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Nanoparticle:

A nanoparticle is a small particle that ranges between 1 to 100 nanometres in size. Undetectable by the human eye, nanoparticles can exhibit significantly different physical and chemical properties to their larger material counterparts. ... Most nanoparticles are made up of only a few hundred atoms. Particle Type: Diameter Size Range Atoms and small molecules: 0.1 nm Nanoparticles: 1 to 100 nm Thickness of paper: 100,000 nm

Advantages of Nanoparticles

The key advantages of nanoparticles are (1) improved bioavailability by enhancing aqueous solubility, (2) increasing resistance time in the body (increasing half life for clearance/increasing specificity for its cognate receptors and (3) targeting drug to specific location in the body (its site of action).

Nanoparticles in Medicine:

Nanoparticles are materials with overall dimensions in the nanoscale, ie, under 100 nm. In recent years, these materials have emerged as important players in modern medicine, with clinical applications ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene delivery into tumors. Nanomaterials have unusual mechanical, optical, electrical and chemical behaviors, they have been widely used in medicine and pharmaceuticals for the sensitive detection of key biological molecules, more precise and safer imaging of diseased tissues, and novel forms of therapeutics etc. Medical applications include special materials for wound dressings and surgical textiles, materials used in implants, tissue engineering and artificial organ components. Nanofibers made of carbon also hold promise for medical imaging and precise scientific measurement tools. Nanomedicine — the application of nanomaterials and devices for addressing medical problems — has demonstrated great potential for enabling improved diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of many serious illnesses, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological disorders, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes The average person already encounters nanotechnology in a range of everyday consumer products – nanoparticles of silver are used to deliver antimicrobial properties in hand washes, bandages, and socks, and zinc or titanium nanoparticles are the active UV-protective elements in modern sunscreens.