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Vecoli mentions a Father Antonio d'Andrea as the founder in 1899 of the Chiesa di San Antonio di Padova located in Chicago, ... Mention of d'Andrea's links with Kozlowski, together with the fact that Jan Francis Tichy, a Czech, was Kozlowski's vicar-general, suggests that Kozlowski involved his Polish ethnic movement in some multi-ethnic out-reaching before Hodur. : 4
Kozlowski had been consecrated to the episcopate of the Polish Catholic (or Polish Old Catholic) Church in 1897 Mention of Anthony D'Andrea's links with Kozlowski, together with the fact that Tichy was Kozlowski's vicar-general : 3
Tichy claimed that Kozlowski consecrated him and claimed that he had documents to that effect signed by Herzog : 22
|quote=In 1899, the "Reverend" Antonio D'Andrea, who was later to emerge as a powerful figure in the Chicago underworld, founded the 'Chiesa di S. Antonio di Padova' with the benediction of the Bishop of the Polish National Catholic Church. In Hackensack, New Jersey, a suspended priest, Antiono Giulio Lenzi, established an independent church for the Italians who had been vainly requesting their own parish for several years. The Bishop of the Polish National Catholic Church, within which Lenzi styled himself 'Vicar General of the Italian Independent Churches,' on one occasion confirmed 1700 children in this church. Two other suspended priests organized an 'Independent Italian Church' in Marlboro, Massachusetts, in 1919. Although the movement for an independent Catholic church never achieved the proportions among the Italians that it did among the Poles, these incidents expressed a rebelliousness on the part of both priests and people against the American hierarchy.
[2]
Cavaioli, Frank J; et al., eds. (1993). Italian Americans and their public and private life. 24th Annual Conference of the American Italian Historical Association, New Haven, CT, November 14-16, 1991. Staten Island: American Italian Historical Association. ISBN 0934675309.
: 79
From Buffalo, for example, where in 1891 he had been the president of the "Societa Industriosa Siciliana, Umberto I," Antonio D' Andrea moved to Chicago and established the "Chiesa di Sant' Antonio di Padova" with the help of the Polish
Gavazi[2]: 221
D'Andrea[2]: pages241–242
Cavaioli, Frank J; et al., eds. (1993). Italian Americans and their public and private life. 24th Annual Conference of the American Italian Historical Association, New Haven, CT, November 14-16, 1991. Staten Island: American Italian Historical Association. ISBN 0934675309.
: 79
From Buffalo, for example, where in 1891 he had been the president of the "Societa Industriosa Siciliana, Umberto I," Antonio D' Andrea moved to Chicago and established the "Chiesa di Sant' Antonio di Padova" with the help of the Polish
He was assassinated on May 11, 1921. he was buried from
According to the 1929 The Illinois Crime Survey, he
D'Andrea had served a term in the penitentiary for counterfeiting. He had been pardoned by President Roosevelt through the influence of a former pupil whom he had instructed in foreign languages, for D'Andrea was a linguist and had studied for the priesthood in Palermo, Sicily.
The Chicago Daily Tribune commented upon D'Andrea's record as follows: "Anthony D'Andrea is the same Antonio D'Andrea, unfrocked priest, linguist, and former power in the old 'red-light' district, who in April, 1903, was released from the penitentiary after serving thirteen months on a counterfeit charge." "D'Andrea's name has also been connected with a gang of Italian forgers and bank thieves who operated at one time all over the country." He succeeded his brother as president of the Sewer and Tunnel Miners' Union."
[3]: 949
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PNCC Studies. 2. Scranton: Polish National Catholic Church, Commission of History and Archives. 1981. ISSN 0734-4570 http://books.google.com/books?id=SKBZAAAAYAAJ&q=Kozlowski+Tichy&dq=Kozlowski+Tichy.
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Vecoli, Rudolph J (Spring, 1969). "Prelates and peasants: Italian immigrants and the Catholic Church". Journal of Social History. 2 (3). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 221, 241–242. doi:10.1353/jsh/2.3.217. ISSN 0022-4529.
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Illinois Association for Criminal Justice; Chicago Crime Commission (1929). "Terrorization by bombs". In Wigmore, John H (ed.). The Illinois crime survey. Chicago: Illinois Association for Criminal Justice in cooperation with the Chicago Crime Commission. pp. 948–953. LCCN 29016696. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
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