. ^ Smith 2011, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
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