| Classical Latin
|
Hispanic Gallo-Romance
|
Context 1
|
British Latin
|
Example
|
| [b]
|
/b/ |
normal |
[b] |
buccam > boca [boka] "mouth"
|
| [g]
|
[g]
|
normal
|
normal
|
[g]
|
|
| [ɟ]
|
before a front vowel
|
normal
|
|
|
| following sonorants
|
[dz]
|
|
| [f]
|
[h]
|
normal
|
normal
|
[h]
|
filium > hijo [ixo] "son"
|
| [ɸ]
|
before liquids and w
|
[ɸ]
|
|
| [k]
|
[k] |
closed |
/ɛ/ |
septem > sept /sɛt/ "seven"
|
| open |
/iɛ/ |
heri > hier /jɛʁ/ "yesterday"; pedem > pied /pje/ "foot"
|
|
|
/e/ |
closed |
/e/ |
siccvm > sec /sɛk/ "dry"
|
| open |
/ei/ |
pēram > poire /pwaʁ/; vidēre > early Old French vedeir /vəˈðeir/ > Old French vëoir /vəˈoir/ > voir /vwaʁ/ "to see"
|
| palatal + open |
/iei/ |
cēram > cire /siʁ/ "wax"; mercēdem > merci /mɛʁˈsi/ "mercy"
|
|
|
/i/ |
all |
/i/ |
vītam > vie /vi/ "life"; vīllam > ville > /vil/ "town"
|
|
|
/ɔ/ |
closed |
/ɔ/ |
portam > porte /pɔʁt/ "door"; *sottvm, *sottam > sot, sotte /so/, /sɔt/ "silly"
|
|
|
closed followed by /s/, /z/ |
grossvm, grossam > gros, grosse /ɡʁo/, /ɡʁos/ "fat"
|
|
|
open |
/uɔ/ |
novvm > neuf /nœf/ "new"; cor > *corem > cœur /kœʁ/ "heart"
|
|
|
/o/ |
closed |
/o/ |
svbtvs > /ˈsottos/ > sous /su/ "under"; svrdvm > sourd /suʁ/ "mute"
|
|
|
open |
/ou/ |
nōdvm > nœud /nø/ "knot"
|
|
|
/u/ |
all |
/y/ |
dv̄rvm > dur /dyʁ/ "hard"; nv̄llam > nulle /nyl/ "none (fem.)"
|
|
|
/au/ |
all |
/au/ |
avrvm > or /ɔʁ/ "gold"
|
|
|
followed by /s/, /z/ |
cavsam > chose /ʃoz/ "thing"
|
|
|
followed by Gallo-Romance /w/,/ɣu/,/ɣo/ |
/ɔ/ |
*traucon (<Gaulish) > Gallo-Romance /trauɣo/ > Old French /trɔw/ > trou /tʁu/ "hole" [1]
|
| END
|
