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User:Artemis Andromeda/sandbox/Ursynow/history1

History

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Prehistory

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Stary Sluzew

Signs of human settlements from the Stone Age (4000 BCE and 2000 BCE), Bronze Age (3300 BCE to 1200 BCE), and of the Lusatian culture (1300 BCE to 500 BCE) have been found in the area of Warsaw Escarpment and Służewiec Stream.[1]


Middle ages

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Dabrowka

The oldest known records of Dąbrówka come from 1422, when it was a farming community, and a village inhabited by the petty nobility.[2][3]

Jeziorki

The village of Jeziorki was founded in the 15th century, via separation from the village of Gramnica, which no longer exists.[4] In the 16th century, it was owned by the Jeziorkowski family of the Radwan heraldic clan. In 1528, together with surrounding farmland, its estate had an area of 50 ha. In 1602, it was part of the Catholic parish based in Raszyn.[4][5]

The village was destroyed by Swedish forces during the Deluge, a conflict between the Swedish Empire and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth lasting from 1655 to 1660. In the second half of the 17th century, portion of the village, with an area of 9 ha, was bought by Warsaw canon Czyżewski, who then incorporated it into his land estate of Dawidy. In 1729, Jeziorki had 10 households.[4]

Kabaty

The oldest known records of Kabady come from 1386, when it received Kulm law rights from duke Janusz I the Old, ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw. It was a small farming community, located at the edge of the Warsaw Escarpment, and on a road connecting Warsaw and Czersk. The village was owned by the Ciołek family until 17th century, when it was acquired by the Piekarski family.[2][6][7]

In 1580, Kabaty and their adjusted farmlands had combined area of around 70 ha. In 1656, it was completely destroyed by the Swedish army during the Deluge, a conflict between Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Swedish Empire.[7]

Natolin


By 1528, in the area was present the settlement of Moczydło. It was a small farming community, located on the road leading to Imielin, within the Catholic St. Catherine Parish. The village was owned and inhabited by a petty nobility. Between 1580 and 1658, the village, and its adjusted farmlands, had an area of around 9 ha, and in 1661, there were 5 houses.[8][9][3] It was owned by Dąbrowski family until 1725, when it was sold together with Wolica to Elżbieta Sieniawska, owner of the Wilanów Estate for the price of 60,000 złoties. She has also ordered protection of the nearby Kabaty Woods from deforestation.[10]

Stary Imielin


The oldest known records of Imielin come from 1422. It was a small village located near the road connecting Warsaw and Piaseczno, now Puławska Street. Throughout history, it was known as Emilin, Imielino, Jamielin, Jemielin, and Jemielino, among other names.[2] In 1445, the village received the Kulm law rights from the duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw, ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw.[11]

In the 16th century, Imielin was a property of the Służewiecki family.[11] At its largest extent, the farmlands of the Imielin estate had around 85 hectares.[12] In the 17th century, the village became property of Jakub Hieronim Rozdrażewski, the voivode of the Inowrocław Voivodeship. At the time there were between 8 and 11 households.[11]

Stary Sluzew

By 1065, the area was inhabited by the Catholic monks of the Order of Saint Benedict. They also had there their missionary centre. In 1238, there was established the Catholic Parish of St. Catherine, founded by duke Konrad I of Masovia, ruler of the Duchy of Masovia, and erected by bishop Paweł II of Bnin. It is the oldest parish within modern boundaries of Warsaw.[13][14] At the same time, nearby was founded the Służew Old Cemetery.[15] Archaeological findings suggest, that prior to that, there was a place of worship of Slavic paganism, with signs of fire that burned constantly for several-hounded years.[16] It is unknown how the first church built there looked like. In 13th century, in its place was built a wooden church, which was later replaced by a brick church.[17]

By 1238, there was located the village of Służewo (later known as Służew), placed near Sadurka river, and owned by the Catholic Order of Canon Regulars of St. Augustin from Czerwińsk nad Wisłą. In 1240, it was acquired by duke Konrad I of Masovia, who then gifted it to his knight and count, Gotard of Służew, on 27 April 1245.[18][19] His descendants became the Służewiecki family of the Radwan heraldic clan, whom owned this land until 17th century.[18][20]

The St. Catherine's Church was again rebuilt in 1742, and in 1848, in Romanesque Revival style.[17]

Centrum

At the end of the 14th century or beginning of the 15th century, in the area were founded two small farming communities, Imielin to the west, and Wolica (historically known as Wola Służewska) to the east. They were owned and inhabited by petty nobility.[21][22][11] In 1445, Imielin received the Kulm law rights from the duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw, ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw.[11]

Wyczulki

The oldest known records of Wyczółki, then known as Wyczółkowo (spelled as Vyczolkovo), come from 1483.[2] It was a small village owned by petty nobility.[3]

18th century

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Grabow

The oldest known records of Grabów, then a small village known as Grabowo, date to the 18th century. It was founded by Warsaw deputy cup-bearer Grabowski, on the farmlands of Imielin and Wyczółki.[23]

Kabaty

In 1721, Kabaty was sold to Elżbieta Sieniawska, owner of the Wilanów Estate.[7] In 1726, she ordered the protection of the nearby Kabaty Woods from deforestation. As such, wood needed for construction in Kabaty was imported from Sieniawska's estate in Nieporęt.[24]

In 1775, the village had 16 houses, and in 1827, it had the population of 177 people in 17 houses.[7]

Natolin


At the end of the 17th century, within the area of the current Natolin, king John III Sobieski established a designated royal area for animal hunting, as part of the nearby Wilanów Palace complex. In 1730, the estate owners, Maria Zofia Czartoryska and August Aleksander Czartoryski, leased it to king Augustus II the Strong, who turned it into the pheasantry. As such, the area became known as Bażantaria (Polish for pheasantry). It was designed in French Baroque style, with paths braniching out away from the main building, similarly to those in Palace of Versailles. In 1733, the property was returned to its owners.[25][26]

In 1780, August Aleksander Czartoryski begun there the construction of his residence, which later would become known as the Potocki Palace. The Neoclassical palace was designed by a renowned contemporary architect Szymon Bogumił Zug in the while the internal design was prepared by Vincenzo Brenna. It featured a distinctive half-open salon, with a view on the forest below the Warsaw Escarpment. Its construction was finished in 1782, and following Czartoryski's death the same year, it wad inherited by his daughter, Elżbieta Izabela Lubomirska. In 1799, it became a wedding gift to her daughter Aleksandra Lubomirska and brother-in-law Stanisław Kostka Potocki, and in 1805, it was inherited by their son Aleksander Stanisław Potocki and his wife Anna Tyszkiewicz. In 1807, following the birth of their daughter, Natalia Potocka, the area was renamed after her to Natolin.[26][27][28] The palace was rebuilt in 1808 in accordance to project by Chrystian Piotr Aigner, and again between 1834 and 1838, with project by Enrico Marconi.[27][28] In 1892, it wad inherited by the Branicki family.[29]

In 1775, the village of Moczydło had 7 houses, and in 1785, 10 houses. In 1827, it had 10 houses and 80 inhabitants. Between 1850 and 1861, the population of Moczydło fought in court to lower costs of their feudal duties. Following the abolition of serfdom in 1864, the village was incorporated into the municipality of Wilanów. At the time it was inhabited by 131 people and included 360 ha privately owned farmland, and 36 ha of nobility-owned farmland. In 1905, there were 20 houses and 146 inhabitants.[8]

Pyry


Pyry, historically known as Pery, was founded in the 18th century, originally being the southern extension of the village of Imielin. It was a farming community with a few households.[30][31]

Stary Sluzew


In 1776, in Służew was built the Krasiński Palace. It was commissioned by princess Elżbieta Izabela Lubomirska as a gift for her daughter Aleksandra Lubomirska, and son-in-law Stanisław Kostka Potocki.[32][33] In 1822, it became property of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, who organised there a library collecting rare and valuable books. He renamed his estate after himself to Ursynów, which inspired the name of the modern city district of Ursynów.[34] The palace was rebuilt in 1860 in the Renaissance Revival style.[35] In 1857, it was acquired by the Krasiński family.[33] Its last owner, Edward Bernard Raczyński had donated it to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education in 1921.[36]

Centrum


In 1730, Wolica was bought by nobleperson Maria Zofia Czartoryska, and added to the Wilanów Estate.[31] Additionally, in the 18th century, Imielin, together with nearby Wyczółki formed the landed property of Warsaw deputy cup-bearer Grabowski.[11]

19th

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Dabrowka

In 1898, there was opened the Warszawa Dąbrówka Wąskotorowa narrow-gauge railway station operated by the Grójec Commuter Railway. It was part of the railway line between stations of Warszawa Mokotów and Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. The station operated until 31 July 1971. It was located at Puławska Street, near current crossing with Jagielska Street.[37]

On 24 June 1898, businessperson Stanisław Rostkowski opened a brick factory in Dąbrówka, which used nearby railway to export its products. In the 1910s, in the area Rostkowski also founded a small settlement for his employees, and a small primary school. The brickworks industry left behind numerous clay pits in the area, where were flooded, forming ponds, including: Głęboki Staw, Krzewiny, Glinianki pod Lasem, and Lipków Pond.[38][39]


Grabow

In the 19th century, to the southeast of Grabów, around current Krasnowolska Street, was founded the village of village of Krasnowola.[11] In the second half of the century, at current 78 Krasnowolska Street the Krasnowola Manor House was built as the residence of castellan Kretkowski.[40] To the south of Grabów was also founded the settlement of Grabówek.[11]

In 1827, Grabów had 67 inhabitants in 9 households, in 1905, it had 157 inhabitants, and in 1921, it had 111 inhabitants in 21 households.[23]

In 1898 was opened the Grabów Emilin narrow-gauge railway station, operated by the Grójec Commuter Railway. It was part of the railway line between stations of Warszawa Mokotów and Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. The station operated until 1957. It was located between Grabów and Imielin, at the current intersection of Puławska Street, and Mysikrólika Street.[41]

Jeziorki


At the beginning of the 19th century, to the village begun moving in German settlers. Since then, it was divided into two parts: Jeziorki Polskie (Polish Jeziorki), inhabited by Polish people, and Jeziorki Niemieckie (German Jeziorki), inhabited by German people, and later known as Nowe Jeziorki (New Jeziorski). In 1827, Jeziorki Niemieckie were inhabited by 110 people in 10 households.[4]

In 1864, German settles had also founded the village of Ludwinów. It was located to the north of Jeziorki, in the area of current Ludwinowska Street.[42]

Kabaty


Between 1850 and 1861, the populations of Kabaty and Moczydło fought in court to lower costs of their feudal duties. Following the abolition of serfdom in 1864, Kabaty was incorporated into the municipality of Wilanów.[7] In 1892, the village was bought by Ksawery Branicki, who then established local woods administration.[24]

Stary Imielin


Following the abolition of serfdom in 1864, in Imelin were established 21 peasant-owned farms, and the area became part of then-established municipality of Falenty.[11]


Stary Sluzew


Between 1818 and 1821, Stanisław Kostka Potocki had established the Gucin residence near the Church of St. Catherine. Following his death in 1821, his wife, Aleksandra Lubomirska had founded there the garden complex of Gucin Grove, developed between 1821 and 1830.[43] At the turn of 19th century, there were also built catacombs.[44]

In the 1880s, the Fort VIII had been built near Służew, as part of the series of fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, built around Warsaw by the Russian Imperial Army. It was decommissioned in 1909, and partially destroyed, including all its concrete structures.[45][46]

Wyczulki


In 1805, castellan Franciszek Krotkowski, who then owned the village built there the Wyczółki Manor House as his residence. It was placed near two Berensewicz Ponds, at the current 53 Łączyny Street. Around them was developed an English landscape garden, now known as the Wyczółki Park.[47][48][49]

20th

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Dabrowka


On 14 May 1951, Dąbrówka was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

In 1996 was established the municipal neighbourhood of Dąbrówka, as a subdivision of the municipality of Warsaw-Ursynów, which was replaced by the city district of Ursynów in 2002. The neighbourhood status was reconfirmed in 2013. It is governed by an elected neighbourhood council.[51][52] In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with Dąbrówka being one of them, with the same boundaries as the municipal neighbourhood.[53][54]

Grabow


In 1938 in Grabów had settled nuns of the Society of the Sacred Heart, where they set up a chappel near their house. In 1952, it became a parish church, and between 1990 and 1995, in its place was built the Church of St. Sophie Barat.[55][56] Additionally, on 27 June 1995, at Poloneza Street, was opened the Grabów Cemetery, operated by the parish. It is located in the nearby neighbourhood of Wyczółki, near the boundary og Grabów.[57][58]

On 8 September 1939, Grabów was captured by the German forces during the Invasion of Poland in the Second World War.[59]

On 14 May 1951, Grabów, Grabówek, Krasnowola were incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

In 1980, at 20 Korowodu Street was opened the Christian Mission Centre of the Salesians of Don Bosco, and the Salesian Mission Museum, with over 3000 exponates.[60]

In the 1980s and 1990s, between Puławska Street, Mączyńskiego Street, Taneczna Street, and Grabów Canal, was constructed the residencial neighbourhood of Grabów, consisting of terraced houses. It was designed by Zbigniew Panek, Krystyna Szedna, and Andrzej Wolski, and developed by the Grabów Intercompany Housing Association (Polish: Międzyzakładowa Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa „Grabów”).[23][61]

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with Grabów becoming one of them. The area included Grabów, as well as Grabówek, and Krasnowola. In 2000, its boundaries were modified, with an area between Wyczółki Street, Puławska Street, Poleczki Street, and Galopu Street, being ceded from North Ursynów.[62][63]

Jeziorki


In 1905, Jeziorki Niemieckie had the population of 82 people in 12 households, and in 1921, of 80 people and the same amount of households. In 1905, Jeziorki Polskie had the population of 209 people in 13 households, and in 1921, of 194 people in 19 households.[4]

In 1936, at the current crossing of Karczunkowska Street and Gogolińska Street, was opened the Warszawa Jeziorki. In 1962, to the north, at Baletowa Street, was also opened the Warszawa Dawidy railway station. Both are operated to the present by the Polish State Railways, and are part of the railway line no. 8, between stations Warszawa Zachodnia and Kraków Główny.[64][65]

On 24 March 1946, was opened the Pyry Cemetery, located at Łagiewnicka Street, within the current City Information System area of Jeziorki Północne. It is operated by the Church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul, located in the nearby Pyry.[66][58]

On 14 May 1951, Jeziorki and Ludwinów were incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

In 1996, there were established municipal neighbourhoods of Jeziorki and Etap, as two subdivisions of the municipality of Warsaw-Ursynów. Both neighbourhoods continued to exist following the replacement of the municipality by district of Ursynów in 2002. Their status was reconfirmed in 2013. The neighbourhood of Jeziorki has an arra of 816 ha, and encompasses area between Warsaw Metro branch line, and in a line west from its crossing with Karnawał Street, Czempińska Street, Farbiarska Street, Klarnecistów Street, Sarabandy Street, Karczunkowska Street, Puławska Street, and the boundaries of the district of Ursynów. The neighbourhood of Etap has an area of 9 ha, and is an enclave surrounded by Jeziorki. It's located between Dawidowska Street (also including building adjusted to its northeastern side), Karczunkowska Street, and the tracks of the railway line no. 8.[51][52][67]

 
The Polish Orthodox Church of St. Sophia of Holy Wisdom in Jeziorki, constructed between 2015 and 2023. Photography made in 2020.

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with neighbourhoods of Jeziorki and Etap together being encompassed within areas of Jeziorki Północne (North Jeziorki), and Jeziorki Południowe (South Jeziorki). They are separated by Baletowa Street.[68][69]

Kabaty


In 1905, the village was inhabited by 319 people in 38 houses, and in 1920, by 397 people in 59 houses. During the Interwar period, in the woods near Kabaty was established a holiday village with 8 houses and the population of 61 people.[7]

On 31 December 1938, the city of Warsaw bought the Kabaty Woods, and dedicated its portion for urban development.[70][71] On 11 August 1980, it was given the status of the nature reserve.[72]

On 14 May 1951, Kabaty were incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

Beginning in 1987, and continuing throughout 1990s and 2000s, in Kabaty there were constructed series of multifamily residential buildings, as part of the development of the neighbourhood of Natolin.[61][73]

On 7 April 1995, at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue and Wąwozowa Street was opened the Kabaty station of the M1 line of Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground system.[74][75] To the south, next to the Kabaty Woods was also opened the Kabaty Technical and Parking Station, a Warsaw Metro motive power depot.[76]

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with Kabaty becoming one of them. The area additionally included portion of the neighbourhood of Moczydło.[77][78]

Natolin


In 1879, in Moczydło was built horse stable, owned by count Ludwik Józef Krasiński, and the village became specialised in breeding horses for the local upper class. In the 1930s, it became a suplier for the newly opened nearby Służewiec Horse Racing Track. It operated until the beginning of the Second World War.[79][80] Following the end of the war, the farmlands of Moczydło were nationalised, and in 1956, the they were donated by the state to the Warsaw University of Life Sciences.[80][81] The ruins of the stable survive to the present day, now with the status of a protected cultural property.[79]

During the Second World War, while Warsaw was under the German occupation, the Natolin Woods near the Potocki Palace became the sight of one of the first war crimes committed by the Nazi Germany officers in the city. Sometime between 13 and 17 November 1939, fifteen Polish men were executed by shooting. The bodies were exhumated in 1971, and in 2022, the tragedy was commemorated with a small monument erected near the palace.[82][83] During the Warsaw Uprising, and following its end, the palace was devastated and plundered by German forces, together with other wealthy buildings in Natolin.[84]

In 1945, Potocki Palace was nationalised, and placed under the administration of the Warsaw National Museum. It was renovated and turned into the official residence of the President of Poland, Bolesław Bierut. Later it was used by the Council of Ministers Office.[84] In 1991, around 100 ha of the Natolin Park received the status of the nature reserve of the Natolin Woods.[85] In 1992, the palace became the campus of the branch of the College of Europe. Around it were also built several other university buildings.[84]

On 14 May 1951, the area, including Natolin and Moczydło, was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

 
Buildings of the housing estate of Natolin at Belgradzka Street in 2015.

Beginning in 1981, throughout the 1980s, between Pileckiego, Stryjeńskich, and Przy Bażantarni Streets, and Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, was constructed the housing estate of Wyżyny, consisting of large panel system multifamily residential buildings.[86][87] Later, beginning in 1987, and continuing throughout 1990s and 2000s, to the south and east were also constructed series of housing estates of multifamily residential buildings, as part of the development of the neighbourhood of Natolin. It also partially encompassed the nearby neighbourhood of Kabaty.[61][73] Both developments were designed by Jacek Jan Nowicki.[86][88]

In 1994, the neighbourhood became part of then-established city district of Ursynów. Natolin Park and Potocki Palace, historically associated with it, became part of Wilanów instead.[89] In 1998, the district of was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with Natolin becoming one of them.[58]

On 7 April 1995, there was opened the Natolin station of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground syststem, placed at the intersection of Belgradzka Street and Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue.[75][74]

Between 1992 and 2002, at 3 Przy Bażantarni Street, was constructed the Catholic Blessed Ladislas of Gielniów Church.[13] Between 1993 and 2003, at 21 Stryjeńskich Street, was also built the Catholic Church of the Presentation of Jesus.[14]

North Ursynow


In 1903 in the area of modern North Ursynów was opened the Służewiec narrow-gauge railway station, which was operated by the Grójec Commuter Railway, and served the population of the nearby village of Służewiec. It was part of the railway line between stations of Warszawa Mokotów and Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. The station operated until 31 July 1971. It was located to the south-east of Służewiec, near the current intersection of Puławska Street, and Dolina Służewiecka Street.[37][90]

 
The Służewiec Horse Racing Track in 1939.

In 1925, the Society of Horse Breeding Promotion in Poland (Polish: Towarzystwo Zachęty do Hodowli Koni w Polsce) had bought an area of 1.5 km2 (0.58 square miles), on which they began the construction of the Służewiec Horse Racing Track, which was opened in 1939.[91][92][93][94] Upon its opening, it became the largest and the most modern horse racing venue in Europe.[95] The race track is located at 266 Puławska Street.[91][92]

By the 1930s, within the modern boundaries of North Ursynów was located the settlement of Imielin Nowy, placed to the north from the village of Imielin. There was probably also located portion of the farmlands of the neighbouring villages of Służew and Wyczółki.[96]

In September 1939, the race track had been captured by the German forces, during the Siege of Warsaw in the Second World War. During the German occupation of Poland, it served as an airstrip for the fighter aircraft. In July 1944, there were stationed between 600 and 800 soldiers.[97] On 1 August 1944, on the first day of the Warsaw Uprising, the airstrip had been attacked by the Polish resistance partisants from the Karpaty Battalion of the Baszta Regiment Group.[98][99] The attack was unsuccessful, with partisants experiencing heavy casualties. Later that day, in retaliation, the German forces had executed there captured partisans and a group of civiliann rounded up in the nearby Służew.[98]

On 14 May 1951 the area was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

 
The building at 1 Dunikowskiego Street in Jary, an example of multifamily highrise housing constructed in North Ursynów in the 1970s.

Between 1971 and 1977, there was established the residencial area of North Ursynów, with the total area of 126 ha. It consists of two neighbourhoods, Jary to the west, and Stokłosy to the east. The neighbourhoods are separated by Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, and encompassed within an area marked by Dolina Służewiecka Street, Rodowicza Street, Ciszewskiego Street, Pileckiego Street, and Puławska Street. The neighbourhoods consist of 4- and 13-storey multifamily residential large panel system buildings, and prefabricated reinforced concrete service buildings.[100] They were designed to have in total 9,580 apartments, and house around 39,300 people.[101] The main architects responsible for the project were Marek Budzyński, Jerzy Szczepanik-Dzikowski, and Andrzej Szkop.[100] Between 1971 and 1977, within the boundaries of Jary was also built the neighbourhood of Koński Jar-Nutki with multifamily residential large panel system buildings, located between Surowieckiego Street, Zaolziańska Street, Dolina Służewiecka Street, and Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, and centred on Koński Jar Street and Nutki Street.[100][102] In 1977 next to it was also opened the Roman Kozłowski Park. It includes the Cwil Mound, an artificial mound formed in 1976 from the ground excavated during the construction in North Ursynów.[103][104][105] In 1977, across North Ursynów were placed series of twelve sculptures made in various techniques, known as the Ursynów Sculptures. They were made under the patronage of the Association of Polish Artists and Designers, by artists Edmund Majkowski, Janina Mirecka-Maciejewska, Marek Jerzy Moszyński, Ryszard Stryjecki, Władysław Trojan, and Stefan Wierzbicki.[106][107]

Between 1982 and 1989, at 101 Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue was built the Catholic Church of the Ascension.[56]

 
The Neighbourhood of Techniczna Construction and Housing Association in North Ursynów, constructed between 1993 and 1999. Photography made in 2022.

Between 1986 and 1996 was constructed the gated community of Surowieckiego 2, 4, 6, 8, located between Puławska Street, Jana Zaorskiego Street, and Surowieckiego Street. It consists of four four-storey-tall multifamily residential buildings. It was designed by architects Adam Kowalewski, Jerzy Szczepanik-Dzikowski, Olgierd Jagiełło, and Maciej Miłobędzki.[108][109][110] Nearby, between 1993 and 1999, was constructed the gated community of the Neighbourhood of Techniczna Construction and Housing Association, located between Zaolziańska Street, Zaorskiego Street, Puławsk Street, and Dolina Służewiecka Street. It consists of eleven three-storey-tall multifamily residential buildings.[108][111]

On 19 September 1990, at 8 Bacewiczówna Street, was opened the first IKEA store in Poland. It operated until 1992, with company moving to other locations in the city.[112][113]

In 1992, at 3 Stokłosy Street, was opened the Vistula University, one of the oldest, and one of the leading private universities in Poland.[114][115]

On 7 April 1995, in North Ursynów were opened two stations of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground system. They are Ursynów station, located at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, Surowieckiego Street, and Bartoka Street, and Stokłosy station, at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, Jastrzębowskiego Street, and Herbsta Street.[75][74]

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with North Ursynów becoming one of them. It mostly included the neighbourhoods of Jary and Stokłosy, as well as the main circuit of the Służewiec Horse Racing Track. In 2000, its boundaries were modified, with an area between Wyczółki Street, Puławska Street, Poleczki Street, and Galopu Street, being ceded to Grabów.[116][117]

Pyry


On 30 November 1898, in Pyry was opened the Warszawa Pyry narrow-gauge railway station operated by the Grójec Commuter Railway. It was part of the railway line between stations of Warszawa Mokotów and Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. The station operated until 1 December 1969. It was at the current intersection of Puławska Street, Akustyczna Street, and Leśna Street.[37][118] The presence the railway station had greatly increased development of the village.[118] In 1921, it was inhabited by 421 people in 60 households.[30]

During the interwar period, Pyry was a holiday village.[31]

In the 1930s, at 8 Kajakowa Street, and in the nearby Kabaty Woods was constructed the military complex of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces, which, from 1937 to 1939, housed the branch of the Cipher Bureau responsible for deciphering German codes and messages.[119] A team of mathematicians employed by the bureau, consisting of Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki, and Henryk Zygalski, was the first to decipher coding of the Enigma machine in 1932, used by the Nazi Germany military. They continued working on its deciphering at the facility, and shared their Enigma-decryption techniques there with British and French intelligence agencies in June 1939. [120][121] Currently, it houses the Air Operations Centre – Air Component Command of the Polish Air Force.[122]

On 8 September 1939, Pyry was captured by the German forces during the Invasion of Poland in the Second World War.[123]

 
The Catholic Church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul constructed between 1946 and 1958. Photography made in 2019.

Between 1946 and 1958, at 434 Puławska Street was constructed the Catholic Church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul.[56] On 24 March 1946, at Łagiewnicka Street was also opened the Pyry Cemetery, operated by the church. Currently, it is located within the nearby neighbourhood of Jeziorki.[66][58]

On 14 May 1951, Pyry was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

In 1996 was established the municipal neighbourhood of Pyry, as a subdivision of the municipality of Warsaw-Ursynów, which was replaced by the city district of Ursynów in 2002. The neighbourhood status was reconfirmed in 2013. It is governed by an elected neighbourhood council.[51][52] In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with one of them being Pyry, with the same boundaries as the municipal neighbourhood.[124][125]

 
The Rodan Systems Building, constructed in 1998, and regarded as a prime example of the 1990s and post-communist architecture in Poland. Photography made in 2023.

In 1998, at 465 Puławska Street was opened the Rodan Systems Building.[126] It was awarded the First Degree Award of the Minister of the Interior and Administration in 1999, and is regarded as a prime example of the 1990s and post-communist architecture in Poland.[127][128][129]

Skarpa Powsinska


In 1913, within current Skarpa Powsińska, then part of the village of Klarysew, was constructed the Janówek Villa. From 1928, it was the residence of Fangor family. In 1943 artist Wojciech Fangor, created there a ceiling painting titled Pleiades, with mythological and astronomical motives.[130][131]

By 1933, within Skarpa Powsińska were located two villages, Janówek and Łęczyca, which were part of the municipality of Jeziorna.[132]

In 1938, the Polski Country Club bought an 50 hectare area in Skarpa Powsińska from count Adam Branicki to built there a golf course. In the 1940s, during the occupation of Poland in the Second World War, it was turned into a farmland. In 1947, the land was donated to the city of Warsaw, for it to establish there a recreational area, which became the Powsin Culture Park.[133][134]

On 15 May 1951, the area was incorporated into Warsaw.[50]

In 1974, in Skarpa Powsińska was established the Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden – Powsin Centre for Biological Diversity Conservation, with an area of 40 ha. It was developed between 1978 and 1990. It also incorporated the Janówek Villa, and its gardens.[135]

In 1996 was established the municipal neighbourhood of Prawdziwka, located between Prawdziwka Street, Muchomora Street, Kabaty Woods, and field near them, which included Łęczyca. It became a subdivision of the municipality of Warsaw-Ursynów, which was replaced by the city district of Ursynów in 2002. The neighbourhood status was reconfirmed in 2013. It is governed by an elected neighbourhood council.[51][52] In 1998, the district was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with one of the becoming Skarpa Powsińska.[136][137]


Stary Imielin


In 1898 was opened the Grabów Emilin narrow-gauge railway station, operated by the Grójec Commuter Railway. It was part of the railway line between stations of Warszawa Mokotów and Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą. The station operated until 1957. It was located between Grabów and Imielin, at the current intersection of Puławska Street, and Mysikrólika Street.[138]

In 1905, in Imielin were located 23 households. In 1921, it was incorporated by 296 people, and in 1923, by 211 people.[11]

By the 1930s, to the north was located the settlement of Imielin Nowy (New Imielin).[96]

On 14 May 1951, Imielin was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50]

Between 1976 and 1981, in the area were constructed two residencial neighbourhoods, West Ursynów to the west, and Imielin to the east.[11] West Ursynów was constructed between Pileckiego Street, Filipiny Płaskowickiej Street, Warsaw, Płaskowickiej Street, and Puławska Street. It included multifamily residential apartments, as well as service and manufacturing buildings. It was divided into two parts, separated by a green belt between Imielin Lake and Kabaty Woods. The eastern section was dedicated to medical infrastructure, while the western section for the industrial and technical buildings. The neighbourhood was designed by team led by Marek Budzyński.[11][139]

 
The building complex of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in 2020.

In 1979, at 5 Roentgena Street was begun the construction of the new headquarters and medical complex of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology. Its first portion was opened on 16 July 1984, and the new buildigns were opened in the following years, with the full compleation in 1997.[140]

In 1996, at 105 Pileckiego Street was opened the building of the Saint Christopher Oncological Hospice Foundation, which cares for cancer patients, and helps their families.[141]

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System. One of them was Imielin, which included the neighbourhoods of Imielin, Na Skraju, and West Ursynów. In 2000, it was divided into two areas, separated by Pileckiego Street. Its western portion, which includgles West Ursynów, became Stary Imelin, and the esteren portion, that includes Imielin and Na Skraju, became Ursynów-Centrum.[142][143]


Stary Sluzew


On 27 September 1938, Służew was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[144][145]

Between 1945 and 1947, near the St. Catherine's Church, the Security Office had buried in unmarked graves bodies of political prisoners murdered in the Mokotów Prison. It is estimated that around two thousand bodies were buried there. They were later exhumed, and moved to the nearby Służew Old Cemetery.[146][147] In 1993, there was placed the Monument to the 1944–1956 Communist Terror Martyrs, commemorating the victims.[148]

 
The building of the Faculty of Human Nutrition of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, opened in 2003. Photography made in 2019.

In 1956, the Council of Ministers have given a plot of land in Służew, as well as in nearby Natolin, Wilanów, and Wolica to the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Acquired area included the Krasiński Palace and a vocational school, which were adopted into the university campus, and located near Nowoursynowska Street. It was further developed with new faculty buildigns throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In 1989, the Krasiński Palace became the seat of the university authorities. Between 1999 and 2002, it was expanded with the construction of a new campus, that became one of the most technologically advanced in Europe. In 2003, all remaining faculties and inspirations of the university were moved to Służew. [81][149] Since 1983, the university hosts annually the Ursynalia, one of the largest music festivals in Poland.[150]

In the 1970s, around the Fort VIII was constructed a neighbourhood of single-family housing for the officers of the Polish People's Army. In 1981, in the fort were constructed concrete-enforced trenches.[46]

In 1994, Służew was divided into two parts, separated by the Dolina Służewiecka Street. The southern, historical part of the neighbourhood became part of the municipality of Warsaw-Ursynów, while the rest to the north, part of the municipality of Warsaw-Centre.[151] In 1998, Ursynów was subdivided into the City Information System areas, with the neighbourhood becoming part of the area of Stary Ursynów (translation from Polish: Old Ursynów). In 2000, it was renamed to Stary Służew.[152][153] In 2002, the municipality was replaced by the city district of Ursynów.[154]

In 1996 in the woodland and swamp on the Warsaw Escarpment in northeastern portion of Stary Służew was established the Ursynów Escarpment Nature Reserve.[155][156]

Centrum


In 1905, Wolica was inhabited by 478 people in 34 houses, all of which were constructed out of wood, and with thatched roofs. In 1908, the village burded down, with only two houses surviving. Since then, most of the buildings there were constructed from bricks.[157] In 1921, Wolica was in habitated by 211 people, and Imielin by 296.[11][157]

During the German occupation of Poland in the Second World War, in Wolica were stationed German soldiers.[158]

In 1948, there was opened the bus line no. 104, connecting Wolica with the Southern Bus Station.[159][160] The connection operated until 1990.[161] In 1949, the village was connected to the electric network.[159]

On 14 May 1951, Imielin and Wolica were incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[50] In 1956, the portion of Wolica farmlands became property of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, which organised there a test field.[162] In the 1950s, in Wolica was also founded the Kolejarz Wolica association football club.[159] In the 1960s, the construction of new housing buildings in the village was forbidden.[159]

 
The multifamily residential buildings at Szolc-Rogozińskiego Street, constructed in the neighbourhood of Na Skraju in the 1970s. Photography made in 2021.

Between 1976 and 1981, there was established the residencial area of South Ursynów, with the total area of 213.5 ha. It consists of two neighbourhoods, Imielin to the west, and Na Skraju to the east. The neighbourhoods are separated by Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue and encompassed within an area marked by Ciszewskiego Street, Warsaw Escarpment, Branickiego Street, Płaskowickiej Street, and Pileckiego Street. They consists of multifamily residential buildings, ranging from having between 4 and 16 storeys. It was designed to house around 35,700 people in around 10,200 apartments. Additionally, there were built 150 single-family detached houses. The neighbourhoods were constructed on the grounds previously belonging to Imielin and Wolica. They were developed by Capital City Association of Housing Construction (Polish: Stołeczny Związek Budownictwa Mieszkaniowego) and designed by A. Fabierkiewicz, P. Jankowski, E. Sander-Krysiak, and S. Stefanowicz.[86][163]

On 7 April 1995, there was opened the Imielin station of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground syststem. It is located at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue and Indiry Gandhi Street.[75][74]

Between 1995 and 2001, at 12 Dereniowa Street, was constructed the Catholic Church of Thomas the Apostle.[164] In 2001, at the site of former cemetery, begun the ongoing construction of the Catholic Church of Blessed Edmund Bojanowski at 12 Kokosowa Street.[165][166]

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System. One of them was Imielin, which included the neighbourhoods of Imielin, Na Skraju, and West Ursynów. In 2000, it was divided into two areas, separated by Pileckiego Street. Its western portion, which includgles West Ursynów, became Stary Imielin, and the esteren portion, that includes Imielin and Na Skraju, became Ursynów-Centrum.[167][168]

 
The Multikino Ursynów multiplex opened in 1999. Photography made in 2022.

In 1999, at 60 Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, was opened the Multikino Ursynów multiplex.[169] It was the second multiplex to be opened in Poland, and first in Warsaw, as well as the largest cinema in the city.[170][171]

Wyczulki


Between 1925 and 1939, the Society of Horse Breeding Promotion in Poland (Polish: Towarzystwo Zachęty do Hodowli Koni w Polsce) had constructed the Służewiec Horse Racing Track, located east of Wyczółki, at current 266 Puławska Street.[91][92][172] Upon its opening, it became the largest and the most modern horse racing venue in Europe.[173] The track included two circuits the main turf circuit with the length of 2,300 m, now located within the City Information System area of North Ursynów, and the smaller dirt circuit, with the length of 1950 m, now located within the area of Wyczółki.[58][91]

On 27 September 1938, Wyczółki was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[144][145] Larger portion of the current City Information System area of Wyczółki remained outside the boundaries of Warsaw until it was incorporated on 14 May 1951.[50]

During the German occupation of Poland in the Second World War, the race track served as an airstrip for the fighter aircraft. In July 1944, there were stationed between 600 and 800 soldiers.[174] On 1 August 1944, on the first day of the Warsaw Uprising, the airstrip had been attacked by the Polish resistance partisants from the Karpaty Battalion of the Baszta Regiment Group.[98][175] The attack was unsuccessful, with partisants experiencing heavy casualties. Later that day, in retaliation, the German forces had executed there captured partisans and a group of civilians rounded up in the nearby Służew.[98]

In 1951, Wyczółki, together with Służewiec and Zbarż, was designated to become part of the Industrial and Storage District of Służewiec (Polish: Dzielnica Przemysłowo-Składowa „Służewiec”), later known as Służewiec Przemysłowy (Industrial Służewiec), which consisted of the manufacturing industry buildings.[93][176][177] It was planned contain 60 factories and industrial plants in the area, as well as residential buildings for 26,000 people. The buildings were constructed in the large panel system technique, marking it as one of the first instances of such system being used in Poland.[93] Its construction begun in 1952.[178] By the early 1970s, in the industrial area worked around 20 000 people.[177] Among the corporations present in Wyczółki, the notable example includes the Służewiec Home Factory (Polish: Fabryka Domów „Służewiec”).[179]

In the 1990s, the industrial activity in the area went to a hold. As such, it had caused the appearance on the real estate market of huge and developed estates, located near the city centre and the Warsaw Chopin Airport. It had then contributed to the development of business industry in the area, and eventually leading to the creation of the biggest complex of office buildings in Poland, which also included northern Wyczółki.[180][181] Among new investigations in the area, there is the office building complex of Poleczki Business Park constructed between 2008 and 2010, at 35 Poleczki Street.[182]

On 27 June 1995, at Poloneza Street, was opened the Grabów Cemetery, operated by the nearby Catholic Church of St. Sophie Barat.[57]

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with North Ursynów becoming one of them. It mostly included the neighbourhoods of Jary and Stokłosy, as well as the main circuit of the Służewiec Horse Racing Track. In 2000, its boundaries were modified, with an area between Wyczółki Street, Puławska Street, Poleczki Street, and Galopu Street, being ceded to Grabów.[183][184]

In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with Wyczółki becoming one of them.[185][186]

21st century

edit
Grabow

In 2016, at 19 Poleczki Street was opened the Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, one of the largest high tech research facilities in Poland.[187][188]

Jeziorki


Between 2015 and 2023, at 568 Puławska Street was constructed the Polish Orthodox Church of St. Sophia of Holy Wisdom. It was the first Orthodox Church to be constructed in Warsaw, in over 100 years.[13][189]

Kabaty

Between 1998 and 2000, at 11 and 13 Przy Bażantarni Street, were constructed three postmodern multifamily residential buildings, forming the Przy SGGW Housing Association Neighbourhood.[190]

Between 2006 and 2017, at 25 Rybałtów Street was constructed the Catholic Church of St. Padre Pio.[13][14]

In 2017 were constructed Rosnowskiego Street and Korbońskiego Street, connecting Kabaty, and Ursynów at large, with Wilanów.[191]

Natolin


Between 2002 and 2004, in the area of 13 Stryjeńskich Street, was constructed a housing estate of VitaParc, consisting of five multifamily residential buildings.[192]

Throughout 2000s and 2010s, in the area were developed four urban parks. They were the Moczydełko Park opened in 2009, Birch Woods Park in 2010, Przy Bażantarni Park between 2008 and 2013, and Silent Unseen Park in 2016.[193][194][195][196]


North Ursynow


On 18 May 2000 was opened the John Paul II Park, located between Romera Street and Melodyjna Street. It was constructed between 1999 and 2000, and designed by Dorota Sikora.[197][198]

Stary Imielin


In 2006, at 14 Indiry Gandhi Street was opened the headquarters of the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine.[199] On 15 February 2021, at 99 Pileckiego Street, was opened the Southern Hospital.[200]

Stary Sluzew

In 2019, the Fort VIII was renovated, and turned into the Fort 8 shopping centre.[201] Next to it was opened privately owned recreational Eighth Park (Polish: Ósmy Park).[202] To the north, around Fort Służewiec Street were also constructed several multifamily residential buildings.[201]

Centrum

In 2007, at 122 Pileckiego Street was opened the Arena Ursynów indoor sports arena.[24][203]

In 2008, at 61 Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, was opened the Ursynów Civic Centre, which is the seat of government of the district of Ursynów.[24][204]

In 2009, at 15 Ciszewskiego Street, was opened the KEN Center shopping mall.[205][206]

In 2021 was begun the ongoing construction of the Polish Inventors Park, located at the crossing of Rosoła Street and Indiry Gandhi Street.[207]

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  183. ^ "Uchwałą Nr 563 Rady Gminy Warszawa-Ursynów z dnia 18 czerwca 1998 r. z późniejszymi zmianami z dnia 18 czerwca 1998 r. w sprawie wprowadzenia Miejskiego Systemu Informacji w Gminie Warszawa-Ursynów" (PDF). zdm.waw.pl (in Polish).
  184. ^ "Uchwała Nr 366 Zarządu Gminy Warszawa-Ursynów z dnia 9 lutego 2000 r. w sprawie uzupełnienia i skorygowania Miejskiego Systemu Informacji w Gminie Warszawa-Ursynów" (PDF). zdm.waw.pl (in Polish).
  185. ^ "Uchwałą Nr 563 Rady Gminy Warszawa-Ursynów z dnia 18 czerwca 1998 r. z późniejszymi zmianami z dnia 18 czerwca 1998 r. w sprawie wprowadzenia Miejskiego Systemu Informacji w Gminie Warszawa-Ursynów" (PDF). zdm.waw.pl (in Polish).
  186. ^ "Uchwała Nr 366 Zarządu Gminy Warszawa-Ursynów z dnia 9 lutego 2000 r. w sprawie uzupełnienia i skorygowania Miejskiego Systemu Informacji w Gminie Warszawa-Ursynów" (PDF). zdm.waw.pl (in Polish).
  187. ^ "Centrum Zaawansowanych Materiałów i Technologii (CEZAMAT)". cezamat.eu (in Polish). 14 March 2021.
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  190. ^ Cite error: The named reference asd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  191. ^ "Jest połączenie Wilanowa z Ursynowem. Jechaliśmy Rosnowskiego po otwarciu". tvnwarszawa.tvn24.pl (in Polish). 21 December 2017.
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  193. ^ "Kończymy budowę parku z oczkiem wodnym 'Moczydło 3'". archiwym.ursynow.pl (in Polish). 20 November 2009.
  194. ^ Marta Siesicka-Osiak (24 January 2018). "Lasek Brzozowy. Miał być park 'cudo', skończy się na tym co jest". haloursynow.pl (in Polish).
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  196. ^ "Uchwała nr XXVII/693/2016 Rady Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy z dnia 12 maja 2016 r. w sprawie utworzenia parku miejskiego na terenie Dzielnicy Ursynów m.st. Warszawy". edziennik.mazowieckie.pl (in Polish).
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  200. ^ "Szpital Południowy – jedna z największych inwestycji od lat – konferencja prasowa". um.warszawa.pl (in Polish). 9 February 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  201. ^ a b Michał Wojtczuk (13 September 2019). "Takiego miejsca do tej pory nie było w Warszawie, a może i w Polsce. Oto Forteca Konsumpcji". warszawa.wyborcza.pl (in Polish).
  202. ^ "Ósmy Park jest terenem prywatnym. Chcesz wejść? Musisz zapłacić. 'Decyzja została podyktowana kwestiami bezpieczeństwa'". warszawa.naszemiasto.pl (in Polish). 14 January 2020.
  203. ^ "Hala sportowa Arena Ursynów – Pileckiego 122". sport.um.warszawa.pl (in Polish).
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