User:Asj'a Thompson/sandbox

Article Evaluation--[Human Rights In India]

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you? Some of the subsections of the article are irrelevant to the topic and can be removed which would make it more concise, such as the sections on "Brief history of Muslim Law," and "By State."

Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? The article is neutral, however, I feel as though the focus is more geared towards human rights violations of children.

Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? Yes. The article would be more insightful if the level of detail was heighten on the violations of human rights of women, the elderly, people in poor health, and people of a lower socio-economic status. Currently, the human rights violations of children is overly-represented.

Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article? There is one link that does not work and another link that is not relevant to the information present in the article. The functional links do support the claims in the article, for the most part. However, there are numerous links which focus on a particular state in India but in the Wiki article, there is only a small subsection mentioning that state.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted? 

Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added? Yes, each fact is referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference. The information mostly comes from online journals/articles. Some of the sources are neutral and other contain some bias, which is noted. Majority of the sources are from the early 2000s, meaning they are considerably out of date. Content wise, yes there is information that is missing that can be added.

Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic? 

How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects? How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class? Some of the conversations taking place on the talk page are about the lack of representation of women's rights violations and gender issues in the article, severe bias, and skepticism on the validity of some of the information. The article is rated C-class (top importance). Wiki discusses the article on a very detailed level as opposed to our 'big picture' focus of human rights. Asj’a Thompson

As previously stated, the occurrence of child labour is ubiquitous and is due to poverty, lack of education/ health care, overpopulation, overcrowding etc. Both India and Nigeria have taken extensive preventative measures to halt the growth of child labour and eradication methods to diminish the current child labour. The governments of both countries have enacted policies which assist in these efforts. The legislations in both countries have been inadequate due to several causes which impede child labour including poverty, inadequate policing and corruption. As a result, the policy enforcement has failed in India and Nigeria. Both India and Nigeria have been implementing policies and programmes to eradicate the child labour.

Asj’a Thompson

Dr. Manley

Academic Article Outline

12 October 2017

Article Link: http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=4275652&fileOId=4275654

Citation:

Osment, Lana. “Child Labour; The Effect on Child, Causes and Remedies to the Revolving Menace.” (2014): 9-14.

1. Argument
   1. 1. Child Labour is a prevalent occurrence in many developing countries and in areas where poverty is extreme, this paper aims to examine the causation and eradication methods of child labour in India and Nigeria. In addition, the paper critically examines the governmental policies and organizations implemented.
2. 2.1: Child Labour in India
   1. 1. The cause of child labor in india is due to poverty
      2. According to the journal, india has estimated 28 million children aged 5-14 involved in work
      3. Child labour increased during the industrial revolution
      4. Factors that force children into work: inadequate economic growth, poverty, unemployment, overpopulation, lack of education/ health care
      5. Many people inhabit the mindset that education isn’t beneficial compared to skill-building through the workforce
         1. High illiteracy and dropout rates
         2. Inadequacy of education system
3. 2.2: The Legal Framework and Policies to Control Child Labour in India
   1. 1. The Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act
         1. The legislation sets a minimum age for employment of children at fourteen years and forbid child labour in dangerous sectors
      2. National Child Labor Policy
         1. Started in 1987
         2. Its aim is to help children in hazardous activities and provide non-formal education/ vocational training
      3. Child labor legislation has been unsuccessful in their attempts to banish child labor because majority of the Indian population resides in rural areas where poverty is prevalent

1. 3.1: Definition of Child Labour
   1. Multiple Meanings
      1. Refers to when children are involved in a line of work that is dangerous and harmful to the health of the child
      2. Refers to low wages, long hours, physical/ sexual abuse
      3. When children work in bad conditions/ hazardous occupations
2. Overview of Child Labour
   1. 1. During the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, children were forced into work in family farms, factories…
      2. At that time, children were preferred because they were more malleable and provided cheap labor
      3. Child Labor is still ubiquitous in developing countries
         1. Causes: rapid population growth, high rates of unemployment, inflation, poverty, malnutrition, corruption within the government, low wages
      4. Children occupy jobs in the sectors of agriculture, manufacturing, fishing, construction, domestic service, street vending…
3. 3.3 Rural and Urban Child Labour
   1. 1. According to World Bank, urban children who are involved in work endure poor, unhealthy, and crowded working conditions
         1. Girls are usually most vulnerable and are subjected to sexual trafficking in areas such as Mumbai, Calcutta, and New Delhi
4. International Organizations
   1. ILO and UNICEF are very active in working against child labor
      1. ILO supports the implementation of governmental policies and programs
      2. UNICEF improves the health care and education
      3. These organizations recommend child labor can be resolved through education
5. Conclusion

As previously stated, the occurrence of child labour is ubiquitous and is due to poverty, lack of education/ health care, overpopulation, overcrowding etc. Both India and Nigeria have taken extensive preventative measures to halt the growth of child labour and eradication methods to diminish the current child labour. The governments of both countries have enacted policies which assist in these efforts. The legislations in both countries have been inadequate due to several causes which impede child labour including poverty, inadequate policing and corruption. As a result, the policy enforcement has failed in India and Nigeria. Both India and Nigeria have been implementing policies and programmes to eradicate the child labour.

Asj’a Thompson

Dr. Manley

Wikipedia Project: Outline Your Contribution

1. Wikipedia Entry
   1. Child Labour in India
      1. Initiative against Child Labour in India
      2. Demography of Child Labour
   2. Wikipedia Link
      1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_India
2. Information Posted
   1. 1. Initiatives against Child Labour in India
         1. The information currently contained in the article is relatively broad and doesn’t go into detail, it does however, list different initiatives and acts which are enacted to prohibit and restrict child labour. The information provided on these acts are very skimpy.
            1. Gurupadaswamy Committee
            2. Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act
            3. National Policy on Child Labour
            4. The Ministry of Labour and Employment
         2. I plan to provide more detailed information on the different acts.
      2. Demography of Child Labour
         1. The author of this subsection provides statistics and other detailed information concerning the demography of child labour, however, the author didn’t expand on the information well. For example, a sentence from the article reads, child labour incidence rates in India is highest among Muslim Indians, about 40% higher than Hindu Indians.
         2. I plan to add on to the statistics and details provided while also expounding on the information.

1. Main Points
   1. The sub-section, demography of Child Labour, will be my main focus. I plan to add more statistics and detailed information concerning the subject.
      1. Statistics of child labour (as reported by the listed sources)
         1. Child Labour is prominent in rural India- 80% of working children live in India’s villages
         2. Children between the ages of 14-17 years engage in hazardous work and account for 62.8% of India’s child labour workforce
         3. More boys than girls (38.7 million vs. 8.8 million) are forced into doing hazardous work.
         4. 33 million children aged 5 to 18 are working. Almost ⅓ of this group are under 15 years
         5. Child labour has increased by more than 50% in urban areas
         6. Delhi, the capital of the country, is accountable for over 1 million of these child labourers by itself
         7. The other leading states with such deplorable conditions are Bihar, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
   2. Subsection: Initiatives against Child Labour in India (as reported by the listed sources)
      1. Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act: an act to prohibit the engagement of children in certain employments and to regulate the conditions of work of children in certain other employments.
      2. National Policy on Child Labour: seeks to adopt a sequential approach with focus on rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations & processes in the first instance. Under the Scheme, after a survey of child labour engaged in hazardous occupations & processes has been conducted, children are to be withdrawn from these occupations & processes and then put into special schools in order to enable them to be mainstreamed into formal schooling system.
      3. The Ministry of Labour and Employment: provides and supervises a range of policies

1. Sources
   1. 1. “CHILDLINE India Foundation » DOCUMENTS & REPORTS » Cause Viewpoint » Child Labour: India's Growth Story.” Child Labour: India's Growth Story, www.childlineindia.org.in/Child-Labour-India-growth-story.htm.
      2. “Statistics of Child Labour in India State Wise.” Save the Children India, www.savethechildren.in/articles/statistics-of-child-labour-in-india-state-wise.
      3. “Statistics.” UNICEF, 27 Dec. 2013, www.unicef.org/infobycountry/india_statistics.html.
      4. Shukla, Sharad Kumar. “http://Www.theglobaljournals.com/Ijar/File.php?Val=May_2014_1398965985_e9548_110.Pdf.” Indian Journal of Applied Research, vol. 4, no. 5, Jan. 2011, pp. 370–373., doi:10.15373/2249555x/may2014/111.
      5. “2016 Report on Child Labour in India.” Swipe, 29 May 2016, blog.timetoswipe.com/2016-report-child-labour-in-india/.
      6. 27803. India. Child Labour- Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986, www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/27803/64848/E86IND01.htm.
      7. Osment, Lana. “Child Labour; The Effect on Child, Causes and Remedies to the Revolving Menace.” (2014): 9-14.

Asj’a Thompson

Dr. Manley

Draft Your Contribution: Wikipedia Project

26 October 2017

1. 1. Wikipedia Link (sections: Demography of child Labour & Initiatives against Child Labour in India)
      1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_India

Demography of Child Labour (section exists)

In India, millions of children are forced into child labor due to poverty, high illiteracy rates due to lack of education, unemployment, overpopulation, etc.

As reported by Save the Children, children between the ages of 14- 17 years engage in hazardous work and account for 62.8% of India’s child labour workforce in which more boys than girls (38.7 million vs. 8.8 million) are forced into doing more hazardous work. Child labour used to be most ubiquitous in rural India in which 80% of working children found work . Recently, however, child labor has relocated from rural areas to urbanized areas where the big cities are located. Larger cities provide more opportunity for work compared to smaller, rural areas. As reported by UNICEF, there has been a 54% increase in child labor in urbanized areas for children between the ages of 5- 14. In addition, according to a Campaign Against Child Labour study, India has approximately 1,26,66,377 child laborers total. Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India, has 19,27,997 child labourers. Dehli, the capital of India, has over 1 million child labourers. Other leading states with similar figures include Bihar, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh .

Initiatives Against Child Labour (section exists)

The Indian government has enacted a plethora of acts, laws, organizations, and institutions to combat the overwhelming prominence of child labour. Some of the initiatives include the Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act which is a piece of legislation that prohibits the engagement of children in certain employment (mostly in dangerous conditions) and regulates the conditions of work of children; the National Policy on Child Labour seeks to adopt a sequential approach with focus on rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations & processes in the first instance; and the Ministry of Labour and employment functions to provide and supervise a range of policies concerning child labor in India. Furthermore, as reported by Osment, NGOs such as Care India, Child Rights and You, Global March against Child Labour have been implemented to combat child labour through education and accessibility to resources. However, these efforts have been largely unsuccessful.

How it relates to Human Rights

Child Labour is exploitative and damaging to a child’s physical, psychological, social, emotional, and moral growth. It infringes upon and violates basic human rights.