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The Gooseberry gene, a pair-rule gene, plays an important role in providing genetic information involved with the hedgehog signaling pathway in Drosophila. Thereby, relating to the signaling wingless development. [1] [2]
Segment Polarity Gene
editAnimals are constructed of segments; however, Drosophila segments also contain subdivided compartments, embryonic segments are called parasegments to distinguish them from adult segments, which research shows has 14 segments.[3] The segment polarity is the last step in embryonic development and a repeated pattern where each half of each segment is deleted and a mirror-image is duplicated to replace that half segment; thus, forming a pattern element.[4]
Segment Polarity in Drosophila
editSegmentation polarity occurs during the release of morphogens, which functions to differentiate patterns within sections.[5] Pattern that develop depends on gradients of these morphogens.[6]
Engrailed
editIn Drosophila, engrailed gene is only located in cells within the posterior section of every segment. [7] Its roles is to distinguish posterior from anterior sections of each segment. Engrailed expression generally is restricted to cells in the posterior compartment but research suggests it may have other functions.[8]
Gooseberry
editThe Gooseberry gene's role in segmentation was believed to be involved in segment-polarity class of segmentation genes required for the formation of larval segments because, during embryogenesis, half of the larval segments are replaced by the remain half segment, but in a reversed polarity, which suggested that gooseberry was a single gene.[9] However, it is believed that this mechanism is controlled by two duplicated genes instead of one, which are called gooseberry (gsb) and gooseberry neuro (gsbn).[10]
Development of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
editResearch in a Drosophila zygotes it indicated that several segment polarity genes are vital for segmentation involved in neuroblast formation and differentiation of cell into their neuroblast identity; thereby, developing the CNS.[11] Research on the loss-of-function mutations in these genes of Drosophila suggests that segment polarity genes interactions are also responsible for the neuroblasts to divide affecting the quantity of neuroblasts as well as their specificity.[12] CDOcean (talk) 13:01, 1 October 2015 (UTC)
Gene activation
editMechanism of action
edit- ^ https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/38005.html
- ^ http://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/gene/gsbryd.htm
- ^ http://cuttlefish.bio.indiana.edu:7082/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/segment/engrail1.htm
- ^ Perrimon, N., & Mahowald, A. P. (1987). Multiple functions of segment polarity genes in Drosophila. Developmental biology, 119(2), 587-600.
- ^ http://cuttlefish.bio.indiana.edu:7082/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aignfam/sgmtplty.htm#dafka
- ^ http://cuttlefish.bio.indiana.edu:7082/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aignfam/sgmtplty.htm#dafka
- ^ Kornberg, 1981) and molecular evidence (Kornberg et al., 1985; DiNardo et al., 1985) i
- ^ Brower DL. Engrailed gene expression in Drosophila imaginal discs. The EMBO Journal. 1986;5(10):2649-2656.
- ^ He, H., & Noll, M. (2013). Differential and redundant functions of gooseberry and gooseberry neuro in the central nervous system and segmentation of the Drosophila embryo. Developmental biology, 382(1), 209-223.
- ^ Bopp, D., Burri, M., Baumgartner, S., Frigerio, G., & Noll, M. (1986). Conservation of a large protein domain in the segmentation gene paired and in functionally related genes of Drosophila. Cell, 47(6), 1033-1040.
- ^ Patel, N. H., Schafer, B., Goodman, C. S., & Holmgren, R. (1989). The role of segment polarity genes during Drosophila neurogenesis. Genes & development, 3(6), 890-904.
- ^ Bhat, K. M. (1999). Segment polarity genes in neuroblast formation and identity specification during Drosophila neurogenesis. Bioessays, 21(6), 472-485.