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Ribonuclease III domain
Ribonuclease III structure interacting with double stranded RNA.
Identifiers
SymbolRNase_III
PfamPF00636
InterProIPR000999
PROSITEPDOC00448
SCOP21jfz / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1o0wB:51-141 2a11A:41-134 1jfzA:37-121

1rc7A:37-121 1yywA:37-121 1i4sA:37-121 1rc5B:37-121 1yyoA:37-121 1yykB:37-121

1yz9A:37-121 2fflA:333-418 1u61A:10-111

Ribonuclease III (RNase III or RNase C)[1](BRENDA 3.1.26.3) is a type of ribonuclease that recognizes dsRNA and cleaves it at specific targeted locations to transform them into mature RNAs [2]. These enzymes are a group of endoribonucleases that are characterized by their ribonuclease domain, which is labelled the RNase III domain [3]. They are ubiquitous compounds in the cell and play a major role in pathways such as RNA precursor synthesis, RNA Silencing, and the pnp autoregulatory mechanism [4].


Types of RNase III

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Within the RNase III superfamily, there are four known classes: 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each class is defined by both its functional and structural differences.


Class 1 RNase III

File:Ribonuclease III.png
Ribonuclease III Class 1 Dimer Domain interaction with dsRNA


  • Class 1 RNase III have a dimer structure whose function is to cleave dsRNA into multiple subunits. It is a Mg2+ dependent endonuclease and is largely found in bacteria, bacteriophage, and some fungi. Among the RNases III in the class are the rnc from E. coli, Pac1p from S. pombe, and Rnt1p from S. cerevisiae. They process precursors to ribosomal RNA, and in the case of fungi, process precursors to small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). The basic dsRNA cleavage function of Class 1 RNase III is similar in most of the organisms in which it is present. However, as the enzyme was conserved in various species over time, the restraints of its function has changed and expanded to meet the biological needs of each organism[5].


Yeast nucleases with with the Class 1 RNase III domain [6]:


RNT1 (UniProtKB Q02555) - S. cerevisiae - this RNase III is involved in the transcription and processing of rDNA, the 3' end formation of U2 snRNA via cleavage of the terminal loop, cell wall stress response and degradation, and regulation of morphogenesis checkpoint genes[7].


Pac1 (UniProtKB P22192) - S. pombe - this RNase III is located on chromosome II of the yeast nuclease and when over expressed, is directly involved in the sterility, lack of mating efficiency, abnormal mitotic cell cycle, and mutation suppression of the organism.[8].


Rnc (UniProtKB P0A7Y0) - E.Coli - this RNase III is involved in the processing of viral transcripts and some mRNAs through the cleavage of multiple areas on the dsRNA. This cleavage can be influenced by ribosomal protein presence[9].


Class 2 RNase III


  • Class 2 RNases III include the Drosha family of enzymes known to function in maturation of precursors to miRNA.[10]


Class 3 RNase III



Class 4 RNase III


  • Class 4 RNases III, called Mini-III, are homodimeric enzymes and consist solely of the RNase III domains.[12]


Human proteins containing RNase III domain

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DICER1[13] DROSHA[14]


See also

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References

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  1. ^ Filippov, Valery; Solovyev, Victor; Filippova, Maria; Gill, Sarjeet S. (7 March 2000). "A novel type of RNase III family proteins in eukaryotes". Gene. 245 (1): 213–221. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00571-5.
  2. ^ Zamore, Phollip D. (December 2001). "Thirty-Three Years Later, a Glimpse at the Ribonuclease III Active Site". Molecular Cell. 8 (6): 1158–1160. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00418-X. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. ^ Conrad, Christian; Rauhut, Reinhard (February 2002). "Ribonuclease III: new sense from nuisance". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 34 (2): 116–129. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00112-1. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ^ Inada, T.; Nakamura, Y. (1995). "Lethal double-stranded RNA processing activity of ribonuclease III in the absence of SuhB protein of Escherichia coli". Biochimie. 77 (4): 294–302. doi:10.1016/0300-9084(96)88139-9. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  5. ^ Kreuze, Jan F.; Savenkov, Eugene I.; Cuellar, Wilmer; Li, Xiangdong; Valkonen, Jari P. T. (1 June 2005). "Viral Class 1 RNase III Involved in Suppression of RNA Silencing". Journal of Virology. 79 (11): 7227–7238. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.11.7227-7238.2005. ISSN 0022-538X. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  6. ^ Wu, Chang-Xian; Xu, Xian-Jin; Zheng, Ke; Liu, Fang; Yang, Xu-Dong; Chen, Chuang-Fu; Chen, Huan-Chun; Liu, Zheng-Fei (1 April 2016). "Characterization of ribonuclease III from Brucella". Gene. 579 (2): 183–192. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.068. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. ^ "RNT1/YMR239C Overview". www.yeastgenome.org. Stanford University. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  8. ^ "pac1 (SPBC119.11c)". www.pombase.org. EMBL-EBI. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  9. ^ "rnc - Ribonuclease 3 - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - rnc gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. UniProt Consortium. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  10. ^ Filippov V, Solovyev V, Filippova M, Gill SS (Mar 2000). "A novel type of RNase III family proteins in eukaryotes". Gene. 245 (1): 213–221. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00571-5. PMID 10713462.
  11. ^ Bernstein E, Caudy AA, Hammond SM, Hannon GJ (2001). "Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference". Nature. 409 (6818): 363–6. doi:10.1038/35053110. PMID 11201747.
  12. ^ Glow, D.; Pianka, D.; Sulej, A. A.; Kozlowski, Lukasz P.; Czarnecka, J.; Chojnowski, G.; Skowronek, K. J.; Bujnicki, J. M. (2015). "Sequence-specific cleavage of dsRNA by Mini-III RNase". Nucleic Acids Research. 43 (5): 2864–2873. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv009. ISSN 0305-1048. PMID 25634891.
  13. ^ "Tissue expression of DICER1 - Summary". www.proteinatlas.org. The Human Protein Atlas. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  14. ^ "Tissue expression of DROSHA - Summary". www.proteinatlas.org. The Human Protein Atlas. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR000999
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