User:Asarlaí/Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

Main article: List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
Related articles: English linguistic purism (Anglish), Plain English

This wordlist should be helpful for those who wish to write in Plain English or in Anglish. Words of Latin/Greek origin are on the left; their Germanic equivalents are on the right.

As well as common words, it also includes words that are dialectal, poetic, or slang; all of which can be found on Wiktionary.

Please note that some words are only equivalents in certain contexts.

A

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Abate = lessen/wane
• Abduct = kidnap
• Abet = help/spur/goad
• Abhor = hate/loathe
• Ability = skill/wherewithal/means
• Abjure = forgo
• Abnormal = odd/weird
• Abolish = nix/do away with/get rid of/fordo
• Abort = scrap/end/call off
• Abortive = misborn
• Abrasion = graze / scrape
• Abridge = foreshorten
• Abrupt = sudden/sharp
• Absence = leave/awayness/lack
• Absent = missing
• Absolute = full/outright/utter
• Absolutely = fully/wholly
• Absolve = free
• Absolve = forgive/let off
• Absolved = let off/cleared
• Absolution = forgiveness/let-off
• Absorb = overwhelm/blot
• Abstain = forgo
• Absurd = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
• Absurdity = craziness/goofiness/silliness/wackiness/madness
• Abundance (in) = aplenty [adjective]
• Abundant = teeming/swarming
• Abuse = harm
• Accelerate = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive/inliven/speed-up
• Access = at-get
• Accident = mishap
• Account [n] = telling/writ
• Account (give/gave an) = set forth
• Accouter = clothe
• Aconite = wolfsbane
• Action (a thing done; an act) = deed
• Acquaint = befriend
• Acquit = let off/clear
• Acquittal = let-off
• Across = athwart
• Act/action = deed/doing
• Activate = begin/start/trigger
• Activity = deed/undertaking/task/hobby
• Actuate = begin/start/trigger
• Acquire = get/gain/earn
• Actual = true
• Actually = in truth
• Acupuncture = pinpricking
• Acute = sharp
• Acute = keen
• Ad infinitum = forevermore
• Add = eke
• Additionally = furthermore/moreover
• Adept = skilled/skillful
• Adequate = enough/fit/befitting
• Adhere to = hold/cling/keep to/abide by
• Adherent = believer/follower
• Adjacent = near/next
• Adjust = tweak
• Administrate = handle/oversee
• Administration = handling/oversight/running
• Administrator = handler/overseer
• Admirable = good/great/fair
• Admonish = warn/chide
• Adolescence = teenhood
• Adolescent = teen
• Adorn = bedeck
• Advance [v] = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive/inliven/speed-up
• Advance, in = beforehand
• Advances = inroads
• Advantage = help/gain
• Advantageous = helpful/gainful
• Advent = coming
• Adventurous = dareful
• Adversary = foe / witherwin
• Adverse = harmful / hindersome
• Adversity = hardship
• Advise = steer/help/teach/rede (archaic)
• Advisory = steering
• Advocate [v] = bolster
• Aerodynamic = streamlined
• Affection = fondness
• Affinity = kinship/sibred
• Affix = fay/fasten
• Afflict = burden
• Affliction = burden/hardship/illness/plight/bane
• Affluence = wealth
• Age [n] = eld
• Age [v] = olden
• Aggressive = threatening/fightful
• Agile = nimble
• Agitate = unsettle / shake / stir
• Agony = throes
• Agriculture = farming
• Aid [v] = help/back/bolster/strengthen
• Aim [n] = goal
• Aim [v] = ettle
• Alert [n] = warning
• Alert [v] = warn
• Algor mortis = death-coldness
• Align = aline
• Alleviate = allay/lighten
• Allocate = earmark
• Allow = let
• Allowable = leveful
• Alopecia = hair loss / baldness
• Alter ego = other self
• Alternate [v] = switch
• Altruism = selflessness
• Altruistic = selfless
• Allurement = wile
• Alluring = bewitching
• Amass = gather
• Ambidextrous = either-handed
• Ambitious = driven
• Amicable = friendly
• Amorphous = shapeless
• Amphibious = waterborne
• Ancestor = forebear
• Anglicize = english
• Anglicization = englishing
• Animal = wight
• Animate [v] = liven
• Anno = (in the) year
• Annual = yearly
• Annul = nix
• Ante = before
• Ante bellum = before (the) war
• Antecedent = foregoing / earlier
• Antecedent = forebear / forefather
• Anticipate = foresee
• Anus = arsehole
• Anxiety = angst/worry
• Anxious = worried
• Anxious = eager
• Anyplace = anywhere
• Apart = asunder
• Apocalypse = doomsday
• Apparel [v] = clothe
• Apparent(ly) = seeming(ly)
• Appear = seem
• Appear = show/show-up
• Append = fay/fasten
• Appendage = outgrowth / limb
• Apprehension = foreboding
• Approach [v] = near
• Approaching = nearing/coming/forthcoming/upcoming/oncoming
• Appropriate = fitting/right
• Approximate(ly) = rough(ly)
• Aquatic = waterly
• Area = stead/spot/neighborhood
• Argue = bicker
• Argument = row
• Armageddon = doomsday
• Arrange = dight/set up/put together
• Array [v] = dight
• Arrogant = boastful / haughty / overweening
• Arson = firestarting
• Arsonist = firestarter
• Artful = wily
• Artifice [n] = wile
• Ascend = go up
• Ascent = upgoing
• Asphalt/bitumen = pitch
• Assault = onfall
• Assemble = gather
• Assess = weigh up
• Assessment = weighup
• Assist = help/back/bolster/strengthen
• Association [n] = guild/club/fellowship/brotherhood
• Assuage [v] = allay/soothe
• Assuaging = allaying/soothing
• Assume = take on
• Assured [adj] = sicker
• Asterisk = starmark
• Astonish = astound
• Astragalus = ankle bone
• Astral = starly
• Astute = wily
• Asylum = haven / shelter
• Atmosphere = mood
• Atmosphere = (the) welkin
• Atrophy = withering
• Attach = fay/fasten/yoke
• Attain = reach/gain
• Attempt [n] = bid/undertaking
• Attempt [v] = undertake
• Attention = heed
• Attentive = hearsome/reckful/heedful
• Attentiveness = hearsomeness/reckfulness
• Attire [n] = clothes
• Attire [v] = clothe
• Attitude = behavior/bearing
• Attractive = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Audience = listeners
• Aurora australis = Southern lights
• Aurora borealis = Northern lights
• Authentic = true / unfaked
• Author [n] = writer
• Authority = leadership
• Automatic = self-working
• Autumn = Fall
• Available = free/forthcoming
• Avalanche = snowslide/snowslip
• Average [adj] = middling

B

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Bailiff = sheriff
• Balance [equilibrium] = evenness
• Bandage [n+v] = swathe
• Baptize = christen
• Baptism = christening
• Bar [v] = ban/forbid
• Barbarian = heathen/wildman/outlander
• Barrel = keg/drum
• Bartender = barman/barmaid
• Base [n] = bottom
• Baseless = ungrounded/groundless
• Basic/basically
• Basis [n] = groundwork
• Batter [v] = beat
• Battle = clash/struggle
• Battleship = warship
• Bay = bight/inlet/cove
• Beauteous = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Beautiful = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Beauty = prettiness/loveliness/comeliness/handsomeness/eyesomeness/sheen
• Beef = cowflesh
• Belfry = belltower
• Believable = beliefful
• Beneficial = helpful
• Benefit = good/gain/help/worthwhile
• Benevolence = goodwill
• Benevolent = good/goodful
• Benign = harmless
• Besiege = beleager
• Betray = (be)swike
• Betrayal = swike
• Beverage = drink
• Biannual = twice-yearly
• Bicameral = two-roomed/two-halled
• Bicycle = two-wheeler
• Bilateral = two-sided
• Bipedal = two-legged
• Bird = fowl
• Bisect = halve
• Bizarre = weird/freakish/outlandish
• Blame [v] = guilt
• Blatant = glaring
• Blister = blain
• Blizzard = snowstorm
• Blond = flaxen
• Bludgeon [v] = club
• Benefit [n] = welfare/help
• Benefit [v] = behove
• Bogus = fake/wrong
• Boil [v] = seethe
• Bona fide = true / unfaked
• Border [n] = hem
• Border [v] = hem
• Boss [n] = overseer
• Boundary = bounds/threshold
• Bountiful = teeming/overflowing
• Bowel = gut
• Bracelet = armband/wristband
• Brave = daring/fearless/bold
• Brawl = fight
• Breakable = brittle
• Bribe = buy-off
• Brief [adj] = short/fleeting
• Brochure = booklet/leaflet/handout/flyer
• Brutal = harsh
• Brutality = harshness
• Buckle = clasp

C

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Cabbage = kale
• Cadaver = dead body
• Cadaverous = deathly/ghastly
• Cafeteria = lunchroom
• Calcaneus = heel bone
• Calculate = reckon / tally up / work out
• Callous = heartless/unfeeling
• Calm = still/rested
• Calmness = stillness/restfulness/roo
• Canal = waterway
• Cancel = fordo/undo/nix/call off
• Candidate/candidacy
• Candidiasis = thrush
• Canine = doglike / houndlike
• Canine tooth = eyetooth / dogtooth / fang
• Capability = (the) means/wherewithal
• Capacity = (the) means/wherewithal
• Capacity = room / holdth
• Capacious = roomy
• Cape [geography] = headland
• Capitulate = give in/yield
• Capsize = keel-over
• Capsule = boll
• Captivate = inthrall
• Capture = take/steal/swipe/nab/kidnap
• Cardialgia = heartburn
• Caress = stroke
• Cargo = freight
• Carnal = fleshly
• Carnivore = meateater
• Carpenter = wright
• Carry [v] = bear/ferry
• Cartridge = holder
• In case [conj] = lest
• Casing = shell
• Castigate = berate/chide/lambast/scold/upbraid
• Catch = snare/snag/latch/nab
• Cattle = cows/livestock
• Caucasian = White
• Caustic = burning
• Caustic (language) = bitter / scathing / sharp
• Caution [v] = warn
• Caution = wariness/reckfulness
• Cautious = wary/reckful
• Caught (get) = snag
• Cavalier = horseman, horse-rider, knight
• Cavalry = horsemen, horse-riders
• Cave = hollow/hole/cove
• Cavity = hollow/hole
• Cease = stop/halt
• Ceasefire = truce
• Celestial = heavenly
• Cemetery = graveyard / burial ground
• Cent = penny
• Central = midmost/middle-most
• Center = middle/nave/heart
• Century = hundredyear
• Certain = sicker/clear
• Certainly (in answer) = indeed
• Certainty = sickerness
• Cerumen = earwax
• Cessation = halt
• Chain = shackle/fetter
• Chair = seat
• Chalice = goblet
• Chalk = limestone
• Challenge = dare / ordeal
• Challenging
• Chamber = (bed)room
• Chamber (of a gun) = breech
• Change = switch/shift
• Changeable = fickle/skittish
• Charming = friendly/comely
• Chaos = craziness/mayhem/upheaval
• Charged [adj] = heated/fraught
• Charity = alms/selflessness
• Chastize = berate/chide/lambast/scold/upbraid
• Cheat [v] = swindle/(be)swike
• Cheater = swindler
• Cheer [n] = glee/happiness/merriness
• Cheer-up = gladden
• Chiefly = mostly
• Chime [v] = ring/toll
• Choice = choosing/picking
• Christianity = Christendom
• Chronicle = tale/ledger
• Chronologically = timewise
• Chronology = timeline
• Cinema = film-house
• Circa = about
• Circle = ring/trundle
• Circuit = umgang
• Circulate = broadcast/spread abroad
• Circumference = girth
• Circumspect = careful/watchful
• Civilize = tame
• Claim [v] = ask for/call for
• Claim [n]/reclaim/reclaiming/reclaimed/reclamation
• Clan = kindred/fellowship
• Clarify = clear-up
• Clarifying
• Clarification
• Classification = branding
• Classify [v] = brand
• Clearing [n] = glade
• Clerk = salesman/saleswoman
• Clinic = sickbay
• Close [v] = shut
• Close [adj] = near / narrow
• Coast = shore
• Coccyx = tailbone
• Cognizance = awareness/alertness
• Cognizant = aware/alert
• Collapse [n] = fall/downfall/topple
• Collapse [v] = fall/keel
• Collapsing = falling
• Colleague = workmate
• Collect [v] = gather
• Collector = gatherer
• Collide = crash / clash / hit
• Collision = crash / clash
• Color = hue
• Combat [v] = fight
• Combine = bind/fay/yoke
• Comfortable = restful
• Command(ment) [n] = hest/bidding
• Command [v] = behest/bid/lead
• Commence(ment) = begin(ning)/start(ing)/onset
• Commentary = input/feedback
• Commerce = business
• Commit = do/betake
• Committed [adj] = betaken
• Common = everyday/rife/shared/widespread
• Communicate/communication
• Communion = fellowship
• Companion = mate/friend
• Compare = liken
• Compartment/compartmental
• Compassion = ruth
• Compassionate = ruthful
• Compatriot = kinsman
• Compensation = geld
• Competent = up-to-it/worthy
• Complain = bemoan /gripe
• Complete = end/stop/halt/fulfill
• Completely = fully/outright/utterly/altogether
• Component = bit/deal
• Compose = dight
• Composite = meld(ed)/mix(ed)/mishmash
• Composition = makeup
• Comprehend = understand/fathom/grasp
• Comprehensive = thorough
• Compromise = trade-off
• Compunction = qualm/misgiving
• Compute = reckon
• Conceal = hide
• Concede = back down/back off
• Concept/conceptual/conceptualize
• Concern = care/worry
• Concerning [prep] = about
• Concerning = worrying
• Conclude [v] = end
• Conclusion = end / ending / endsay
• Conclusive = endly
• Condemn = berate/blast/chide/lambast/slam/upbraid
• Condescend = belittle
• Conduct = behavior
• Condition = fettle [“in fine fettle”]
• Conduct/conducting/conductible
• Confectionery = sweets
• Confer = bestow
• Conference = meeting
• Confess = own up/acknowledge
• Confession = acknowledging
• Confidential = dern
• Confide/confidence/confidentiality
• Configuration = setting
• Confine [v] = lock-in/trap/bind/fetter/hem
• Confined = bound/fettered/hemmed
• Confirmed [adj] = sicker
• Confirm/confirming/confirmation
• Confiscate = filch
• Conflagration = blaze
• Confound = addle/befuddle/bewilder
• Confront = come-at/take-on
• Confuse [v] = addle/befuddle/bewilder/mistake/muddle/ravel
• Confusion = muddling
• Conjoin = fay/link/yoke
• Connect = fay/link/yoke
• Conquer = overcome
• Consanguinity = same-bloodedness
• Conscious = aware
• Consciously = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
• Conscript [v] = draft/call-up
• Consecrate [v] = bless
• Consequence(s) = aftermath/outcome/fallout
• Consequent = following
• Consequently = hence/thereby
• Consider = reckon/heed/think about/bethink
• Consider = think of/look (up)on
• Console [v] = soothe
• Conspire = plot
• Conspiracy = plot
• Constant /constantly
• Constant = ongoing
• Construct [v] = build
• Consult/consultant/consultation/consultancy
• Consume = eat/drink/drain/intake
• Contact [v] = meet with/reach
• Contain = inhold
• Contaminate [v] = befoul
• Contemptuous = sneering
• Content [adj] = happy/glad
• Contention = strife/wrangling
• Contentious = strifeful
• Contents
• Contest [n] = match
• Context [n] = framework/light
• Contextual
• Contiguous = abutting
• Continual/continually
• Continue [v] = go on / keep (on) / wend
• Continuous = unbroken/ongoing
• Contort [v] = writhe
• Contract [n] = deal
• Contract [v] = narrow / (fore)shorten / shrink
• Contract (an illness) [v] = get
• Contradict = gainsay
• Contrary = gainwise/witherward(s)
• Contrastingly = otherwise
• Contribute [v] = offer/add/chip-in/weigh-in
• Contribution = offering/input
• Contrition = sorrow/guilt
• Control [n] = hold/clout
• Control [v] = hold/wield
• Controvert = gainsay
• Contumacious = froward
• Conundrum = riddle
• Convergence = overlap
• Conversation = chat/talk
• Converse = speak/talk
• Conversely = otherwise
• Convey [v] = bear/send
• Convince/convincing
• Co-operate = work together
• Co-operating = working together
• Co-operation = working together
• Cope [v] = deal
• Copse = thicket
• Cord = string/wire/rope
• Cordial = friendly/hearty
• Core [n] = heart/kernel/nub/pith
• Corner [n] = nook
• Corporal [adj] = bodily
• Corporate/corporation
• Corpus = body
• Correct [adj] = right/right-minded
• Correct [v] = righten
• Correcting = righting
• Correction = righting
• Correctly = rightly
• Correspond = match
• Corridor = hallway
• Corroborate = bear-out
• Corrupt = crooked/sleazy
• Contribute/contribution = offer/offering
• Correspond = match/fit
• Costume [n] = outfit/get-up
• Costume [v] = clothe
• Count [title] = Earl
• Count [v] = tally/rime
• Countenance [n] = leer
• Counterbalance [n] = offset
• Counter-current = eddy
• Counterfeit [adj] = dud
• Country [n] = land
• County [n] = shire
• Couple [n] = twosome
• Couple [v] = fay/link
• Courage = boldness/mettle
• Courageous = bold/daring/fearless
• Course (of liquid) [v] = flow
• Courteous = fair-spoken
• Covenant = oath
• Cover [n] = sheath/holster
• Cover [v] = overlay/clothe/hide
• Covert [adj] = hidden/stealthy
• Covet [v] = crave/want
• Covetous = greedy
• Covetousness = nithe
• Coward(ly) = dastard(ly)
• Co-worker = workmate
• Coxal bone = hip bone
• Cranium = skull
• Cravat = necktie
• Crease = wrinkle
• Create = make/craft
• Creative = craftful
• Creation = making/crafting
• Creation = handiwork
• Creature = wight
• Credible = beliefful
• Credit = acknowledgment
• Creed = belief
• Crepuscular = twilightish
• Crest = ridge
• Crime = misdeed/wrongdoing/lawbreaking
• Criminal = outlaw/lawbreaker
• Criticize = berate/chide/lambast/scold/upbraid
• Cruel = harsh/nasty/ruthless
• Cruelty = harshness/nastiness/ruthlessness
• Cry = weep/whine/wail/moan/yell/shout
• Cul-de-sac = dead end
• Culminate/culminating/culmination
• Cultivate = grow/farm/till
• Cultured = couth
• Culvert = ditch
• Cup [n] = mug
• Curb (restrain) [v] = bridle
• Cure [v] = heal
• Curtail = foreshorten
• Curve = bend
• Cuspid = eyetooth / dogtooth / fang
• Custom = wont/wone
• Custom (tradition) = folkway
• Customer = buyer
• Customize/customizable
• Cut [v] = carve/hack/hew/mow
• Cutaneous [adj] = skin
• Cygnet = swanling
• Cylindrical = rod-shaped

D

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Damage [n] = harm
• Damage [v] = harm/scathe/wreck/break
• Damaged = harmed/wrecked/broken
• Damaging = harmful
• Damn [v] = berate/blast/lambast/slam/upbraid
• Danger = threat
• Danger, in = under threat
• Dangerous = threatening/harmful
• Debase [v] = bemean/belittle/lower
• Data
• Daub = smear/besmear
• Dear = beloved/darling
• Debatable = moot
• Debut = beginning/coming-out/first showing
• Decade = ten years
• Decapitate = behead
• Decay = rot
• Deceased = dead
• Deceit = swike
• Deceitful/Deceptive = swikeful
• Deceive = mislead/(be)swike
• Decent = good/upstanding/fair/right-minded
• Deception = misleading/falsehood/hoodwinking
• Decide = choose/settle-on
• Deciduous (tree) = leaf-shedding
• Decision = choice
• Declare = utter/speak/speak-out/say/make known/quethe
• Decline = wane/lessen/shrink
• Decorate = deck/bedeck
• Decrease = wane/lessen/shrink
• Decrepit = timeworn
• Decry = blame/berate/blast/chide/lambast/slam/upbraid
• Dedicate [to dedicate oneself] = betake
• Dedicated [adj] = betaken
• Defame = besmirch
• Defeat [v] = overcome/overthrow/beat
• Defecate = shit
• Defective = weak/flawed/lacking
• Defectiveness = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
• Defiant = dareful
• Deficient = weak/lacking
• Deficiency = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall/dearth
• Deficit = shortfall
• Defile = befoul/sully
• Deform = misshape
• Defraud = swindle
• Defrost = thaw
• Defy = withstand/thwart
• Deify [v] = begod
• Deity = god
• Degrade = bemean/belittle/lower
• Delay [n] = holdup/lag
• Delay [v] = stall/forestall
• Delectable = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Delegate/delegation
• Delete = wipe/wipe out/strike/strike out/scrap
• Deleted = wiped/stricken/scrapped
• Deliberate [adj] = willful/knowing
• Deliberately = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
• Delight = gladness
• Delightful = thrilling/inthralling/lovely
• Delirious = bewildered
• Deliver/delivery/deliverance/deliverable
• Delude = mislead
• Deluge = flood
• Delusion = misbelief
• Demand = want
• Demean = bemean/belittle
• Dementia = madness
• Demi- = half-
• Demolish = tear down/wreck
• Demolition = tear-down/wrecking
• Demon = fiend
• Demonstrate [v] = show
• Denial [n] = naysay
• Denigrate = belittle
• Denigration = belittling
• Denounce = berate/blast/chide/lambast/slam/upbraid
• Denote = betoken
• Dense = thick
• Denude = unclothe/strip
• Deny = forswear/gainsay/naysay
• Depart = leave
• Departing = leaving / outbound
• Department/departmental
• Depict = show
• Depreciate = cheapen/lessen
• Depressed = glum/woeful/downhearted
• Depression = glumness/woefulness/downheartedness
• Deprivation = neediness
• Deprive = bereave
• Deprived = bereaved/bereft
• Deranged = crazed/mad/unhinged
• Derive = come from/spring from/stem from
• Dermis = skin
• Descend = come down/go down
• Descendent = offspring
• Descent = downcoming/downgoing
• Describe = set forth/speak of/tell of
• Desert [v] = forsake
• Deserving = worthy
• Design [v] = lay out/draft/outline/set out
• Design [n] = layout/draft/outline
• Designate [v] = choose/dub/name/mark
• Desire = crave/wish/will/yearn
• Desolate [adj] = lonely
• Despair [n] = hopelessness
• Desperate [adj] = hopeless/forlorn
• Despise = loathe
• Despite [prep] = notwithstanding
• Despoil = plunder/ransack
• Destitute = ruined/broken/lacking/bereft
• Destroy = smite/wreck/wipe out/nix
• Destroyed = smote/wrecked/wiped-out/nixed
• Destruction = smiting/wrecking/wiping-out
• Destructive = wrackful/wreckful
• Detach = unfasten
• Detective = sleuth
• Deteriorate = worsen
• Determine = settle/find
• Determination
• Detest = hate/loathe/scorn
• Detractor = naysayer
• Devastate = lay waste (p.t. laid waste)
• Develop [v] = grow/build/unfold
• Development = growth/up-building/unfolding/furthering
• Developmental = outgrowing/unfolding/furthering/readying
• Deviate = stray
• Device = tool
• Devious = underhand
• Devolve [v] = hand over
• Devote [v] = betake
• Devoted [adj] = betaken
• Devotee = follower
• Devour = eat/wolf [v]/fret (poetic, archaic)
• Dexterity = deftness
• Dexterous = deft
• Diabolic = devilish
• Diagonal = slanted/slanting/sloped/sloping
• Diarrhea = the skitters
• Dictionary = wordbook
• Different = unalike
• Differently = elsewise / otherwise
• Difficult = hard/burdensome
• Difficulty = hardship/burden/ordeal
• Dignity = worth/self-worth
• Dilate = widen / open
• Dilation = widening / opening
• Diligence = hard work
• Diligent = hardworking
• Diminish = lessen/wane/dwindle
• Diminished (of music) = lowered
• Diminutive [adj] = small/tiny/little
• Diocese = bishopric
• Direct [adj] = straightforward/forthright
• Direct [v] = lead/steer
• Director = steerer
• Direction [n] = way/warding
• Disable(d) = cripple(d)/stricken
• Disadvantage = drawback
• Disadvantaged = hindered
• Disappoint = balk/sadden/let down
• Disappointment = letdown
• Disastrous = baneful/dreadful/doomful
• Disbelief = unbelief
• Discard = scrap/ditch/nix
• Discharge [n] = seeping
• Discharge [v] = shoot / fire / unload / let out / let go / give out
• Disclose = bare/kithe
• Disconcerting = off-putting/upsetting
• Disconnect = cut off
• Disconnect = unfasten
• Discontinue = end/nix
• Discourse = talk/speech
• Discover = find//unearth/bring-to-light
• Discovery = finding
• Discredit = smirch/besmirch
• Discriminate = treat unjustly
• Disease = illness/sickness
• Disembark = alight
• Disfigure = mar/misshape
• Disgrace = shame
• Disgusting = foul/rank/ghastly
• Dishevel = tousle/rumple
• Disinclined = loath
• Dislike = mislike
• Dismiss = snub
• Dismount = alight
• Disobedient = stubborn/froward/wayward
• Disparage = blast/lambast/mock/scoff/slam/upbraid
• Disperse = scatter/spread/strew
• Displace = uproot
• Disposable = throwaway
• Dispute [v] = gainsay
• Disregard = overlook
• Disruption = upheaval
• Dissect = cut up
• Dissimilar = unalike
• Dissimilarity = unalikeness
• Dissolve (figuratively) = nix
• Dissolution = breakup
• Distance, a/the/this/that = span/stretch
• Distance = farness
• Distant = faraway
• Distinguish
• Distort = warp
• Distraught = woeful
• Distress = woe/harrow
• Distribute = deal out
• Distrust = mistrust
• Disturb = stir / unsettle
• Disturbance = stirring / unstillness
• Disturbed = unstill / unsettled
• Disturbing = unsettling
• Diurnal = daily
• Diverge = stray
• Diverse = manifold/sundry
• Diversion = offleading
• Divert = offlead
• Divide [n] = split/gap
• Divide [v] = split/sunder/cleave
• Divided = split/cloven
• Divine = godly/holy
• Division = splitting
• Divulge = kithe
• Domestic (politics) = homeland/inland
• Domestic = household
• Dominate = overweigh
• Donate = give/bestow
• Donation = gift
• Dormant = sleeping/slumbering/idle
• Dormitory = bedrooms
• Dorsal = back
• Double = twice/twin/twofold
• Doubt = misgiving/qualm
• Dozen = twelve
• Dozens = tens
• Dramatic = lively/startling/stirring/striking/thrilling
• Dramatist = playwright
• Dress [v] = clothe
• Dual = twin/twofold
• Dubious = untrustworthy/shifty
• Due to [adj] = owing to
• Dune = sand-hill
• Duplicate = twin
• During = throughout
• Duvet = bedspread
• Dynamic
• Dyslexia = word-blindness
• Dyslexic = word-blind

E

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Eager = keen
• Ease [v] = allay
• Ebony = black/blackwood
• Ebullition = outburst
• Eccentric [adj] = quirky
• Eccentricity = quirkiness
• Ecclesiastical = churchly
• Economize = cut back
• Ecstatic = blissful
• Edible = eatworthy
• Edifice = building
• Edify = inlighten/teach / build
• Edit [v] = bework
• Educate = teach
• Educated = learned
• Education = learning/teaching/schooling
• Educator = teacher
• Effort [n] = swink
• Egocentric = selfish
• Egotism = selfishness
• Egotistical = selfish
• Egregious = outstandingly/glaringly
• Eject = oust/throw out/send out
• Elastic/Elasticity = stretchy/stretchiness
• Elate = uplift
• Elation
• Elegant = trendy/swanky/dashing
• Elegance = trendiness/swankiness
• Elegant = trendy/swanky/dashing/pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Elevate = raise/hoist/uplift
• Elevation = height
• Elevator = lift/lifter
• Elongate = lengthen
• Eloquent = well-spoken
• Eloquence = well-spokenness
• Efficient/efficiency
• Elaborate/Elaborating/Elaboration
• Eliminate = cast-out/drop/scrap/banish/ax/nix
• Embarrass = faze/scunder
• Embrace = hug/grasp
• Embroidery = needlework
• Emerge = forthcome
• Emergence = forthcoming
• Eminence [geography] = hill/knoll/mound
• Emit = give out/send out
• Emotion = feeling
• Emotional [adj] = heartfelt
• Emphasis
• Emphasize = highlight/underscore
• Employ [v] = hire
• Employee = worker
• Employer = hirer
• Employment = work
• En mass = in bulk
• En route = on way
• Enamored = lovestruck
• Enchant = spellbind/bewitch
• Enchantment = spell
• Enchantress = witch
• Encircle = gird/begird/beset
• Enclose = shut in
• Enclosure [n] = pen/yard
• Encompass [v] = begird
• Encounter [v] = meet
• Encounter [n] = meeting
• Encourage = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive/liven/speed-up/strengthen
• Encumber = burden/hinder
• Encumbrance = burden/hindering
• Endeavor [v] = undertake/seek
• Endeavor [n] = undertaking
• Endorse/endorsement
• Endure = thole/undergo/withstand
• Enemy = foe
• Engaged [adj] = betrothed
• Engender [v] = birth
• Engrave [v] = ingrave
• Engraving [n] = ingraving
• Enhance/enhancing/enhancement
• Enigma = riddle
• Enjoy
• Enjoyment = fun
• Enlarge = biggen/grow/swell
• Enlargement = biggening
• Enlighten = inlighten
• Enormity = hugeness/greatness/size
• Enormous = huge/great/big
• Ensue = follow
• Enterprize = undertaking
• Enthuse/Enthusiasm/Enthusiastic
• Entire/Entirely = whole/wholly
• Entirety = whole/fullness
• Entity = thing/being
• Entourage = followers
• Entrance = way in/inway
• Entrap = betrap
• Entrepreneur/entrepreneurial
• Envelop = overspread
• Environment/environmental
• Envision = foresee
• Envy/Enviousness = nithe
• Ephemeral = fleeting
• Epic [n] = saga
• Epic [adj] = awesome
• Epicenter
• Epidemic parotitis = mumps
• Epilog = afterword
• Episode = bout/spell/stint
• Epithet = byname/nickname
• Equal [adj] = even
• Equal [n] = match
• Equality = evenness/fairness
• Equidistant [adj] = midway
• Equilibrium = evenness
• Equip [v] = gear-up/furnish/ready/fit
• Equipped = geared-up/furnished/ready/fitted
• Equipment = gear
• Equitable = fair
• Erase = rub out/wipe/wipe out/nix
• Eraser = rubber
• Erect [n] = upright
• Erect [v] = raise
• Ergo = thus/therefore
• Error = mistake/blunder/glitch
• Eructation = burping / belching
• Escape [v] = flee/get away
• Escape [n] = getaway
• Esophagus = weazand
• Especially = moreso/above all
• Essence = pith/gist/soul/nub
• Essential [adj] = key
• Essential = needed
• Essentially = mostly
• Establish [v] = build/begin/install/set up
• Established [adj] = longstanding
• Establishment [n] = body
• Estimate = guess/reckon/fathom
• Estuary = firth/inlet
• Et al = and others
• Et cetera (etc) = and so forth (asf), and so on
• Eternal = everlasting
• Eternally = forever
• Eternity = forever
• Ethical = right-minded
• Evade = dodge/sidestep
• Evaluate = check/rank/reckon
• Event = happening
• Eventually = in time
• Evocative = meaningful
• Evoke = awake/call forth/call up
• Evolution = unfolding/growth
• Evolve = unfold/grow
• Ex- = former/erstwhile
• Exaggerate = overplay
• Exaggeration
• Exalt = uplift
• Examine = delve
• Exasperate = embitter/irk
• Excavate = unearth/dig up/dig out
• Excavation(s) = unearthing / diggings
• Exceed = overshoot/overreach/overstep
• Exceedingly = outstandingly / overly
• Excellent = great/awesome/wonderful
• Exceptional = great/awesome/wonderful
• Exceptionally = outstandingly
• Except = but/other than
• Exception
• Exceptional = outstanding
• Excessive = overmuch
• Excessively = overly
• Exchange = trade/swap
• Excise [v] = cut out
• Excite = thrill
• Exciting = thrilling/stirring
• Excommunicate = amanse (dialectal or archaic)
• Excoriate = chide
• Excrete = shit/shite/crap
• Excrement = shit/shite/crap/stool
• Excursion = outing
• Excuse [v] = forgive
• Excuse [n]
• Execute = kill/slay
• Exhale = breathe out
• Exhaust [n] = tailpipe
• Exhaust [v] = overwork/wear out
• Exhausted = overworked/worn-out/tired/weary
• Exhibit [v] = show
• Exhibit/exhibition [n]
• Exhume = unearth/dig up
• Exile [v/n] = outlaw
• Exist = be
• Existence = being/beingness/hereness
• Exit [v] = leave
• Exit [n] = way out/outway
• Exonerated = let off/cleared
• Exoneration = let-off
• Exotic = outlandish
• Expand = grow/swell/broaden/build-up
• Expanse = spread
• Expect [v] = await
• Expediate = quicken/hasten/hurry/further/spur/drive/speed-up
• Expedition = outing
• Expend = spend/use
• Expensive = dear
• Experience [v] = undergo/undercome
• Expertise = skill/know-how
• Explode = blow up
• Explore = delve
• Explorer = pathfinder
• Expose [v] = kithe
• Exposed = bare
• Explosion = blast
• Exquisite = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Exsanguinate = bleed out
• Exsanguination = bleeding out
• Extant [adj] = still-living
• Extend = lengthen/outstretch/broaden
• Extension = lengthening/furthering
• Extensive = bounding/far-reaching/wide
• Extent = length/breadth/reach
• Exterior = outer/outside
• Exterminate = wipe out
• External = outer/outward
• Extinct = dead/lost
• Extinguish = douse/put out/dampen
• Extra = spare
• Extra time = overtime
• Extraordinary = amazing
• Extraterrestrial = unearthly
• Extreme = utmost
• Exultation = glee
• Exact/exactly
• Exceed/exceeding
• Exception/exceptional
• Excess/excessive
• Execute/execution
• Executive
• Expert/expertise
• Explain = unriddle/spell out
• Explaining/explanation
• Explore/exploring/exploration
• Express/expressing/expression

F

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Fable = tale
• Fabric = cloth
• Fabulous = amazing
• Face [n] = foreside
• Face [anatomy] = leer
• Facetious = witty
• Facilitate = help/hasten
• Facilitation
• Facility
• Facsimile = likeness
• Fact = true/truth
• Fade = dwindle/wane
• Faint [v] = swoon/black-out
• Fait accompli = done deed
• Faith [n] = belief
• Faith (to have) = believe/trust
• Faithful = steadfast
• False = untrue/untruth/fake
• Fame = stardom
• Family = kin/kindred/ilk
• Famine = hunger/starving
• Famished = hungry/starving
• Famous = well-known
• Fanatic = diehard
• Fancy [n] = liking
• Fancy [adj] = showy
• Fantastic = wonderful
• Farcical = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
• Farmer = bower/plowman/tiller
• Farming = tilling/husbandry
• Fascinate = spellbind/inthrall
• Fashion [n] = trend
• Fashion [v] = fangle
• Fashionable = trendy/swanky/dashing
• Fastidious = choosy/picky
• Fatal = deadly
• Fatality = death
• Fate = doom
• Fatigue = weariness
• Faucet = tap
• Faux-pas = mistake/blunder
• Favorite = best-liked
• Feasible = worthwhile/likely
• Feces = shit
• Fee = toll
• Feeble = weak
• Feminine = womanly
• Femininity = womanliness/womanhood
• Femur = thighbone
• Fend-off [v] = ward-off
• Feral = wild/untamed
• Ferocious = fiendish
• Fertile = thriving/loamy/batful
• Fervent = fevered
• Fester = rot
• Festive = merry/gleeful
• Fetid = smelly/stenchy
• Fiancée = betrothed/husband-to-be/wife-to-be
• Fibula = calfbone
• Fiction = make-believe
• Fidelity = trueness
• Figment = brainchild
• Figure-out = work-out
• File [v] = dight
• Filter = sieve
• Final = last/end
• Finally = at last/in the end/endly
• Final judgement, the = doomsday
• Fine = good/well
• Finish [v] = end/stop/halt/fulfill
• Finish [n] = ending
• Firearm = gun / weapon
• Firmament = sky/heavens/welkin
• Fissure = crack/split
• Flaccid = limp
• Flame = fire/blaze
• Flatulate = fart
• Flatulence = farting / wind
• Flavor = smatch/tang
• Flexible = bendy/limber
• Flinch = wince
• Flourish = bloom/blossom
• Flower = bloom/blossom
• Fluctuate = swing
• Focus [n] = sharpness
• Focus [v]
• Foolhardy = brash/heedless
• Footprint = footmark
• Forceps = tongs
• Foreign = fremt
• Foreigner = outlander/outsider
• Forest = wood/woodland/weald
• Form = shape
• Form [v] = shapen
• Fort(ress) = stronghold
• Fortitude = strength
• Fortune = luck/hap
• Fortunate = lucky/hapful
• Fortunately = luckily/hapfully
• Found [v] = begin/build
• Foundation = groundwork
• Foyer = lobby
• Fraction [n] = share/deal/bit
• Fractious = froward
• Fracture = break
• Fragile = brittle
• Fraternal = brotherly
• Fraternity = brotherhood
• Fraud = swindle
• Frequency (sound) = pitch
• Frequency [n] = oftenness
• Frequently = often
• Fringe = edge/rim
• Front = foreside
• Frontier = border
• Frugal = chary
• Frustrate = irk
• Frustrate = thwart
• Fugacious = fleeting/whilend
• Fugitive = runaway/outlaw
• Function [v] = work
• Functional [adj] = working
• Fundamental = key/underlying
• Fundamentalist = hardliner
• Furnace = oven
• Fuse [v] = fay/meld
• Fusion = faying/meld
• Futile = worthless
• Futility = worthlessness
• Future = hereafter
• Future = upcoming

G

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Gain = get/earn/win
• Gallery (art) = art hall
• Garden = greenyard
• Garland [n] = wreath
• Garments = clothes
• Garrulous = long-winded/wordy
• Generally = overall
• Generate = make/yield/birth
• Generic = unbranded
• Gentle = soft/mild
• Genuflect [v] = kneel/bow
• Genuine = true / unfaked
• Giant/Gigantic [adj] = big/huge
• Giant [n] = ettin
• Gingiva = gum(s)
• Global = worldwide
• Globe = Earth/world
• Globe = ball
• Glue [v] = stick
• Gluttony = overeating
• Godparent = godfather/godmother
• Gorgeous = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Govern = oversit
• Governance = oversit
• Gradual(ly) = slowly / bit by bit / little by little / step by step
• Grand [adj] = great/big/huge
• Grandfather/Grandmother = eldfather/eldmother
• Grant [v] = give/bestow
• Graphite = blacklead
• Grateful = thankful
• Gratification = gladness/queemliness
• Gratify = gladden/queem
• Gratifying = gladdening/queemly
• Gratuitous = unearned
• Gratuitous = uncalled-for
• Grief = pain/hardship/ruth
• Grieve = mourn
• Guaranteed [adj] = sicker
• Guide [v] = lead
• Gullet = throat

H

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Habit = wont/wone
• Habitation = abode/dwelling/home
• Harass = harry/bother
• Haunt [v] = linger/stalk
• Hemi- = half-
• Hen coop = henhouse
• Herbicide = weedkiller
• Herpes gladiatorum = scrumpox
• Herpes labialis = cold sores
• Hesitant = leery
• Hesitate = dither/waver/mammer/stammer
• Hesitation = dithering/wavering/mammering/stammering
• Hiatus = gap/break
• Hibernation = wintersleep
• Hideous = ugly
• Honest = truthful
• Honesty = truthfulness
• Honestly = truly / truth be told
• Honor [v] = hold/keep (to)
• Horde = throng
• Horizon = skyline
• Horizontal = flatwise
• Horrible/Horrific = awful/dreadful/fearful/frightful/ghastly/grim/grisly/scary
• Horrify = frighten/scare
• Horror = dread/fear/fright
• Hospital = sickhouse
• Hospitality = guestfriendliness
• Hostile = unfriendly/angry
• Hostility = unfriendliness/anger/wrath
• Hotel = guesthouse/inn
• Human [n] = man/earthling
• Human [adj] = manlike
• Humanity = mankind
• Humble [adj] = meek
• Humiliate = bemean/belittle
• Humility = mildness/tameness
• Humorous = funny
• Hyphen = dash

I

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Ichthyology = fishlore
• id est (i.e.) = that is (th.i.)
• Idea = thought
• Identical = selfsame
• Idiosyncrasy = quirk
• Ignite = fire/kindle/spark
• Ignorance = witlessness/dumbness
• Ignorant = witless/dumb/unlearned
• Ignore = overlook
• Ill-conceived = misbegotten
• Illegal = unlawful
• Illegalize = ban/outlaw
• Illegitimate = misbegotten
• Illuminate = light (up) / lighten / belight
• Illuminated = lit / lighted
• Illumination = (be)lightening
• Image = picture
• Image = likeness
• Imaginative = thoughtful
• Imagine = think of
• Imbibe = drink / eat
• Immature = childish/young
• Immediate
• Immediately = right now/forthwith
• Imminent = looming/near/nigh/incoming/oncoming
• Immoral = sinful/wrongful
• Immortal = undying/everlasting
• Impact [n] = blow/aftermath
• Impair = blight/hinder/undermine
• Impaired = hindered/undermined/flawed/weak
• Impale [v] = skewer/gride
• Impart = kithe
• Impartial = evenhanded/fair-minded/unswayed
• Impasse = deadlock
• Impede = hinder
• Imperfection = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
• Implement/implementing/implementation
• Implode = inburst
• Implore = beseech/beg
• Imply = hint / make out
• Impolite = cheeky/lewd/unseemly
• Importance = meaning/standing/weightiness
• Important = meaningful/key/weighty
• Impose = foist
• Impossible/impossibly/impossibility
• Imprint = mark/stamp
• Imprison = lock-up
• Improbable = unlikely
• Impromptu = offhand
• Improper = untoward/unseemly
• Improve = better/batten/bolster
• Improvement = bettering
• Improvised = makeshift
• Imprudence = boldness
• In addition to = withal
• In large quantity = heapmeal
• In motion = astir
• In progress = ongoing
• In spite of the fact that = although
• In total / in toto = in all / altogether
• In utero = in-womb
• Inane = mindless
• Inadvertence = oversight/carelessness/heedlessness/recklessness
• Inadequate = weak/lacking/not good enough
• Inadequacy = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
• Inanimate = still/lifeless
• Inappropriate = unfitting/wrong/unbecoming
• Inaudible = unheard
• In case = lest
• Incalculable = untold
• Incapable = unfit
• Inception = beginning/onset
• Incest = inbreeding
• Incident/incidence/incidental
• Incision = cut/slit
• Incisor = foretooth (pl. foreteeth)
• Incite = goad
• Inclination = leaning
• Incline = slope
• Inclined = minded
• Incompassionate = heartless/ruthless
• Incompetent = weak/unfit
• Incompetence = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
• Incomplete = underdone/unwhole
• Inconsiderate = careless/thoughtless
• Incorrect = untrue/wrong
• Increase = eke
• Increasingly = ever more
• Incredible = amazing/wonderful
• Incremental(ly) = slowly / bit by bit / little by little / step by step
• Indebted = beholden
• Indecent = unseemly
• Indecisive = wavering
• Indelicate = heavy-handed/stern
• Independent = free/standalone/selfstanding
• Indicate = betoken/show
• Indication = betokening/hint/clue
• Indisposed = unwell/unfit
• Individual = one/lone/self
• Individuality/Individualism = selfhood/selfdom
• Individually
• Indolent = lazy/idle
• Induce = bring on
• Industrial action = strike
• Industrious = hard-working / workful
• Inebriated = drunk
• Ineffable = unspeakable
• Ineffective = mightless
• Inexperienced = unfledged
• Infancy = childhood
• Infant = child
• Infatuated = besotted
• Infernal = fiendish/hellish/wicked
• Infertile = barren
• Infinite = endless/everlasting/never-ending/timeless
• Infinity = endlessness/timelessness/forever
• Infirmary = sickhouse
• Infirmed = sickly
• Inflict = wreak
• Influence = sway
• Influential = swayful
• Influx = inflow
• Inform = kithe/enlighten
• Informant = tout/snitch
• Information = knowledge
• Infrequent = few/scant/scanty/not often
• Infrequently = seldom
• Infuriate = anger/madden
• Infuse = inlay/input/inset
• Ingenuity = cleverness
• Ingest = eat/take in
• Ingestion = intake
• Inhabit = dwell/abide
• Inhabitance = dwelling/abode
• Inhabitant
• Inhale = breathe in
• Inherent = inbuilt / inborn
• Inherently = in itself / in and of itself
• Inherit = bequeath
• Initial [adj] = first
• Initiate = start/begin
• Injection = jab (informal)
• Injure = harm/hurt/scathe
• Injurious = harmful/scathful
• Injury = scathe
• Injustice = wrength
• Innocent = guiltless
• Innocence = guiltlessness
• Innominate bone = hip bone
• Innovate
• Innovative = groundbreaking/forward-looking/trend-setting
• Innovator = groundbreaker/trendsetter
• Inquire = ask
• Inquisitive = askful/pryful
• Insane = mad
• Insensitive = unfeeling
• Insert [v] = inset/input
• Inscribe = write
• Insect = bug
• Insecticide = bug-killer
• Insist = beckon/press/ask
• Insomnia = sleeplessness
• Install/installing/installation
• Instant/instance/instantly
• Instigate = begin/start/quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive
• Instigation = behest
• Intimidate = cow
• Intimidated = cowed
• Intimidation = cowing
• Institution = body
• Intrinsic = inbuilt / inborn
• Intrinsically = in itself / in and of itself
• Instruct = teach
• Instructing
• Instruction
• Instructor
• Instrument = tool
• Instrument, an = (a) means
• Insubordinate = froward
• Insult [n] = slur/scoff
• Insult [v] = scoff
• Insufficient = lacking
• Insufficiently = not fully
• Insufficiency = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
• Integrate/integral/integrating/integration
• Intellectual [adj] = high-minded/highbrow
• Intelligent = smart/clever/wise/learned
• Intend [v] = will/wish/mean/ettle
• Intent = ettle
• Intention = wish/ettle
• Intentionally = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
• Inter [v] = bury
• Intercept = waylay
• Interfere = pry/hinder
• Interior = inner/inside
• Intermediary = go-between
• Internal = inner/inly
• Internally = inly
• Interrupt = cut off
• Intervene = step in
• Intervention = stepin
• Intoxicate = drunken
• Intoxicated = drunk
• Intoxication = drunkenness
• Intractable = froward/wayward/stubborn
• Introduce = inlead
• Inundate = flood/overwhelm
• Invalidate = nix
• Invent = fangle
• Investigate = look into
• Investor = shareholder/stakeholder
• Invigorate = quicken/hasten/inliven/further/foster/spur/drive/bolster/strengthen
• Invite [v] = welcome/beckon/call on/ask
• Ipso facto = in itself / in and of itself / by itself
• Ire [n] = anger/wrath
• Irregularly = seldom
• Irregularity = flaw/glitch/oddity
• Irresponsible = careless/heedless/reckless
• Irritate = irk
• Irritating = irksome
• Isolation = loneliness

J

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Janitor = caretaker
• Jealousy/Jealousness = nithe
• Join [v] = fay/link/yoke (to join two things together)
• Joint = hinge
• Joke = gag
• Journal = logbook/daybook
• Journey [n+v] = trek/wayfare
• Jovial/Joyful = gleeful/happy/merry/mirthful
• Joy = bliss/glee/gladness/happiness/merriness/mirth
• Judge [v] = deem
• Jump = leap/leapt (past)
• Junior [adj] = young/younger/youth
• Justice = evenness/rightness/rightwiseness
• Juvenile [adj] = young/childish
• Juvenile [n] = youth/young

L

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Labor [v] = work/swink
• Labor [n] = work/swink
• Laborer = worker
• Laborious = hard work/worksome
• Labyrinth = maze
• Lacerate = cut
• Laceration = cut
• Lackadaisical = listless/lazy
• Lackluster = dim/dull/lifeless
• Lament [v] = mourn/moan/bemoan/wail
• Languish = dwindle/wane/wither
• Large = big/great/huge
• Largely = mostly/mainly
• Lascivious = lustful/lewd/wanton
• Launch [n] = setoff
• Launder [v] = wash/clean
• Laundry = washing
• Lease [v] = let
• Leash = lead/tether
• Legal = lawful
• Legalize = make lawful
• Legislator = lawmaker
• Legislature = lawmaking body
• Legitimate = lawful/rightful
• Legitimately = lawfully/rightfully
• Lethal = deadly
• Lethality = deadliness
• Lethargic = sluggish
• Lethargy = sluggishness
• Level [n] = tier
• Lexicon = wordstock
• Liable = likely
• Liberate [v] = free
• Liberation
• Liberty = freedom/free will
• Library = bookhouse
• Likeable = likeworthy
• Limit [n] = bound/threshold
• Limit(ed) = bound(ed)/cap(ped)
• Linear = straight/straightwise
• Literal
• Literally = truly, in truth
• Literary = written
• Literature = booklore/writing/written works
• Locale = stead/neighborhood
• Locality = stead/neighborhood
• Locate = find
• Location = stead
• Location [approx] = whereabouts
• Lodge [n] = inn/guesthouse
• Lounge = living room/sitting room
• Loyal = faithful/trothful (archaic)
• Ludicrous = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
• Luminous = beamful
• Lunacy = madness
• Lunar = moon-/moonly
• Lunatic = madman
• Luscious = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen

M

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Macabre = grisly/grim
• Magic = dwimmer
• Magic(art of) = dwimmercraft
• Magnitude = greatness/strength
• Maim [v] = cripple
• Maintain = uphold / keep
• Maintenance = upkeep
• Maladroit = clumsy
• Malefactor = wrongdoer
• Malevolence = ill-will/evil-will/evil
• Malevolent = ill-willed/evil
• Malfunction = glitch
• Malicious = ill-hearted/evil/wicked
• Malnourish = underfeed
• Malnourished = underfed
• Malnourishment = underfeeding
• Maltreat = mishandle
• Maltreatment = mishandling
• Mammary = breast/teat
• Manage = handle
• Manager = foreman/forewoman
• Management = handling/oversight/running
• Mandible / maxilla = jawbone
• Mania = madness
• Manner = way
• Manual [n] = handbook
• Manually = by hand
• Manufacture [v] = make/craft/yield/fangle
• Manure [animal] = dung
• Margin = hem
• Marina = wharf/dock
• Marriage = wedlock
• Marry = wed
• Marvel = wonder
• Marvelous = great/awesome/wonderful
• Masonry = stonework
• Mass [n] = bulk
• Masticate = chew
• Mastication = chewing
• Maternal = motherly
• Matrimony = wedlock
• Matter [n] = stuff
• Mature [adj] = grown/ripe
• Maximum = most/utmost/uttermost
• Mea culpa = my bad / my mistake
• Measure [v] = mete
• Mediator = go-between
• Mediocre = middling
• Medium [adj] = middling
• Megaphone = loudhailer
• Melancholy = gloom/sadness/sorrow/woe
• Melancholic = gloomy/sad/sorrowful/woeful
• Melee = fistfight
• Member [n] = belonger
• Membrane = film
• Mental [adj] = mindly
• Mentality = mindset
• Mention [v] = name/speak of
• Merchant = trader
• Merchandise = goods/wares
• Merciful = ruthful/kind/forgiving
• Mercury = quicksilver
• Mercy = ruth/kindness
• Merge = meld
• Message = boding/errand
• Mine [n] = delf
• Mine [v] = delve
• Mineral = ore
• Minimally = leastwise
• Minimize = lessen
• Minimum = least/at least
• Minor [n] = youngster
• Mirror [n] = looking-glass
• Misadjust = misset
• Misandrist = man-hater
• Miscalibrate = misset
• Miscellaneous = sundry
• Misdemeanor = wrongdoing
• Miserable = gloomy/glum/mirthless/mournful/sad/sorrowful/unhappy/woeful
• Misery = gloom/glumness/mirth/sadness/sorrow/unhappiness/woe
• Misfortune = bad luck/unluckiness/haplessness
• Mislabel = mistag
• Mismanage = mishandle
• Misogynist = woman-hater
• Misperceive = mis-see
• Misperception = mis-seeing/mis-sight
• Misphrase = misword
• Misplace = mislay/lose
• Mispronounce = missound/misspeak
• Misrepresent = belie
• Mission = undertaking
• Minimal/minimize/minimization
• Moderate [adj] = middling / light / mild
• Moderate [v] = oversee
• Moderately = middlingly
• Moist = damp/wet
• Molar = backtooth (pl. backteeth) / wangtooth (pl. wangteeth)
• Mold [v] = make/shape
• Moment [n] = (an) eyeblink [slang]
• Momentarily = shortly/soon
• Momentary = short/fleeting
• Monastery = minster/monkhouse
• Monasticism = monkhood
• Monitor [v] = watch/oversee
• Monumental = great
• Moral(istic) = right-minded
• Morbid = unhealthy/sickly/deathly
• Morgue = deadhouse
• Moribund = dying/deathbound
• Mortal [adj] = deadly
• Mortality = death
• Mortician = undertaker
• Mortify = frighten
• Mortuary = deadhouse
• Motionless = still
• Motivate = spur/drive/inliven
• Mound = hill/barrow
• Mount = hill/barrow
• Mountain = fell/berg
• Move = shift
• Movie = film
• Moving = shifting
• Moving up = forward [adj]
• Moving down = downward [adj]
• Multi- = many-
• Multiple = many
• Multitude [n] = crowd/throng
• Muscle = brawn/thew
• Muscular = brawny/thewy
• Muscular power = thew
• Mushroom = toadstool
• Musician = songsmith
• Mute = speechless
• Mutton = sheepflesh

N

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Narcotic [adj] = benumbing
• Nation = folk / land
• Navigate = steer
• Navigator = lodesman
• Neat = tidy
• Necessary = needful/needed
• Necessarily
• Necessitate
• Necessity = need
• Negation [n] = naysay
• Negate/Negative/negativity
• Negligence = recklessness
• Negligent = reckless
• Nerve [abstract noun] = boldness
• Nervous [adj] = jittery/jumpy/edgy/on edge
• Neutral = sideless/unsided
• Neutrality = sidelessness/unsidedness
• Nice = good/lovely/comely/fair
• Niche = nook
• Nocturnal = nightly
• Noisy = loud
• Nominate
• Nomination
• Non-existent = beingless
• Nonsense = balls/bollocks/bull/claptrap/cobblers/codswallop/crock/drivel/humbug/poppycock/twaddle
• Nonsensical = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
• Noon = midday
• Notice [v] = heed
• Notification
• Notify
• Novelty [n] = new-fangled
• Novice = beginner/newcomer
• Nude = naked
• Nudity = nakedness
• Nuisance = pest
• Nullify = nix
• Numerous = many/manifold
• Nursery = kindergarten
• Nurture = foster

O

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Obedience = hearsomeness
• Obedient = hearsome
• Obfuscate = becloud
• Obfuscation = beclouding
• Object [v] = gainstand
• Objection = gainstanding
• Objective [n] = goal
• Obligate
• Obligation
• Obliged = beholden
• Oblique = slanting / sideways
• Obscene = foul/lewd/smutty
• Obscenity
• Obscure [v] = befuddle/darken/overshadow
• Obscure [adj] = unclear
• Obscurity
• Observable = sightful
• Observant = watchful/mindful
• Observe = watch/see/behold
• Observe = hold/keep (to)
• Obsess = besot
• Obsessed = besotted
• Obstacle = hindrance/hurdle/block
• Obstinate = headstrong/mulish/stubborn/unbending/unyielding
• Obstruct = hinder/block/waylay
• Obstruction = hindrance/hurdle/block
• Obstructuve = hindersome
• Obtain = get
• Obtainable
• Obverse
• Obvious(ly) = clear(ly)
• Occasion = time
• Occasionally = sometimes
• Occident = west
• Occident(al) = west(ern)
• Occupy = besit (past tense = besat)
• Occupied = busy
• Occur = happen
• Occurring = happening
• Occurrence = happening
• Odor = smell
• Officer = sheriff
• Ointment = salve
• Old-fashioned = old-fangled
• Olfactory = smell
• Omen = forebode
• Ominous = foreboding
• Omit = drop/leave out
• Omnipotence = all-might
• Omnipotent = almighty
• Omniscient = all-knowing
• Operate [v] = work/run
• Opinion = belief/insight
• Opponent = foe
• Opportune = timely/well-timed
• Opportunism/Opportunist
• Opportunity
• Oppose = gainstand
• Opposition = gainstanding
• Opposite [adj] = fornent
• Opposite [adj] = witherward(s)
• Oppressed = downtrodden
• Oppression
• Opt = choose/pick/wale
• Option = wale
• Optimism = hopefulness
• Optimum = best
• Oral = spoken / unwritten / mouthly
• Order [n] = kilter
• Order (arrange) [v] = dight
• Order (command) [n] = behest
• Order (organization) = brotherhood/fellowship
• Orderly [adj] = smooth/shipshape/well-run
• Organize = dight/set up
• Orient(al) = east(ern)
• Orifice = hole/opening
• Origin = outspring
• Original [adj] = fresh
• Original [adj] = first
• Original [n] = firstling
• Ornament [v] = bedeck/bedizen
• Ornithology = birdlore
• Orphan = foundling
• Outmaneuver = outsmart/outwit
• Outperform = outdo/outshine
• Overemphasize = overplay
• Overpass = flyover

P

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Pacifier [n] = dummy-tit
• Pacify = allay
• Pain = ache/sore
• Pain (sharp) = twinge
• Palatable = good/lovely/comely/fair
• Palisade = stakewall
• Palm (of the hand) = loof
• Palpitate = throb
• Pamphlet = leaflet/flyer/flier
• Pantaloons = britches/breeches
• Paramour = lover
• Parasol = sunshade
• Pardon [v] = forgive/let off
• Pardon [n] = letoff
• Pardoned = let off
• Parenting = child-rearing
• Parenthesis = brackets
• Pariah = outcast/outsider
• Part [n] = bit/deal/share
• Part [v] = break/split/sunder
• Partial = unwhole
• Partially = unwholly
• Partner = mate
• Passage = gangway/throughfare
• Past [adj] = bygone
• Past [adj] = former
• Pasture = meadow
• Patella = kneecap
• Paternal = fatherly
• Patience = forbearing
• Patient [adj] = forbearing
• Pause = halt
• Paucity = dearth/lack/fewness/scantiness
• Pavement = footpath/sidewalk
• Payment = fee
• Peace = frith/roo
• Peacefulness = frith/roo
• Peal [v] = ring
• Peel = rind
• Peculiar = odd/quirky/weird
• Pelt [n] = [animal] hide
• Pelvic bone = hip bone
• Peninsula = half-island
• Penis/Phallus = pintle / cock/dick/knob/shaft [slang]
• Penultimate = forelast/next-to-last
• People = folk
• Perceive = see/understand
• Percent = hundredth
• Perception = seeing/understanding
• Percolate = leach
• Perfect [adj] = flawless
• Perhaps = maybe / mayhap(s)
• Period = while/timespan/spell
• Period = full stop
• Perish = forfare
• Perjure = forswear
• Perimeter = edge/border/rim
• Permanent = everlasting
• Permanence
• Permissible = leveful
• Permission = leave
• Permit [v] = let
• Pernicious = baleful/baneful
• Pernio/perniosis = chilblain
• Perpendicular = evendown
• Perpetual = unending
• Perpetually = ever/unendingly
• Perpetuity, in = forevermore
• Perplex = bewilder
• Perplexed = bewildered
• Persistence
• Persistent = dogged
• Personal [adj] = selfly
• Personality = selfhood
• Personnel = staff
• Perspective = outlook
• Persuade = overwin/wheedle
• Perturb = unsettle
• Perverse = lewd/untoward
• Pervert [n] = lewdster
• Pervert [v] = offset
• Pessimism = hopelessness
• Phantasm = ghost
• Phantom = ghost
• Pharynx = throat
• Picturesque = eyesome/pretty/lovely
• Piece = bit
• Pierce = stab
• Pigeon = dove
• Pile = heap
• Pillage = plunder/ransack
• Pimple = wheal
• Pinch [v] = nip
• Pine(tree) = fir
• Pioneer
• Pioneering = groundbreaking
• Pirate = freebooter
• Pivotal [adj] = key
• Place [v] = lay/put/stow/stell
• Place [n] = stead/stell
• Placidity = stillness/roo
• Plagued = fraught/bothered
• Plan [v] = plot/forethink
• Plan [n] = draft/layout/outline/forethought
• Planning = forethought
• Plat/plaid/plait (hair) = braid
• Platform = deck/staddle
• Please [v] = gladden
• Pleased = glad/happy
• Pleasing/Pleasant = gladdening/good/lovely/queemly
• Pleasure = gladness
• Pledge [n] = hight
• Pledge [v] = behight (p.t. behote)/swear
• Pledged [adj] = betaken
• Plentiful = rife
• Plenty = enough
• Plumage = feathers
• Plunge [v] = dunk/dive
• Pollute = befoul
• Pollution = befouling
• Poly- = many-
• Ponder = think
• Poor = needy/wantsome/unwealthy
• Popular = well-liked/widespread
• Popular = folkish
• Populate
• Population = folk/indwellers
• Pork = pig-flesh
• Port = harbor
• Portal = doorway/gateway
• Portend = forewarn
• Portion = share/deal/dole/lot
• Position [n] = stell/stead
• Position [v] = stell
• Possess = have / hold / own
• Possession = ownership
• Possibility = mightlihood
• Possible = mightly
• Possibly = maybe
• Posterior = rump/back(side)
• Postnatal = after-birth
• Postpartum = after-birth
• Postpone = put off
• Post- = after-
• Post script = afterthought
• Potential = likely
• Poultry = fowl
• Poverty = wantsomeness/wealthlessness
• Power [v] = drive
• Power = might/strength
• Powerful = mighty/strong
• Practically = nearly
• Practice [n] = wont/wone
• Pre- = before- / fore-
• Preamble = foreword
• Precede = forego
• Preceding = foregoing
• Precipitate = quicken/hasten/further/spur/drive/speed-up
• Precipitous = hasty/sudden
• Precious = dearworth
• Precognition = foreknowledge
• Precursor = forerunner/forebear
• Predecessor = forerunner/forebear
• Predetermination = foredeeming
• Predetermine = foredeem
• Predetermined = foredeemed
• Predicament = quagmire
• Predict = foretell/forecast
• Prediction = foretelling
• Predominant = overweighing
• Pre-eminent = foremost
• Prefabricated = ready-made
• Preface = foreword
• Prefer = forechoose
• Preference = forechoosing/forechoice
• Preferred = forechose
• Prefigure = foreshadow
• Pregnant = with-child
• Prejudice = foredeeming
• Prejudicial = foredeeming
• Prejudge = foredeem
• Prelude = lead-up/lead-in
• Premature = oversoon
• Premeditate = forethink
• Premeditated = forethought
• Premier = foremost
• Premises [n] = toft
• Premonition = foreboding
• Preparation = readiness
• Prepare = ready
• Preparing = readying
• Preposterous = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
• Prepuce = foreskin
• Prescience = foreknowledge/foresight
• Prescient = foreknowing/foresighted/farsighted
• Presence = hereness
• Present [n] = gift
• Present [v] = show/give/bestow
• Presently = now / shortly
• Preserve [v] = keep/uphold
• Preside = oversee/oversit
• Pretend [v] = make out
• Prevalent = rife
• Prevent = forestall/stop
• Preview = forelook/foreshow
• Previous = former/foregoing
• Primary = first/foremost/main
• Primarily = mostly/mainly
• Principal [adj] = first/foremost/main
• Principally = mostly/mainly
• Principled = right-minded
• Prior to = before
• Pristine = spotless
• Privacy = dern
• Private [adj] = dern
• Probability = likelihood
• Probable = likely
• Probably = likely
• Problem = hitch/snag
• Problematic = hindersome
• Proceed = go on/go forth
• Proceed [v] = go
• Procreate = breed
• Prodigy = wonder/wonderchild
• Produce [v] = bring forth/make/yield/birth
• Product [n] = ware
• Production = output/yield
• Profit
• Profitable = gainful
• Proficiency = skill
• Proficient = skilled
• Profound = deep
• Progress, in = ongoing
• Progress [n] = headway/forwardness
• Progress [v] = quicken/hasten/further/spur/drive/speed-up
• Progressive = forward-looking
• Prohibit = forbid/ban
• Project = undertaking/work
• Projection = forecast/outlook
• Projector = beamer
• Promise [n] = hight
• Promise [v] = behight (p.t. behote)/swear
• Pronounce = utter
• Pronouncement = uttering
• Prop [v] = stell
• Propose = put forth
• Propel = drive/thrust
• Proper = fitting/seemly/right
• Property = owndom/belongings/holdings
• Prophesy = foresight/foretelling
• Prophet = soothsayer
• Propulsion = thrust
• Proscribe [v] = forbid/ban
• Prosper = batten
• Prosperity = wealthiness
• Prosperous = wealful/wealthful
• Prostitute = whore, trollop
• Prostitution = whoredom
• Proverb = saying
• Provide = give/furnish
• Provocation = costning
• Provoke = costen
• Proximity = nearness
• Pugnacious = fightful
• Pulsate = throb
• Pulse = heartbeat
• Pup = whelp
• Purchase = buy
• Pure = clean/sheer
• Purge = cleanse
• Purify = cleanse
• Purloin = steal
• Purpose = sake
• Purposely/Purposefully = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
• Push = shove/thrust
• Push (i.e. a button) = thrutch
• Putrefaction = rotting
• Putrefy = rot
• Pyrosis = heartburn

Q

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Quadruple = fourfold
• Quadruped = four-footed
• Quarrelsome = strifeful
• Quarter [n] = fourth
• Quash = nix
• Quay = wharf/dock
• Question [v] = frain, befrain
• Question [n] = frain
• Questioning = fraining
• Questionable = iffy/shady/qualmish
• Quiet [adj] = hushed/still
• Quietness = stillness/roo
• Quieten = hush
• Quintessence = pith/gist/soul
• Quit = forsake/give up/end
• Quite = fairly/rather/somewhat
• Quotidian = daily

R

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Radiant = bright/beaming/beamful/glowing/shiny
• Radiate [v] = beam/glow/shine
• Radiate [v] = spread
• Rage = anger/wrath
• Range = reach/stretch
• Rancid = foul/rank
• Rapid = fast/quick/swift
• Rare = seld
• Rarely = seldom
• Rarity
• Ravage = lay waste (p.t. laid waste)
• Ravine = dell/gill
• Ravishing = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Ray [n] = beam
• Realize = cop on
• Rear [adj] = back/hind
• Reasonable = right-minded
• Rebel [v] = rise up
• Rebellion = uprising
• Rebuke = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
• Recede = ebb
• Receive/receivable/recipient
• Recent
• Recently = lately
• Recognize [v] = ken (mainly dialectal)
• Recognizing/recognition/recognizable
• Reconsider = afterthink/think again
• Reconsideration = afterthought
• Recover = comeback/heal
• Recovery = comeback/healing
• Rectify = righten
• Recurrence = comeback/flashback
• Reduce [v] = lower/lessen/shorten
• Reflect [v] = afterthink/think back
• Reflection = afterthought
• Refrain [v] = forbear/forgo/stop
• Refrigerate = chill/cool
• Refrigerator = chiller/cooler
• Refine = hone
• Refined = couth
• Refuge = haven
• Refugee = haven-seeker
• Refuse [n] = trash/waste/chaff/drek
• Refuse [v] = shun/forsake
• Refusal = naysay
• Refute = gainsay
• Refutation = gainsaying
• Regarding = about
• Register/Registration
• Regret = rue/ruth
• Reinforce = strengthen/bolster/uphold/back up
• Reinforcement(s) = backup
• Reject [v] = shun/forsake
• Relapse = backslide
• Relations = dealings
• Relations (family) = kin
• Relationship = sibred
• Relatively = somewhat
• Relax = rest
• Relaxation = rest
• Relaxed = rested
• Relaxed = smooth/loose/mellow
• Release [v] = let go
• Rely
• Reliability = trustworthiness
• Reliable = trustworthy
• Relief = help
• Relieve = help
• Relieve = allay/soothe/unburden
• Relinquish = give up/forsake/yield
• Reluctancy = unwillingness
• Reluctant = unwilling
• Remain = stay/linger/belive (past tense: belove)
• Remainder = (the) rest
• Remember = mind / bethink
• Reminisce = think back
• Remnant = leftover
• Remorse = agenbite
• Remote [adj] = outlying
• Removed = stricken
• Render [v] = make
• Render null-and-void = nix
• Renew = anew
• Renounce = shun/forsake/forswear
• Repair [v] = righten
• Repeating [adj] = rotelike
• Repel [v] = ward-off
• Repetition = rote
• Repetitious = rotelike
• Repetitive = rotelike
• Repetitively = rotely
• Repercussion = aftermath/blowback/kickback
• Reply = answer
• Rapid = fast/quick/swift
• Replace = stand in
• Replacement = stand-in
• Replenish = refill
• Repose [n] = rest
• Reprehend = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
• Represent = stand-for/speak-for/outline/betoken
• Reproach [n] = shame
• Reproach [v] = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
• Reprobate = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
• Reprobate = shun/forsake/doom
• Reprove = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
• Repudiate = shun/forsake
• Request [n] = ask/bidding/behest
• Request [v] = ask for/bid
• Require = need
• Required = needed
• Required [obliged] = beholden
• Requirement = need/must
• Requisite = needed
• Resemblance = likeness
• Resemble
• Resent
• Resentment = bitterness/ill-feeling
• Reservation = misgiving
• Reservation = booking
• Reserve [v] = book
• Reserve [adj] = spare
• Reside = abide/dwell
• Residence = abode/dwelling/home
• Resident = abider/dweller
• Resign = step down/stand down
• Resignation = stepdown/standdown
• Resist = withstand
• Resolute = steadfast
• Respect [v] = hold/keep to / abide by
• Resplendent = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
• Respond/response = answer/comeback/feedback
• Responsible = trustworthy/upstanding
• Responsible = guilty
• Reserve/reserving/reserved/reservation = withhold/withholding/withheld/
• Reservation = booking
• Resign = step down
• Resignation = stepdown
• Restrain(t) = fetter
• Restrict = fetter
• Result = outcome
• Retain = keep
• Retaliate = hit back/strike back
• Reticulate = netlike
• Retort = answer/comeback
• Retract = withdraw/take back/unsay/unspeak
• Retraction = withdrawal
• Retreat = withdraw/back off/back down
• Return [v] = come back
• Return [n] = comeback
• Reveal = show/kithe
• Revel
• Revelry = merrymaking
• Revere = worship
• Revolution = overthrow(ing)
• Revolve = spin/swivel
• Ridicule [v] = bemean/belittle/mock/scoff
• Ridiculous = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
• Rigid = stiff
• Rigidity = stiffness
• Rigor mortis = death-stiffness
• Rigorous = thorough
• River = ea
• Rivulet = brook/stream
• Robust = hardy/stout/strong
• Rock = stone
• Rotate = spin
• Route = way
• Routine [n] = rote
• Ruin = wreck/blight
• Ruinous = wrackful/wreckful
• Rumor = hearsay

S

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Sacred = holy / blessed
• Sacrifice = offering
• Salary = wage
• Salutation = greeting
• Sanctify = bless
• Sanctuary = haven / shelter / frith
• Sans = without
• Sapience = awareness
• Sapient = aware
• Satchel = knapsack
• Satiate = sate
• Satisfactory = good/lovely/fair/fulfilling/queemly
• Satisfy = sate/gladden/queem
• Satisfy = fulfill
• Satisfying = good/lovely/fair/fulfilling/queemly
• Saturate = soak/drench
• Save [v] = spare
• Scale [v] = climb
• Scapula = shoulderblade
• Scarce = scant
• Scarcely = barely/scantily
• Scarcity = lack/dearth
• Scheme [n] = undertaking/work
• Search [v] = seek
• Season = yeartide
• Secede = break away
• Second [adj] = twoth
• Secrecy = dern
• Secret [adj] = dern
• Secret [n] = dern
• Secrete = seep/ooze
• Secure [v] = fasten
• Secure [v] = guard
• Secure [adj] = guarded / harmfree
• Security = frith
• Segregate = sunder
• Segregated = sundered
• Segregation = asunderness
• Seismic = earthshaking / shocking / great
• Seismic shift = great shift / upheaval
• Seizure = fit
• Select = choose/pick/wale
• Selection = choosing/picking/wale/waling
• Self-esteem = self-worth
• Semi- = half-
• Semitone = half step
• Senior citizens = elderly
• Sensation/Sentiment = feeling
• Sensational = amazing
• Sense [v] = feel
• Sensitive = feeling
• Sensitive = touchy
• Sentence [v] = doom
• Separate [v] = sunder/split/break up/break apart
• Separate [adj] = sundered/sundry
• Separation = asunderness
• Sequel = follow-on/follow-up
• Serene = still
• Serenity = stillness/roo
• Serious = stern/earnest
• Seriously = sternly/earnestly
• Serpent = snake
• Severe = bad/harsh/stark
• Severely = badly/harshly
• Severity = harshness
• Sign [n] = token
• Signify = betoken/mean
• Silence [n] = stillness/hush/shtumness
• Silence [v] = hush
• Silent = still/hushed/shtum
• Similar = alike/kindred/matching
• Similarity = alikeness/sameness
• Similarly = likewise
• Simple = straightforward
• Simplicity = straightforwardness
• Sincere = true / truthful / trustworthy / unfaked
• Sinister = ill-boding/evil
• Site [n] = stead
• Site [v] = stow/put
• Size [n] = bigness
• Slave = thrall
• Slavery = thralldom
• Slice [v] = snithe
• Solar [adj] = sunly
• Sole [adj] = only/lone
• Solitary = lone(some)
• Solitude = aloneness
• Solution = answer
• Solve = unriddle
• Someplace = somewhere
• Somnolence = sleepiness/drowsiness
• Somnolent = sleepy/drowsy
• Sophisticated = couth
• Sophistication = couthness
• Sorority = sisterhood
• Sort [n] = kind
• Sort of = somewhat
• Souvenir = keepsake
• Spacious = roomy
• Spaciousness = roomth
• Spasm = crick
• Specify = spell out
• Spectacles = glasses
• Spectacular = amazing/breathtaking/stunning/thrilling
• Spectator = onlooker
• Sperm = seed / spunk [slang]
• Sphere = ball
• Spherical = ball-shaped
• Spillage = spilth
• Spine = backbone
• Spiral [n] = whorl
• Spirit = ghost/soul/gist/pith
• Spleen = milt
• Splendid = great/awesome/wonderful
• Splendour = greatness/awsomeness/wonder
• Spoil [v] = mar
• Spoil [v] = (molly)coddle
• Sporadic = scattered/fitful
• Sporadically = fitfully/seldom
• State [v] = say
• State [n] = fettle [“in fine fettle”]
• Station [n] = stell
• Sternum = breastbone
• Stimulate = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/inliven
• Stomach = belly/maw
• Store [v] = stow
• Store [n] = shop/warehouse
• Story = tale
• Strange = odd/weird
• Strangle = choke
• Strangulation = choking
• Strict = stern
• Strict(ly) = narrow(ly)
• Structure = framework
• Stupefy = bewilder
• Stupid = brainless/dumb/witless
• Stylish = trendy/swanky/dapper/dashing
• Subdue = quell / cow
• Subdued = quelled / cowed
• Sublime = awesome
• Submarine [adj] = undersea / underwater
• Submarine [n] = U-boat (undersea-boat)
• Subordinate [n] = underling
• Sublime = great/awesome/wonderful
• Submit [v] = yield/undercome
• Subsequent = following/later
• Subterranean = underground
• Subtract [v] = dock
• Successful = wealful/wealthful
• Successor = aftercomer
• Suffer = bear/thole/undergo
• Suffering = plight
• Suffice = be enough
• Sufficient(ly) = enough(ly)
• Suffocate = smother
• Suit [v] = fit/befit
• Suitable = fitting
• Sulfur = brimstone
• Summary = outline/rundown
• Summarize = outline
• Summit = peak
• Superb = great/awesome/wonderful
• Superfluous = overmuch/unneeded
• Superior [adj] = better/higher
• Superior [n] = overling/higher
• Superiority = betterness/betterhood/higherness
• Supervision = handling/oversight/running
• Supervise = oversee
• Supervisor = overseer
• Supple = lithe
• Supply [v] = give/furnish
• Support [v] = help/uphold/back/bolster/bear-up/shore-up/underbear
• Support [n] =help/backup
• Suppose [v] = guess/reckon
• Suppress = quell
• Suppress (a button) = thrutch
• Supreme = highest/uppermost/utmost
• Sure [adj] = sicker
• Surface [n] = topside/outside
• Surname = lastname
• Surpass = overreach/overtake/outdo
• Surprizing = ferly
• Surrender = forsake/yield/give in/give up
• Surround = gird/begird/beset
• Surrounded by = amid/amidst
• Survive = live / outlive / outlast / overlive
• Suspend = end/break off
• Suspend = hang/dangle
• Suspicion = misgiving
• Suspicious/Suspect [adj] = shady/untoward
• Sustain = withstand/uphold
• Symbol = token
• Symbolize = betoken
• Synchronize = match
• Synchronizing = matching
• Synopsis = outline
• Synthetic = manmade
• System = framework

T

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Table [n] = board
• Tactic/tactical
• Talkative = chatty
• Talon = claw
• Talus bone = ankle bone
• Target [n] = mark / goal
• Taste = smatch
• Tavern = alehouse
• Technique = craft/way
• Tedious = boring/tiresome/dull
• Teenage(r) = teen
• Telepathy = mindreading
• Tempest = storm
• Tempestuous = stormy
• Temporal = timewise
• Temporal = worldly
• Temporary [adj] = whilend
• Tenacious = dogged/unyielding/steadfast
• Tenacity = doggedness/unyieldingness
• Tendon = sinew
• Tepid = lukewarm
• Terminate = end/nix
• Termination = ending/nixing
• Terra firma = dry land
• Terrain = land
• Terrible = awful/ghastly
• Terribly = awfully / so / such
• Terrify = frighten/scare/spook
• Terror = fright/fear/dread
• Testicle = bollock
• Tetanus = lockjaw
• The remainder = the lave
• The rest = the lave
• Tibia = shinbone
• Timid = shy
• Toast [v] = wassail
• Toil [n] = swink
• Toil [v] = swink
• Toilet = restroom
• Tolerate = bear/thole/withstand/stand for
• Toleration
• Torment = (w)rack
• Tornado = whirlwind
• Total [adj] = full/utter/whole/wholesale
• Totality = whole
• Totally = fully/utterly/wholly
• Trachea = windpipe
• Tradition (culture) = folkway
• Trajectory = flight path
• Tranquil = still
• Tranquility = stillness/roo
• Transaction
• Transfigure = shapeshift
• Transfiguration = shapeshifting
• Transform = forshape
• Transgress = misdo
• Transgression = misdoing
• Transient = whilend
• Transition/transitioning/transitional
• Transitory = whilend
• Transmit (non-medical) = broadcast
• Transmission (non-medical) = broadcast
• Transpire = happen
• Transport [v] = ferry
• Transport(ation) [n]
• Travel [n+v] = trek/wayfare
• Treacherous = swikeful
• Treachery = swike
• Treat [v] = handle
• Treatise = drawth
• Tremble = quake/quiver/shudder
• Tremor = quake/quiver/shudder
• Tricycle = three-wheeler
• Trinity = threeness
• Tripartite = threefold
• Triple = threefold
• Triplet = threeling
• Truncheon = club/cudgel/nightstick
• Tuition = teaching
• Tumor = misgrowth
• Tumulus = burial mound / grave mound / barrow
• Tutor = teacher
• Type = kind/brand/strain

U

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Ubiquitous = everywhere-at-once
• Ulna = elbow bone
• Ultimately = lastly/in the end
• Umbrella = rainshade
• Unambitious = driveless
• Unanimous/unanimously/unanimity
• Unarmed = unweaponed
• Unbelievable = beliefless
• Uncautious = reckless
• Uncelebrated = unsung
• Uncertain = iffy
• Uncertainly = iffiness
• Uncompromising = unyielding / hardline
• Unconscious = unwitting/unaware/unknowing
• Unconstrained = unbridled
• Uncovered = bare
• Undermine = threaten
• Undisciplined = froward
• Undress = unclothe/strip
• Uneasy = restless
• Unedifying = unwholesome
• Uneducated = unlearned
• Unemployed = jobless
• Unexpected = unforeseen/ferly
• Unfavorable = unwanted
• Unfortunate = unlucky/hapless
• Ungenerous = chary
• Uniformity = evenness
• Unilluminated = unlit
• Uninhabited = undwelt
• Unintelligent = brainless
• Unique = one-of-a-kind
• Unite [v] = fay/link/yoke
• Unity = oneness/togetherness
• Unlimited = unbounded
• Unmaintained = unkempt
• Unmanageable = unwieldy/froward
• Unnecessary = unneeded/needless
• Unnerve = unsettle
• Unpleasant = bad/foul
• Unpleased = unhappy
• Unreservedly = wholeheartedly
• Unrestrained = unbridled
• Unrevealed = untold/hidden
• Unpromising [adj] = bleak
• Unsatisfactory = poor/unworthy/not good enough
• Unsociable = standoffish / unfriendly
• Unsuitable = unfitting
• Unsuited = unfit
• Unsympathetic = unfeeling
• Unusual = odd/weird/outlandish
• Urge = beckon/ask
• Urine = lant
• Urticaria = hives / nettle-rash
• Use [v] = brook/wield/work
• Usual [adj] = wonted
• Usually = often/everyday
• Ut dicitur = as above
• Ut infra = as below
• Ut supra = as above
• Utensil = tool
• Uterus = womb

V

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Vacancy = opening
• Vacant = open / empty / free
• Vacate = leave/empty
• Vacation = holiday
• Vague = rough/hazy/sketchy
• Valet = steward
• Valiant = bold/daring/fearless
• Valid = sound
• Valley = dale
• Valuable - worthy
• Value = worth
• Variety = sundriness
• Various = sundry
• Vary = waver
• Varying = wavering
• Vast = great/endless
• Vendor = seller/dealer
• Veracious = truthful
• Verbal = spoken
• Verbatim = word for word
• Verbosity = wordiness
• Verge = brink
• Verily = truly
• Vernal = springtime
• Versus = against
• Vertebral column = backbone
• Veruca = foot wart
• Veto [v] = nix
• Via = through/by-way-of
• Vicinity = neighborhood
• Victory = win
• View [noun] = sight/insight/outlook
• View [verb] = see/look at
• Vigilance = wariness/watchfulness
• Vigilant = wary/watchful
• Vigorous = lively
• Vigor = liveliness
• Village = thorp
• Violate/violation = breach
• Virtually = almost/nearly/seemingly
• Virtue = goodness
• Vision - sight
• Visitor = guest
• Vocal [adj] = loud/outspoken
• Vociferous = outspoken
• Voice = steven (dialectal)
• Void = emptiness/nothingness
• Volition = will / choosing
• Volume [sound] = loudness
• Voluntary = willing
• Vomit = puke/retch
• Vow [n] = hight
• Vow [v] = behight (p.t. behote)/swear
• Voyage [n+v] = trek/wayfare
• Vulgar = lowbrow

W

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Wager = stake
• Waive = forgo
• Warrior = fighter
• Well-informed = clueful
• Windscreen = windshield
• Wondrous = great/awesome/wonderful

Z

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

• Zeal = boldness/keenness/willingness/readiness
• Zenith = top/peak
• Zero = naught/none

A